As the co-existence of pernicious anaemia (PA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been repeatedly reported, we have investigated the presence of anti-intrinsic factor antibodies (IFAb), the ...immunological hallmark of PA, in patients diagnosed with SLE. Serum cobalamin levels and IFAb were determined in 30 women diagnosed with SLE as well as in 45 controls. Cobalamin levels were low in 7/30 patients. IFAb were detected in 3/30 sera from patients but in none of the control sera. The presence of IFAb was associated with a low cobalamin concentration, anaemia and macrocytosis in only one patient. There was no evident relationship between the presence of IFAb and serological markers of SLE. We conclude that IFAb may appear in SLE patients, although the cobalamin deficiency described in SLE seems to be due to the presence of IFAb in only a minority of cases.
Evidence is lacking on the possible efficacy and effectiveness of non-occupational postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). However, because of its biological plausibility, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) ...drugs to prevent the development of infection in certain cases of accidental or sporadic exposure has begun to be considered as common clinical practice. Previous studies performed in Spain have demonstrated both the demand and the prescription of ARV as PEP and especially the diversity and inconsistency in the criteria used. In this context, in April of 2000 the Centre for Epidemiological Studies on AIDS of Catalonia (CEESCAT) (Department of Health and Social Security of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia), in collaboration with the National AIDS Plan and the AIDS Study Group (GESIDA), promoted the creation of a working group for the drafting of recommendations for PEP against HIV outside the occupational health context. The recommendations have been made bearing in mind the exceptional character of the exposure, the time elapsed since exposure, as well as evaluation of the risk of infection according to the type of exposure and the information available on the source of infection. In addition, the recommendations include the immediate measures necessary, as well as the preventive measures and clinical follow-up required both for HIV and for other infectious agents. All PEP regimens should be started within 72 hours of exposure and appropriate daily doses of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and a protease inhibitor (PI), or two NRTIs and a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs), should be administered for four weeks, bearing in mind the pharmacological and clinical situation of the source person. These recommendations should be updated periodically.
To evaluate the immunological and virological efficacy of triple combination therapy with zidovudine (ZDV) plus zalcitabine (ddC) plus lamivudine (3TC) and a double (ZDV+3TC) combination therapy in ...patients previously treated with ZDV plus ddC.
A 6-month follow-up open-label randomized study was undertaken in 46 HIV-1-infected patients previously treated for at least 6 months with ZDV plus ddC, who were allocated to receive either ZDV/ddC/3TC (n = 15) or ZDV/3TC (n = 15) or to continue with the ZDV/ddC regimen (control group; n = 16).
Changes in CD4+ cell counts and plasma viral load (VL) were analysed with analysis of variance. Sequencing of the reverse transcriptase gene was performed in a subset of 3TC-treated patients.
Mean CD4+ cell counts increased significantly above baseline in both 3TC regimens whereas counts decreased in the control group. Significant plasma VL reduction was achieved in both 3TC combination therapy groups at weeks 4 and 24 compared with the control group. Coexistence of mutations conferring resistance to ZDV and 3TC were found in patients from both 3TC treatment groups.
Both therapy strategies, switching ddC to 3TC or adding 3TC, significantly improved the virological and immunological efficacy compared with continuing ZDV/ddC. Our results support the use of 3TC in patients previously treated with the ZDV/ddC combination.
Grupo de Consenso Español sobre Profilaxis Postexposición No Ocupacional al Vih. A pesar de la falta de evidencia sobre la eventual eficacia y efectividad de la profilaxis postexposición no ...nosocomial, pero teniendo en cuenta su plausibilidad biológica, el empleo de fármacos antirretrovirales (ARV) en determinadas exposiciones accidentales o esporádicas se ha empezado a considerar una práctica clínica habitual, para evitar el desarrollo de la infección.
Estudios previos realizados en España han puesto de manifiesto tanto la demanda como la dispensación de ARV como profilaxis postexposición y, sobre todo, la diversidad e inconsistencia de los criterios utilizados. En este contexto, el Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics sobre la Sida de Catalunya (CEESCAT) (Departament de Sanitat i Seguretat Social de la Generalitat de Catalunya) en colaboración con el Plan Nacional sobre el Sida y Grupo de estudio de Sida (GESIDA) promovió en abril del 2000 la creación de un grupo de trabajo para la elaboración de unas recomendaciones de profilaxis postexposición al VIH fuera del contexto sanitario. Las recomendaciones se han realizado teniendo en cuenta el carácter excepcional de la exposición, el tiempo transcurrido desde ésta, así como la valoración del riesgo de infección según el tipo de exposición y la información disponible de la fuente de contagio. Las recomendaciones incorporan además las medidas de actuación inmediata necesarias, así como las medidas de prevención y seguimiento clínico necesarias tanto para el VIH como para otros agentes infecciosos. Toda pauta de profilaxis postexposición se ha de iniciar antes de transcurridas 72 h de la exposición, administrándose las dosis diarias adecuadas durante 4 semanas de dos inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa nucleósidos (ITIN) y un inhibidor de la proteasa (IP), o 2 ITIN y un inhibidor de la transcriptasa inversa no nucleósido (ITINN), teniendo en cuenta la situación farmacológica y clínica de la persona fuente. Estas recomendaciones deberán actualizarse periódicamente.
Evidence is lacking on the possible efficacy and effectiveness of non-occupational postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). However, because of its biological plausibility, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to prevent the development of infection in certain cases of accidental or sporadic exposure has begun to be considered as common clinical practice.
Previous studies performed in Spain have demonstrated both the demand and the prescription of ARV as PEP and especially the diversity and inconsistency in the criteria used. In this context, in April of 2000 the Centre for Epidemiological Studies on AIDS of Catalonia (CEESCAT) (Department of Health and Social Security of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia), in collaboration with the National AIDS Plan and the AIDS Study Group (GESIDA), promoted the creation of a working group for the drafting of recommendations for PEP against HIV outside the occupational health context. The recommendations have been made bearing in mind the exceptional character of the exposure, the time elapsed since exposure, as well as evaluation of the risk of infection according to the type of exposure and the information available on the source of infection. In addition, the recommendations include the immediate measures necessary, as well as the preventive measures and clinical follow-up required both for HIV and for other infectious agents. All PEP regimens should be started within 72 hours of exposure and appropriate daily doses of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and a protease inhibitor (PI), or two NRTIs and a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs), should be administered for four weeks, bearing in mind the pharmacological and clinical situation of the source person. These recommendations should be updated periodically.
Tight junctions in the liver are essential to maintain the blood-biliary barrier, however, the functional contribution of individual tight junction proteins to barrier and metabolic homeostasis ...remains largely unexplored. Here, we describe the cell type–specific expression of tight junction genes in the murine liver, and explore the regulation and functional importance of the transmembrane protein claudin-3 in liver metabolism, barrier function, and cell proliferation.
The cell type–specific expression of hepatic tight junction genes is described using our mouse liver single-cell sequencing data set. Differential gene expression in Cldn3-/- and Cldn3+/+ livers was assessed in young and aged mice by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and hepatic tissue was analyzed for lipid content and bile acid composition. A surgical model of partial hepatectomy was used to induce liver cell proliferation.
Claudin-3 is a highly expressed tight junction protein found in the liver and is expressed predominantly in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. The histology of Cldn3-/- livers showed no overt phenotype, and the canalicular tight junctions appeared intact. Nevertheless, by RNA-seq we detected a down-regulation of metabolic pathways in the livers of Cldn3-/- young and aged mice, as well as a decrease in lipid content and a weakened biliary barrier for primary bile acids, such as taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, and taurine-conjugated muricholic acid. Coinciding with defects in the biliary barrier and lower lipid metabolism, there was a diminished hepatocyte proliferative response in Cldn3-/- mice after partial hepatectomy.
Our data show that, in the liver, claudin-3 is necessary to maintain metabolic homeostasis, retention of bile acids, and optimal hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. The RNA-seq data set can be accessed at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE159914.
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Background & Aims: Tight junctions in the liver are essential to maintain the blood-biliary barrier, however, the functional contribution of individual tight junction proteins to barrier and ...metabolic homeostasis remains largely unexplored. Here, we describe the cell type–specific expression of tight junction genes in the murine liver, and explore the regulation and functional importance of the transmembrane protein claudin-3 in liver metabolism, barrier function, and cell proliferation. Methods: The cell type–specific expression of hepatic tight junction genes is described using our mouse liver single-cell sequencing data set. Differential gene expression in Cldn3-/- and Cldn3+/+ livers was assessed in young and aged mice by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and hepatic tissue was analyzed for lipid content and bile acid composition. A surgical model of partial hepatectomy was used to induce liver cell proliferation. Results: Claudin-3 is a highly expressed tight junction protein found in the liver and is expressed predominantly in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. The histology of Cldn3-/- livers showed no overt phenotype, and the canalicular tight junctions appeared intact. Nevertheless, by RNA-seq we detected a down-regulation of metabolic pathways in the livers of Cldn3-/- young and aged mice, as well as a decrease in lipid content and a weakened biliary barrier for primary bile acids, such as taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, and taurine-conjugated muricholic acid. Coinciding with defects in the biliary barrier and lower lipid metabolism, there was a diminished hepatocyte proliferative response in Cldn3-/- mice after partial hepatectomy. Conclusions: Our data show that, in the liver, claudin-3 is necessary to maintain metabolic homeostasis, retention of bile acids, and optimal hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. The RNA-seq data set can be accessed at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE159914.
The collection of samples from HIV-infected patients is the beginning of the chain of translational research. To carry out quality research that could eventually end in a personalized treatment for ...HIV, it is essential to guarantee the availability, quality and traceability of samples, under a strict system of quality management.
The Spanish HIV BioBank was created with the objectives of processing, storing and providing distinct samples from HIV/AIDS patients, categorized according to strictly defined characteristics, free of charge to research projects. Strict compliance to ethical norms is always guaranteed.
At the moment, the HIV BioBank possesses nearly 50,000 vials containing different prospective longitudinal study sample types. More than 1,700 of these samples are now used in 19 national and international research projects.
The HIV BioBank represents a novel approach to HIV research that might be of general interest not only for basic and clinical research teams working on HIV, but also for those groups trying to establish large networks focused on research on specific clinical problems. It also represents a model to stimulate cooperative research among large numbers of research groups working as a network on specific clinical problems. The main objective of this article is to show the structure and function of the HIV BioBank that allow it to very efficiently release samples to different research project not only in Spain but also in other countries.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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