Earthen waste-storage structures are uncovered earthen impoundments constructed from native materials on-site, rather than from concrete or imported materials. The structures are designed typically ...to hold six to eight months of animal waste prior to land-spreading. The potential impacts of these structures on water resources in different hydrogeologic settings in Iowa were examined, using data on earthen waste-storage structures permitted between 1987 and 1994. Forty sites were selected for the study, and at each, digital soil data, county soil survey data, topographic and geologic maps, and aerial photographs were used to interpret the hydrogeologic setting. Analysis of the data revealed that 41% of the structures were constructed in till, and 62 and 18% overlaid confined aquifers and alluvial aquifers, respectively. Most of the structure excavations were below or in contact with the water table at the time of their construction. While 71% of the structures were surrounded by manure-spreading areas where less than 10% of the area may have been flooded frequently, 29% had such areas where greater than 10% may have been flooded frequently. While results from statistical analyses suggested that neither the type of surficial materials nor the underlying aquifer affected the magnitude of leakage rates, the median leakage rate in the sample was much greater that more recent rules allow.
We assessed shorebird use of artificial wetlands within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley during the winters of 1991–1992 and 1992–1993 and during the autumn of 1994. On agricultural fields managed to ...provide habitat for waterfowl from November to March, mean shorebird density was 58.6 birds/100 ha, but shorebird densities were greater on soybean fields than on rice or moist-soil fields. Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) and common snipe (Gallinago gallinago) were common throughout winter, but shorebird abundance and species richness along survey routes increased from November through April. During the late summer and autumn, wetlands on public lands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley are managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service specifically to provide foraging habitat for shorebirds. From August through October 1994, we observed 14,564 individual shorebirds of 22 species using these anthropogenic wetlands. Mean shorebird density on wetlands managed by flooding previously dry, disked fields was 695 birds/100 ha, whereas mean density on wetlands managed by drawing down water reservoirs was 1224 birds/100 ha. We recommend increased shallow-water flooding of agricultural fields, particularly soybean fields, during winter to provide habitat for wintering and early spring migrant shorebirds. More importantly, we recommend continued water management on public wetlands from July through October, preferably by drawing down water reservoirs, to provide foraging habitat for southward migrating shorebirds.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Management of lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis in a dog with whipworm infestation, hypoproteinemia, and ascites is described. Short-term parenteral nutrition hastened normalization of serum ...proteins, resolution of diarrhea, and weight gain. A description of the potential benefits, limitations, and possible complications of parenteral nutrition in refractory inflammatory bowel disease is given.
Short-term, within one 24-hour day (diurnal period) within-person changes of the principal blood count analytes in healthy subjects were studied at three major institutions. The results from each ...test site were indistinguishable and were therefore combined to make a database of 96 healthy subjects. Analytical imprecision of each analyte was subtracted from the total observed variation to give true diurnal change. Each analyte showed characteristic changes. As would be expected, cellular properties of erythrocytes, such as MCV (mean cell volume) and MCH (mean cell hemoglobin) showed negligible change. The red cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin showed changes that were consistent with fluid balance change. Total white cell count and some differential count components showed major changes that raised questions of the confidence limits of clinical decision levels and the validity of commonly used reference intervals. Platelet count changes were typically less than analytic imprecision, suggesting the need for improvement in this aspect of analyzer performance.
This study was designed to determine the ability of physicians to predict complications associated with the placement of central venous access devices and to decide whether a confirmatory chest ...radiograph is warranted after placement.
Patients receiving central venous access on an inpatient and outpatient gynecologic oncology service were studied. Data were collected regarding patient demographics, patient history, procedural details of the placement, and the type of catheter used. The physician then predicted which patients had a reasonable potential for placement complications. All of the patients then underwent radiography, which was then compared with the original prediction.
Ninety-eight patients who had central venous access devices placed were included in the study. Eighty of the 81 central lines thought by the practitioner to have been placed without incident caused no significant complications; one individual in this group had a minor pneumothorax. Two of 17 patients predicted to have complications were noted to have a pneumothorax that required hospitalization. No patients in the low-risk group were hospitalized for a placement complication, whereas two hospitalizations occurred in the high-risk group.
Confirmatory chest radiographs may potentially be omitted in certain cases after line placement when experienced clinicians use good technique, good clinical judgment, and discrimination.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Age-Class Separation of Blue-Winged Ducks Hohman, William L.; Moore, Joseph L.; Twedt, Daniel J. ...
The Journal of wildlife management,
10/1995, Letnik:
59, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Accurate determination of age is of fundamental importance to population and life history studies of waterfowl and their management. Therefore, we developed quantitative methods that separate adult ...and immature blue-winged teal (Anas discors), cinnamon teal (A. cyanoptera), and northern shovelers (A. clypeata) during spring and summer. To assess suitability of discriminant models using 9 remigial measurements, we compared model performance (% agreement between predicted age and age assigned to birds on the basis of definitive cloacal or rectral feather characteristics) in different flyways (Mississippi and Pacific) and between years (1990-91 and 1991-92). We also applied age-classification models to wings obtained from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service harvest surveys in the Mississippi and Central-Pacific flyways (wing-bees) for which age had been determined using qualitative characteristics (i.e., remigial markings, shape, or wear). Except for male northern shovelers, models correctly aged <90% (range 70-86%) of blue-winged ducks. Model performance varied among species and differed between sexes and years. Proportions of individuals that were correctly aged were greater for males (range 63-86%) than females (range 39-69%). Models for northern shovelers performed better in flyway comparisons within year (1991-92, La. model applied to Calif. birds, and Calif. model applied to La. birds: 90 and 94% for M, and 89 and 76% for F, respectively) than in annual comparisons within the Mississippi Flyway (1991-92 model applied to 1990-91 data: 79% for M, 50% for F). Exclusion of measurements that varied by flyway or year did not improve model performance. Quantitative methods appear to be of limited value for age separation of female blue-winged ducks. Close agreement between predicted age and age assigned to wings from the wing-bees suggests that qualitative and quantitative methods may be equally accurate for age separation of male blue-winged ducks. We interpret annual and flyway differences in remigial measurements and reduced performance of age classification models as evidence of high variability in size of blue-winged ducks' remiges. Variability in remigial size of these and other small-bodied waterfowl may be related to nutrition during molt.
Dogs with mast cell tumors (MCT) are often affected with paraneoplastic syndromes such as gastrointestinal ulceration. The mechanism of ulceration is believed to be related to hyperhistaminemia. To ...test this hypothesis, plasma histamine and gastrin concentrations were measured in 17 dogs with MCT. Plasma histamine concentrations in dogs with MCT were significantly higher than those in normal dogs. Conversely, plasma gastrin concentrations in dogs with MCT were significantly lower than gastrin concentrations in normal dogs. Additionally, plasma gastrin concentrations were inversely related to plasma histamine concentrations, which provided indirect evidence for the presence of hyperacidity secondary to hyperhistaminemia (r2= 57.7). Plasma histamine and plasma gastrin concentrations were not related to clinical stage of disease, tumor histologic grade, or tumor size. Median survival time was 245 days, with a range of 90 to 1315 days. Because the degree of hyperhistaminemia could not be predicted in this study from the clinical stage, histologic grade, or tumor size, these data suggest that hyperhistaminemia may occur in any dog with MCT.
Extract: The thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes associated with a milkborne outbreak of listeriosis was stable over a 2-year period and could not be altered by selecting heat-stressed ...survivors. The rate of inactivation was linear and did not differ significantly between pH 5.5 and 9.0. When portions of whole milk containing 10,000 cells of L. monocytogenes/ml were heated at seven temperatures from 52.2 to 74.4 deg C, the D-values ranged from 1683.7 to 0.7 s, respectively. The zD-value was 6.3 deg C. The D-value at 71.7 deg C was 0.9 s. L. monocytogenes would not survive the pasteurization process. (author)
Microcytosis is common in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (PSS) and acquired liver disease. The objective of this study was to determine if microcytosis could be induced in normal dogs by ...surgical creation of PSS, and to characterize the changes in hematology and iron status. Hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, and mean cell hemoglobin concentration decreased linearly from 45.5%. 69.1 fL, 22.8 g/dL and 33.1% to 39.5%. 55.9 fL, 17.8 g/dL and 31.9%. respectively, 18 weeks after creation of PSS. The erythrocyte count did not change, but red cell distribution widths indicated a shift to a heterogenous population with decreased volume. Mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin decreased rapidly after induction of PSS and were significantly (P < .05) different from presurgery values within 2 weeks. Serum iron and copper concentrations and total iron binding capacity were decreased in dogs with PSS. Liver iron concentration doubled after creation of PSS, with the majority of stainable iron located in Kupffer cells. The changes in erythrocyte indices and measures of iron status in dogs with surgically induced PSS were similar to those in dogs with congenital PSS. Microcytosis developed rapidly in dogs after induction of PSS. These results indicate that iron deficiency was not the cause of microcytosis in these dogs.
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