Abstract Objective To prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Ahmed glaucoma valve model M4 (high density porous polyethylene plate; Medpor) compared with the model S2 (polypropylene ...plate). Method Mexican patients with neovascular glaucoma were randomly included for each group (M4 and S2). They were operated on using conventional techniques and creating a sub-episcleral tunnel to place the valve tube in the anterior chamber. After one year of follow-up, the results were evaluated with respect to a post-operative reduction in pressure, changes in visual acuity, the need for drugs, and complications, as well as the demographic characteristics of each group. Each operation using the M4 valve was performed by a single surgeon (FGC). Those operated on using the S2 model had their surgery performed by the staff surgeons at the Glaucoma Department of the Mexican Association to Prevent Blindness (APEC). Results Each group (M4 and S2) contained 21 eyes of 21 Mexican patients with a diagnosis of neovascular glaucoma, leading to a total of 42 patients undergoing surgery. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 43.5 (±11.8), and 42.24 (±12.84) mmHg for the M4 and S2 groups, respectively. After one year of follow-up, the IOP reported was 18.9 (±9.7) mmHg for the final 18 patients in the M4 group, and 16.38 (±9.76) mmHg for the 21 patients in the S2 group. Discussion The design of a drainage valve device such as that of Ahmed has characteristics such as moderate control of IOP, thanks to the valve component in the immediate post-operative period, which makes them safer than other non-valve devices. This avoids an excess of flat chambers and the presence of low IOPs, which can lead to bleeding in the early post-operative period due to the weak desmosomal junctions of the newly formed vessels, with the advantage of maintaining suitable control of IOP from the first day after surgery. Conclusion Further studies with longer follow-up with a larger number of patients are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this porous coating in the control of neovascular glaucoma.
The present study investigated newborns’ ability to discriminate, recognize, and learn visual information embedded in the schematic face-like patterns preferred at birth. Four experiments were ...carried out using the visual-paired comparison paradigm. Results indicated that newborns discriminated face-like stimuli relying on their internal features (Experiments 1 and 4) and recognized a perceptual invariance between face-like configurations in conditions of low (Experiment 2) and high-perceptual variability (Experiment 3) of their inner elements. Altogether, data show that the presence of the preferred structure that schematically defines a face, displaying a triplet of elements in the correct locations for eyes and mouth, does not constitute a limit that constrains newborns’ face learning processes.
Evidence of associations between single nutrients and head and neck cancer (HNC) is still more limited and less consistent than that for fruit and vegetables. However, clarification of the protective ...mechanisms of fruit and vegetables is important to our understanding of HNC etiology. We investigated the association between vitamin C intake from natural sources and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx using individual‐level pooled data from ten case‐control studies (5,959 cases and 12,248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. After harmonization of study‐specific exposure information via the residual method, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models on quintile categories of 'non‐alcohol energy‐adjusted' vitamin C intake. In the presence of heterogeneity of the estimated ORs among studies, we derived those estimates from generalized linear mixed models. Higher intakes of vitamin C were inversely related to oral and pharyngeal (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.45–0.65, for the fifth quintile category versus the first one,
p
for trend<0.001) and laryngeal cancers (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.40–0.68,
p
for trend = 0.006), although in the presence of heterogeneity among studies for both sites. Inverse associations were consistently observed for the anatomical subsites of oral and pharyngeal cancer, and across strata of age, sex, education, body mass index, tobacco, and alcohol, for both cancer sites. The inverse association of vitamin C intake from foods with HNC may reflect a protective effect on these cancers; however, we cannot rule out other explanations.
What's new?
A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is thought to offer protection against head and neck cancers (HNC). However, it has not been clear which specific nutrients might play a role in this effect. In this re‐analysis of several previous studies, the authors found that a higher intake of vitamin C from natural sources was associated with a significantly lower risk of anatomical subsites of HNC.
Evidence of associations between single nutrients and head and neck cancer (HNC) is still more limited and less consistent than that for fruit and vegetables. However, clarification of the protective ...mechanisms of fruit and vegetables is important to our understanding of HNC etiology.
We investigated the association between vitamin C intake from natural sources and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx using individual-level pooled data from ten case-control studies (5959 cases and 12248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. After harmonization of study-specific exposure information via the residual method, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models on quintile categories of ’non-alcohol energy-adjusted’ vitamin C intake. In the presence of heterogeneity of the estimated ORs among studies, we derived those estimates from generalized linear mixed models.
Higher intakes of vitamin C were inversely related to oral and pharyngeal (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.45–0.65, for the fifth quintile category versus the first one, p for trend<0.001) and laryngeal cancers (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.40–0.68, p for trend=0.006), although in the presence of heterogeneity among studies for both sites. Inverse associations were consistently observed for the anatomical subsites of oral and pharyngeal cancer, and across strata of age, sex, education, body mass index, tobacco, and alcohol, for both cancer sites.
The inverse association of vitamin C intake from foods with HNC may reflect a protective effect on these cancers; however, we cannot rule out other explanations.
This study explored newborns' ability to perceive perceptual similarities between different exemplars of 2 broad classes of simple shapes: closed and open geometric forms. Three experiments were ...carried out using a visual paired‐comparison task. Evidence showed that, after familiarization either to closed‐shaped or to open‐shaped forms, newborns manifested a novelty preference for a novel‐category rather than for a familiar‐category exemplar (Experiment 1). This result could not be explained either as a consequence of the newborns' inability to discriminate between instances of the same category of simple geometric forms (Experiment 2), or as a consequence of a spontaneous preference for the novel‐category exemplars (Experiment 3). Overall, findings revealed that newborns are able to form broad categories of distinguishable geometric shapes by relying on the shapes' perceptual similarity.
To prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Ahmed glaucoma valve model M4 (High density porous polyethylene plate; Medpor) compared with the model S2 (polypropylene plate).
Mexican ...patients with neovascular glaucoma were randomly included for each group (M4 and S2). They were operated on using conventional techniques and creating a sub-episcleral tunnel to place the valve tube in the anterior chamber. After one year of follow-up, the results were evaluated with respect to a post-operative reduction in pressure, changes in visual acuity, the need for drugs, and complications, as well as the demographic characteristics of each group. Each operation using the M4 valve was performed by a single surgeon (FGC). Those operated on using the S2 model had their surgery performed by the staff surgeons at the Glaucoma Department of the Mexican Association to Prevent Blindness (APEC).
Each group (M4 and S2) contained 21 eyes of 21 Mexican patients with a diagnosis of neovascular glaucoma, leading to a total of 42 patients undergoing surgery. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 43.5 (±11.8), and 42.24 (±12.84) mmHg for the M4 and S2 groups, respectively. After one year of follow-up, the IOP reported was 18.9 (±9.7) mmHg for the final 18 patients in the M4 group, and 16.38 (±9.76) mmHg for the 21 patients in the S2 group.
The design of a drainage valve device such as that of Ahmed has characteristics such as moderate control of IOP, thanks to the valve component in the immediate post-operative period, which makes them safer than other non-valve devices. This avoids an excess of flat chambers and the presence of low IOPs, which can lead to bleeding in the early post-operative period due to the weak desmosomal junctions of the newly formed vessels, with the advantage of maintaining suitable control of IOP from the first day after surgery.
Further studies with longer follow-up with a larger number of patients are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this porous coating in the control of neovascular glaucoma.
Switching prostaglandin analogs and 24-h IOP fluctuations Gil-Carrasco, F; Turati-Acosta, M; Albis-Donado, O ...
Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English ed.),
April 2013, Letnik:
88, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract Objectives To evaluate the fluctuations in 24 h mean intraocular pressure (IOP) when switching prostaglandin analogs in patients with glaucoma. Methods Fourteen patients with primary open ...angle glaucoma were evaluated with monthly 24-h IOP curves, using a monthly switching pattern of prostaglandin analogs and brinzolamide during 3 years of follow-up. Results Average IOP and average fluctuation (peak to through difference) were significantly higher with brinzolamide than with any of the analogs. There was no significant difference in either parameter with the different prostaglandin analogs, regardless of the order in which they were evaluated, or even if a month on brinzolamide was intercalated between the analogs. Conclusions Brinzolamide was less effective than prostaglandin analogs in reducing 24-h mean IOP and its fluctuations. Switching analogs had no significant effect on mean IOP or mean IOP fluctuations.
To evaluate the fluctuations in 24h mean intraocular pressure (IOP) when switching prostaglandin analogues in patients with glaucoma.
Fourteen patients with primary open angle glaucoma were evaluated ...with monthly 24-hour IOP curves, using a monthly switching pattern of prostaglandin analogues and brinzolamide during 3 years of follow-up.
Average IOP and average fluctuation (peak to through difference) were significantly higher with brinzolamide than with any of the analogues. There was no significant difference in either parameter with the different prostaglandin analogues, regardless of the order in which they were evaluated, or even if a month on brinzolamide was intercalated between the analogues.
Brinzolamide was less effective than prostaglandin analogues in reducing 24-hour mean IOP and its fluctuations. Switching analogues had no significant effect on mean IOP or mean IOP fluctuations.
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