We examined transgenerational effects of maternal childhood adversity on child temperament and a functional promoter polymorphism, 5‐HTTLPR, in the serotonin‐transporter gene (SLC6A4) as potential ...moderators of such maternal influences in 154 mother–child dyads, recruited into a longitudinal birth cohort study. We examined the interactive effects of maternal childhood experience using an integrated measure derived from Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Parental Bonding Index (PBI). Triallelic genotyping of 5‐HTTLPR was performed. A measure of ‘negative emotionality/behavioural dysregulation’ was derived from the Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire at 18 and 36 months. Negative emotionality/behavioural dysregulation was highly stable between 18 and 36 months and predicted psychosocial problems at 60 months. After controlling multiple demographics as well as both previous and concurrent maternal depression there was a significant interaction effect of maternal childhood adversity and offspring 5‐HTTLPR genotype on child negative emotionality/behavioural dysregulation (β = 1.03, t11,115 = 2.71, P < .01). The results suggest a transgenerational effect of maternal developmental history on emotional function in the offspring, describing a pathway that likely contributes to the familial transmission of vulnerability for psychopathology.
While there is a wide body of literature addressing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) independently, relatively few studies have considered the combined effects ...of noise and vibration. These studies have suggested an increased risk of NIHL in workers with vibration white finger (VWF), though the relationship remains poorly understood.
To determine whether hearing impairment is worse in noise-exposed workers with VWF than in workers with similar noise exposures but without VWF.
The Quebec National Institute of Public Health audiometric database was used in conjunction with work-related accident and occupational diseases data from the Quebec workers' compensation board to analyse differences in audiometry results between vibration-exposed workers in the mining and forestry industries and the overall source population, and between mining and forestry workers with documented VWF and those without VWF. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 7029 standards were used to calculate hearing loss not attributable to age.
15751 vibration-exposed workers were identified in an overall source population of 59339. Workers with VWF (n = 96) had significantly worse hearing at every frequency studied (500, 1000, 2000 4000 Hz) compared with other mining and forestry workers without VWF.
This study confirms previous findings of greater hearing loss at higher frequencies in workers with VWF, but also found a significant difference in hearing loss at low frequencies. It therefore supports the association between combined noise and hand-arm vibration (HAV) exposure and NIHL.
Once and Again Unternaehrer, Eva; Cost, Katherine Tombeau; Jonas, Wibke ...
Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.),
12/2019, Letnik:
30, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Animal and human studies suggest that parenting style is transmitted from one generation to the next. The hypotheses of this study were that (1) a mother’s rearing experiences (G1) would predict her ...own parenting resources (G2) and (2) current maternal mood, motivation to care for her offspring, and relationship with her parents would underlie this association. In a subsample of 201 first-time mothers participating in the longitudinal Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment project, we assessed a mother’s own childhood maltreatment and rearing experiences (G1) using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Parental Bonding Instrument. At 6 months postpartum, mothers completed questionnaires on parenting stress (G2), symptoms of depression, maternal motivation, and current relationship with their own parents. The sample consisted of mostly high socioeconomic status mothers recruited from Montréal (
n
= 135) or Hamilton (
n
= 66), Canada, with an age range from 18 to 43 years (
M
= 29.41,
SD
= 4.85 years). More severe maltreatment and less supportive rearing by the mother’s parents (G1) predicted increased parenting stress at 6 months (G2). These associations were mediated through distinct psychosocial pathways: maltreatment (G1) on parenting stress (G2) through symptoms of depression (
Z
= 2.297;
p
= .022); maternal rearing (G1) on parenting stress (G2) through maternal motivation (
Z
= −2.155;
p
= .031) and symptoms of depression (
Z
= −1.842;
p
= .065); and paternal rearing (G1) on parenting stress (G2) through current relationship with the father (
Z
= −2.617;
p
= .009). Maternal rearing experiences predict a mother’s own parenting resources though distinct psychosocial pathways, including depressed mood, maternal motivation, and social support.
Cosmic-ray tests of the DØ preshower detector Baringer, P; Bross, A; Buescher, V ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2001, Letnik:
469, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The DØ preshower detector consists of scintillator strips with embedded wavelength-shifting fibers, and a readout using Visible Light Photon Counters. The response to minimum ionizing particles has ...been tested with cosmic-ray muons. We report results on the gain calibration and light-yield distributions. The spatial resolution is investigated taking into account the light sharing between strips, the effects of multiple scattering and various systematic uncertainties. The detection efficiency and noise contamination are also investigated.
Over the past decade, clinical studies and clinical practice guidelines have suggested the use of higher small solute clearance targets for patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study asks ...whether these recommendations have translated into changes in clinical prescription of PD.
Data were collected annually from 1996 to 1999 on all prevalent dialysis patients in 24 Canadian centers, accounting for approximately 40% of the Canadian chronic dialysis population. Approximately a third of these patients were on PD. Full details of each patient's prescription were recorded, with particular attention to dwell volumes and frequency of exchanges for continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) and to total treatment volumes and day dwells for automated PD (APD). The most recent Kt/V and creatinine clearance values available were recorded for each patient and the overall results for each year were compared to present treatment recommendations.
24 university- and community-based hospitals.
From 1996 to 1999, the use of APD, relative to CAPD, grew from 14% to 28% of all PD patients. Among CAPD patients, the proportion using dwell volumes greater than 2 L rose from 14% to 32%, and the proportion doing more than 4 dwells per day rose from 16% to 28%. The mean daily volume of prescribed fluid for CAPD patients increased from 8.3 to 9.1 L. As a result, the proportion of patients achieving a weekly Kt/V above 2.0 rose from 54% to 72%, and those receiving a Kt/V less than 1.7 fell from 22% to 10%. For creatinine clearance, those exceeding 60 L per week rose from 63% to 73%. For APD, the mean treatment volume rose from 11.8 L in 1996 to plateau at about 13.4 L in 1998 and 1999. However, the proportion of patients receiving more than 1 day dwell grew from 31% in 1998 to 40% in 1999, and the proportion that were "day dry" fell from 25% to 17%. For APD, the proportion of patients with a Kt/V above 2.0 rose from 67% to 77%, and with a creatinine clearance above 60 L, from 62% to 70%. The proportion with no recent clearance value recorded fell during the course of the study, from 45% to 27%.
There was a marked change in PD prescription practices in Canada during the second half of the 1990s. This occurred in response to clinical studies and publication of guidelines. There is room for further improvement, especially with respect to the proportion of patients that did not have regular clearance measurements made.
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