In this paper, we report a facile method to produce large-area periodical bowl-like cobalt oxide (Co3O4) array films based on a self-assembled monolayer polystyrene sphere template and ...electrodeposition. After the template is removed, the resulting Co3O4 films consist of periodic, interconnected networks of monodisperse submicrometer pores with a diameter of 1 μm. Moreover, the individual bowl contains a large number of pores with a diameter of 50 ± 20 nm and the interstices between bowls are filled with Co3O4 nanoflakes. As a preliminary test, the electrochromic properties of the Co3O4 macrobowl arrays have been investigated and it is found that the film annealed at lower temperature exhibits better electrochromic performance. The Co3O4 array film annealed at 200 °C exhibits good electrochromism with color changes from dark gray to pale yellow and fast response times. The coloration efficiency is calculated to be 29 cm2 C−1 at 633 nm, with a variation of transmittance up to 33%.
A three-dimensional (3D) porous nano-Ni supported Si composite film is successfully fabricated by the combination of hydrogen bubble template electrodeposition of porous nano-Ni film and ...radiofrequency magnetron sputtering amorphous silicon. As anode for lithium-ion batteries, the 3D porous Ni/Si composite film shows noticeable electrochemical performance with high capacity of 2444mAhg−1 at a current density of 0.84Ag−1, superior capacity retention of 83% after 100 cycles, as well as excellent rate capability with 1420 and 1273mAhg−1 at charge–discharge current densities of 4.2Ag−1 and 8.4Ag−1 after 100 cycles, respectively. The enhanced electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the highly porous conductive architecture, which provides good mechanical support and electron conducting pathway for active silicon and alleviates the structure degradation caused by volume expansion during the cycling process.
► We synthesize a unique 3D porous nano-Ni supported Si composite film. ► A high capacity of 2444mAhg−1 can be obtained at 0.84Ag−1. ► 83% of capacity is retained after 100 cycles at 0.84Ag−1. ► The film shows excellent rate capability at 4.2Ag−1 (1420mAhg−1) and 8.4Ag−1 (1273mAhg−1).
Display omitted
High-performance electrochromic films with large color contrast and fast switching speed are of great importance for developing advanced smart windows. In this work, ...crystalline/amorphous WO3 core/shell (c-WO3@a-WO3) nanowire arrays rationally are synthesized by combining hydrothermal and electrodeposition methods. The 1D c-WO3@a-WO3 core/shell hierarchical structures show a synergistic effect for the enhancement of optical modulation, especially in the infrared (IR) region. By optimizing the electrodeposition time of 400s, the core/shell array exhibits a significant optical modulation (70.3% at 750nm, 42.0% at 2000nm and 51.4% at 10μm), fast switching speed (3.5s and 4.8s), high coloration efficiency (43.2cm2C−1 at 750nm) and excellent cycling performance (68.5% after 3000 cycles). The crystalline/amorphous nanostructured film can provide an alternative way for developing high-performance electrochromic materials.
Fe sub(2)O sub(3) nanospindles assembled with nanoparticles as primary building blocks are directly synthesized by a versatile ionothermal strategy in the choline chloride/urea mixture-based deep ...eutectic solvent system. The proposed ionothermal protocol is attractive and environmental friendly because choline chloride and urea are both naturally biocompatible compounds. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the resultant Fe sub(2)O sub(3) nanospindles show high capacity and good cycle stability (921.7 mAh g super(-1) at a current density of 200 mA g super(-1) up to 50 cycles), as well as the excellent rate capability. The good electrochemical performance can be attributed to the nanospindle structure with high sufficient interfacial contact area between the active material and electrolyte, the short diffusion distance of Li ions. The environmentally benign strategy proposed in this study is expected to offer an attractive technique for the ionothermal synthesis of electrochemical energy storage materials.
Measurements of particle number size distribution in the range of 10–487 nm were made at four heights on one side of an asymmetric street canyon on Beijing East Road in Shanghai, China. The result ...showed that the number size distributions were bimodal or trimodal and lognormal in form. Within a certain height from 1.5 to 20 m, the particle size distributions significantly changed with increasing height. The particle number concentrations in the nucleation mode and in the Aitken mode significantly dropped, and the peaking diameter in the Aitken mode shifted to larger sizes. The variations of the particle number size distributions in the accumulation mode were less significant than those in the nucleation and Aitken modes. The particle number size distributions slightly changed with increasing height ranging from 20 to 38 m. The particle number concentrations in the street canyon showed a stronger association with the pre-existing particle concentrations and the intensity of the solar radiation when the traffic flow was stable. The particle number concentrations were observed higher in Test I than in Test II, probably because the small pre-existing particle concentrations and the intense solar radiation promoted the formation of new particles. The pollutant concentrations in the street canyon showed a stronger association with wind speed and direction. For example, the concentrations of total particle surface area, total particle volume, PM2.5 and CO were lower in Test I (high wind speed and
step-up canyon) than in Test II (low wind speed and
wind blowing parallel to the canyon). The equations for the normalized concentration curves of the total particle number, CO and PM2.5 in Test I and Test II were derived. A power functions was found to be a good estimator for predicting the concentrations of total particle number, CO and PM2.5 at different heights. The decay rates of PM2.5 and CO concentrations were lower in Test I than in Test II. However, the decay rate of the total particle number concentration in Test I was similar to that in Test II. No matter how the wind direction changed, for example, in the
step-up case or
wind blowing parallel to the canyon, the decay rates of the total particle number concentration were larger than those of PM2.5 and CO concentrations. For example, CO concentrations decreased by 0.33 and 0.69 at the heights ranging from 1.5 to 38 m in Test I and Test II, while the total particle number concentrations decreased by 0.72 and 0.85 within the same height ranges in Test I and Test II. It is concluded that the coagulation process, besides the dilution process, affected the total particle number concentration.
Isochronous mass spectrometry has been applied to neutron-deficient Ni-58 projectile fragments at the HIRFL-CSR facility in Lanzhou, China. Masses of a series of short-lived T-z = -3/2 nuclides ...including Ti-41, Cr-45, Fe-49, and Ni-53 have been measured with a precision of 20-40 keV. The new data enable us to test for the first time the isobaric multiplet mass equation (IMME) in f p-shell nuclei. We observe that the IMME is inconsistent with the generally accepted quadratic form for the A = 53, T = 3/2 quartet. We perform full space shell model calculations and compare them with the new experimental results.
Hierarchical hollow Fe3O4 (H–Fe3O4) microspheres are prepared by the controlled thermal decomposition of an iron alkoxide precursor, which is obtained via an ethylene glycol (EG) mediated ...solvothermal reaction of ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), sodium acetate (NaAc), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The microspheres are characterized by the assembly of highly oriented primary nanoparticles and have a single-crystal feature. As the anode materials for the lithium-ion batteries, the resultant H–Fe3O4 microspheres show high specific capacity and good cycle stability (851.9 mAh g–1 at 1 C and 750.1 mAh g–1 at 3 C up to 50 cycles), as well as enhanced rate capability. The excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the high interfacial contact area between the microspheres and electrolyte, and good accommodation of volume change arising from the synergetic effect of the hierarchical hollow structure. It is suggested that the H–Fe3O4 microsphere synthesized by this method is a promising anode material for high energy-density lithium-ion batteries.
A hierarchically Fe2O3@Co3O4 nanowire array is prepared by the aid of hydrothermal synthesis and sacrificial hydrolysis method. The obtained nanowire array shows hierarchical porosity and large ...surface area. The resulted Fe2O3@Co3O4 nanowire array is evaluated as an anode material for Li ion batteries, which exhibits high capacity and good cycle stability (1005.1 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1) and an excellent rate performance, mainly owing to the unique hierarchical nanowire architecture and an elegant synergistic effect of two electrochemically active materials. The developed strategy can be readily generalized to construct other multifunctional hybrid nanostructures, which will be promising materials for high-performance electrochemical devices.
•We prepared Fe2O3@Co3O4 array by the hydrothermal and sacrificial hydrolysis method.•The porous Co3O4 nanowire act as the core and Fe2O3 nanoparticle as the shell layer.•The electrode shows high capacity, good cycle stability and enhanced rate performance.•This strategy can be generalized to construct other hybrid nanostructures.
Osteocalcin (OCN) has a function in preventing fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in poultry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of OCN on fat emulsion stimulated chicken ...embryonic hepatocytes and related signaling pathways. The primary chicken embryonic hepatocytes were isolated from the incubated 15-day (E15) pathogen free eggs and cultured with dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM). After the hepatocyte density reached 80%, the cells were divided into 5 groups: control group (CONT), fat emulsion group (FE, 10% FE, v/v), FE with ucOCN at 1 ng/mL (FE-LOCN), 3 ng/mL (FE-MOCN), and 9 ng/mL (FE-HOCN). In addition, 2 mM N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, and 5 μM SP600125, a Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, were added separately in to the DMEM with 10% FE to test effects of FE on the function of ROS-JNK signal pathway. The number of hepatocytes, cell ultra-microstructure, viability, and apoptosis were detected after 48 h treatment, and the protein expressions and enzyme concentrations were detected after 72 h treatment. The results showed that, compared to the control group, FE increased the triglyceride (TG) concentration and lipid droplets (LDs) in chicken embryonic hepatocytes (P < 0.05), and induced hepatocytic edema with obviously mitochondrial swelling, membrane damage, and cristae rupture. FE also decreased ATP concentration, increased ROS concentrations and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, promoted inflammatory interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations and hepatocytic apoptosis rate, and raised phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) protein expressions. Compared to the FE group, ucOCN significantly increased hepatocyte viability, reduced hepatocytic TG concentrations and LDs numbers, and alleviated hepatocytic edema and mitochondrial swelling. Furthermore, ucOCN significantly decreased ROS concentrations, increased ATP concentrations, reduced IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α concentrations and hepatocytic apoptosis rate, and inhibited p-JNK protein expressions (P < 0.05). NAC had the similar functions of ucOCN reduced the ROS concentration and inhibited the TNF-α protein expression and p-JNK/JNK ration. Similarly, SP600125 reduced p-JNK/JNK protein expression, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and TG concentrations without effects on ROS concentration and hepatocytic apoptosis. These results suggest that ucOCN alleviates FE-induced mitochondrial damage, cellular edema, and apoptosis of hepatocytes. These results reveal that the functions of ucOCN in reducing fat accumulation and inflammatory reaction in chicken embryonic hepatocytes are mostly via inhibiting the ROS-JNK signal pathway.
Polypyrrole-coated high Na content Na0.91MnO2 porous microcubes are prepared through high temperature calcination followed by a chemical ice water bath process. The higher sodium content of ...Na0.91MnO2 makes capacity increase up to 50 mAh g−1 compared with Na0.7MnO2.05. The thus wider interlayer space makes ion/electron insertion/extraction faster. Porous structure providing shorter ion/electron diffusion distance compared with hollow sphere structure. The conductive polymer modified sodium manganate oxide cathode for sodium ion full batteries exhibits ultrahigh initial capacity, cycling stability and rate capability.
Display omitted
Highly conductive cathode material with enhanced Na+ diffusion kinetics is of great importance in the exploration of sodium ion batteries. In this work, Na0.91MnO2 porous microcube which is coated with highly conductive polypyrrole (PPy) is obtained. The high Na content in the layered sodium manganate oxide brings about wider interlayer distance resulting in high capacity and electrochemical kinetics. The higher sodium content of Na0.91MO2 makes capacity increase up to 50 mAh g−1 compared with Na0.7MnO2.05. Furthermore, the well-designed combination between porous structure and conductive PPy coating exhibits fast ion/electron transfer inside the electrode and high cycling stability. The PPy coated Na0.91MnO2 delivers a high initial capacity of 208 mAh g−1, encouraging capacity retention and rate capability. Based on the porous Na0.91MnO2@PPy cathode, the sodium ion full cells with puffed millet porous carbon anode show remarkably stable cycling and high-rate performances.
PDF
