Članak razmatra ustroj, djelokrug i teritorijalnu nadležnost Gradskoga poglavarstva Varaždin između dva svjetska rata. Prikazana su tri međusobno koordinirana tijela Gradskoga poglavarstva: gradsko ...zastupstvo kao lokalno predstavničko tijelo, odbori kao savjetodavna tijela zastupstva i gradsko poglavarstvo kao izvršno tijelo. U poglavlju o zastupstvu kronološki su predstavljeni svi mandati zastupstva, načelnici i vladini povjerenici koji su upravljali gradom. U narednom poglavlju razrađen je djelokrug svakoga odbora zasebno i taksativno su pobrojani svi odbori izabrani u promatranom razdoblju. Posljednje poglavlje analizira organizaciju ustrojbenih jedinica u kojima se je odvijalo poslovno djelovanje poglavarstva. Pogled na djelovanje gradske uprave zaokružen je zakonskom regulativom i naznakom unitarističko-centralističkih i apsolutističkih tendencija koje su oblikovale svekoliku društveno-političku zbilju, uključujući i rad jedinica lokalne vlasti.
The article analyzes the structure, scope and territorial jurisdiction of the Varaždin City Government, a unit of local administration that governed the Varaždin municipality in the period 1918-1941. From 1918 to 1920, the city municipality included the area of the city of Varaždin together with the villages of Varaždin Breg and Novo Selo, and from January 1, 1921 it was further expanded with the village of Šandorovec.Two basic laws defined the structure and scope of city governments between the two world wars: the Law on the Organization of City Municipalities in the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia of 1895 and the Law on City Municipalities of 1934. After the introduction of the dictatorship in 1929, two more laws were passed that had a decisive impact on the functioning of cities. One dissolved all self-governments on the territory of the state and the other annulled all existing election procedures, so that all subsequent city councils were appointed by a Ban’s decision. The abolition of previous legislation, strict hierarchical supervision, the appointment of city councils and government commissioners close to the state regime and the complete denial of electoral principles led, especially in the first half of the 1930s, to the narrowing of self-governing rights of city municipalities. The paper presents three mutually coordinated bodies of the City Government: the council as a local representative body, committees as advisory bodies of the council and the government as an executive body. The chapter on the city council, in addition to the structure and competencies, provides a chronological overview of the mandate of the council and a list of mayors and government commissioners who changed during the interwar years. In the 1920s, four city councils were elected and from 1929 to 1941, five were appointed. All four elected councils disbanded before the end of a six-year term due to political and party disagreements, lack of a solid coalition or personal animosities. The city council was chaired by the mayors or presidents of the city municipality. In the observed period, Varaždin had four elected and eight appointed mayors and six government commissioners. The longest-serving elected mayor was Vjenceslav Podgajski with a four-and-a-half-year term. The council had standing committees for more efficient solution of administrative cases and faster decision making. The committees were established in accordance with the statute (Legal-Political Committee, Excise, Economic, For Paupers and Orphans, For City Enterprises, etc.) or particular legislation (School, Agricultural, Committee for Emergency Passages, Health, etc.). Their number varied over the years between twelve and eighteen. The performance of all administrative and self-governing tasks belonged to the domain of the government, which was divided into organizational units, the so-called sections. However, little attention was paid to the organization itself. The greatest progress towards better organization was made only in 1937, when the number of departments was finally stabilized and the systematic marking of files with numerical designations of organizational units began. From then until 1941 the administrative work had been conducted in twelve and later thirteen departments (one department was established in 1938). This article should make it easier for researchers to use the material of exceptionally valuable, frequently used and researched archival fonds of the State Archives in Varaždin, but it can also serve as a guide for understanding the administrative history of other city governments in continental Croatia, whose functioning is defined by the same legislation and the general socio-political climate of the interwar period.
Članak obrađuje stvarnu nadležnost kotarskih narodnih odbora u razdoblju od 1945. do 1963. godine. Sukladno općim zakonima o narodnim odborima i zakonima o nadležnosti prvi dio kronološki prati opći ...status kotarskih narodnih odbora u društvenopolitičkom kontekstu FNRJ i njihovu poziciju u sustavu tijela vlasti. U drugom su djelu razrađeni poslovi kotarskih narodnih odbora po pojedinim upravnim područjima na temelju uvida u arhivsko gradivo i sukladno posebnim zakonima koji reguliraju pojedina upravna područja. Prikaz stvarne nadležnosti trebao bi doprinijeti razumijevanju svrhe i konteksta nastanka gradiva kao pretpostavkama kvalitetnog sređivanja i funkcionalno strukturiranog obavijesnog pomagala kotarskih narodnih odbora i drugih tijela lokalne i regionalne vlasti iz poslijeratnog razdoblja.
Tijekom sedam godina postojanja mjesni narodni odbori prošli su nekoliko većih teritorijalnih reorganizacija. Iako su u razdoblju 1945-1952. donesena tri zakona o administrativno-teritorijalnim ...podjelama, oni nisu dostatan i pouzdan izvor informacija o svim provedenim teritorijalnim preustrojima. Uvidom u arhivsko gradivo fondova republičkih i područnih organa uprave nadležnih za osnivanja, spajanja i ukidanja mjesnih narodnih odbora, utvrđeno je nekoliko osnovnih etapa u procesu teritorijalnih reorganizacija. Sve provedene reforme karakterizira postupak okrupnjavanja teritorija i reduciranja broja lokalnih jedinica. U članku su prikazana obilježja, razlozi i kriteriji provedenih reorganizacija i rezultati statističke analize procesa amalgamiranja teritorija mjesnih narodnih odbora.
Tijekom sedam godina postojanja mjesni narodni odbori prošli su nekoliko većih teritorijalnih reorganizacija. Iako su u razdoblju 1945-1952. donesena tri zakona o administrativno-teritorijalnim ...podjelama, oni nisu dostatan i pouzdan izvor informacija o svim provedenim teritorijalnim preustrojima. Uvidom u arhivsko gradivo fondova republičkih i područnih organa uprave nadležnih za osnivanja, spajanja i ukidanja mjesnih narodnih odbora, utvrđeno je nekoliko osnovnih etapa u procesu teritorijalnih reorganizacija. Sve provedene reforme karakterizira postupak okrupnjavanja teritorija i reduciranja broja lokalnih jedinica. U članku su prikazana obilježja, razlozi i kriteriji provedenih reorganizacija i rezultati statističke analize procesa amalgamiranja teritorija mjesnih narodnih odbora.
•We have genotyped Coxiella burnetii strains for the first time in Croatia.•For the genotyping we used MLVA.•We have identified 13 novel C. burnetii genotypes that appear to be unique to Croatia.
...Although Q fever affects humans and animals in Croatia, we are unaware of genotyping studies of Croatian strains of the causative pathogen Coxiella burnetii, which would greatly assist monitoring and control efforts. Here 3261 human and animal samples were screened for C. burnetii DNA by conventional PCR, and 335 (10.3%) were positive. Of these positive samples, 82 were genotyped at 17 loci using the relatively new method of multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). We identified 13 C. burnetii genotypes not previously reported anywhere in the world. Two of these 13 genotypes are typical of the continental part of Croatia and share more similarity with genotypes outside Croatia than with genotypes within the country. The remaining 11 novel genotypes are typical of the coastal part of Croatia and show more similarity to one another than to genotypes outside the country. Our findings shed new light on the phylogeny of C. burnetii strains and may help establish MLVA as a standard technique for Coxiella genotyping.
The paper discusses the biological and ecological characteristics and distribution of 12 caddisfly species that have been ascertained to be rare, or even discovered for the first time, in Croatia: ...Rhyacophila palmeni, R. vulgaris, Glosossoma conformis, Wormaldia pulla, Hydroptila forcipata, Plectrocnemia geniculata, Micrasema minimum, Limnephilus graecus, Ceraclea riparia, Oecetis notata, Setodes punctatus, S. bulgaricus. Of these, the species that have been newly established for Croatia are: Plectrocnemia geniculate, Ceraclea riparia, Oecetis notata and Setodes bulgaricus, while the presence of the species Rhyacophila vulgaris, Micrasema minimum and Setodes punctatus has been established with confidence in the Croatian fauna for the first time (precise data of localities).
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