Abstract Parents' use of praise and criticism are common indicators of parent-child interaction quality and are intervention targets for mental health treatment. Clinicians and researchers often rely ...on parents' self-reports of parenting behavior, although studies about the correlation of parents' self-reports and actual behavior are rare. We examined the concordance between parents' self-reports of praise and criticism of their children and observed use of these behaviors during a brief parent-child play session. Parent self-report and observational data were collected from 128 parent-child dyads referred for child mental health treatment. Most parents reported praising their children often and criticizing their children rarely. However, parents were observed to criticize their children nearly three times more often than they praised them. Self-reported and observed praise were positively correlated ( r s = 0.32, p < .01), whereas self-reported and observed criticisms were negatively correlated ( r s = −0.21, p < .05). Parents' tendencies to overestimate their use of praise and underestimate their use of criticism are discussed.
Introduction Office employees are exposed to hazardous levels of sedentary work. Interventions that integrate health promotion and health protection elements are needed to advance the health of ...sedentary workers. This study tested an integrated intervention on occupational sedentary/physical activity behaviors, cardiometabolic disease biomarkers, musculoskeletal discomfort, and work productivity. Design Two-group, RCT. Data were collected between January and August 2014. Setting/participants Overweight/obese adults working in sedentary desk jobs were randomized to: (1) a health protection–only group (HPO, n =27); or (2) an integrated health protection/health promotion group (HP/HP, n =27). Intervention HPO participants received an ergonomic workstation optimization intervention and three e-mails/week promoting rest breaks and posture variation. HP/HP participants received the HPO intervention plus access to a seated activity permissive workstation. Main outcome measures Occupational sedentary and physical activity behaviors (primary outcomes), cardiometabolic health outcomes, musculoskeletal discomfort, and work productivity (secondary outcomes) were measured at baseline and post-intervention (16 weeks). Results The HP/HP group increased occupational light intensity physical activity over the HPO group and used the activity permissive workstations 50 minutes/work day. Significant associations were observed between activity permissive workstation adherence and improvements in several cardiometabolic biomarkers (weight, total fat mass, resting heart rate, body fat percentage) and work productivity outcomes (concentration at work, days missed because of health problems). Conclusions The HP/HP group increased occupational physical activity and greater activity permissive workstation adherence was associated with improved health and work productivity outcomes. These findings are important for employers interested in advancing the well-being of sedentary office workers. Trial registration This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02071420.
...quite the opposite has happened; the ANA has declined to endorse mandatory influenza immunization policies, except in the narrow event that there would be no penalty for non-compliance - a ...political straw man that effectively negates the whole concept of a mandatory policy. Multiple studies, including those conducted by our team, demonstrate that nurses have high rates of misinformation and misperceptions about influenza vaccine safety and effectiveness despite delivery of comprehensive multifaceted educational programs 10,11. ...in-depth interviews of nurses refusing influenza vaccine readily reveal their misperceptions and the notable finding that they do not read the primary literature; rather, these misperceptions are beliefs formed absent the data 10.\n To fail to endorse such attributes rejects the basic tenets of the profession and the notion of a culture of patient safety, and will erode trust among the public toward the nursing profession.
Emotional availability (EA) represents the emotional expression and responsiveness of the mother-child dyad. Emotional availability is measured by the Emotional Availability Scale (EAS) which is a ...global observation tool. Cross-cultural research is often conducted with measurement tools that were originally developed for the Caucasians. Systematic application of the EAS across cultures could introduce bias and would produce invalid results. Fair comparison of scores between race/ethnic groups would not be possible and conclusions drawn from EA results would not be accurate. No psychometric testing of the EAS among other race/ethnicities to determine cross-cultural validity was published. This study examined EA differences between Caucasian. Hispanic, and African American dyads to determine reliability and validity of the Emotional Availability Scale (EAS). A cross-sectional, matched design study was conducted with rerecorded play sessions of Hispanic and African American mother-child dyads. Dyads were matched on maternal age, maternal education, and child gender. Differences of EAS between race/ethnicities were analyzed with ANOVAs. Relationships between EAS dimensions and behaviors represented by the Dyadic Parent Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS) were analyzed with correlations and Matched Moderated Regression (MMR). There were no significant differences in EA by race/ethnicity. Eight significant correlations between EAS dimensions and DPICS behaviors occurred for the entire sample. Seven EAS dimensions were predicted by DPICS behaviors for the entire sample regardless of race/ethnicity and four predictive relationships, impacted by race/ethnicity occurred. For the predictive relationships moderated by race/ethnicity, two different DPICS behaviors predicted the same EAS maternal dimensions for both Hispanic and African American dyads. These results carry implications related to ethical conduct of cross-cultural research using tools that were not validated for target populations, shoring up educational resources for cross-cultural researchers, and a responsibility to develop policies and procedures to ensure competent use of research findings.
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