This study tests whether accurate dating by AMS radiocarbon wiggle-matching short tree-ring series (c. 30 annual rings) in the period after AD 1510 can be achieved routinely. Such an approach has ...proved problematic for some intervals in the period AD 1160–1541 (Bayliss et al., 2017), which are before single-year calibration data are available (Stuiver, 1993). We suggest that such calibration data are essential if this approach is to be employed for the informed conservation of standing buildings.
This study tested whether accurate dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon wiggle-matching of short tree-ring series (~30 annual rings) in the Medieval period could be achieved. ...Scientific dating plays a central role in the conservation of historic buildings in England. Precise dating helps assess the significance of particular buildings or elements of their fabric, thus allowing us to make informed decisions about their repair and protection. Consequently, considerable weight, both financial and legal, can be attached to the precision and accuracy of this dating. Dendrochronology is the method of choice, but in a proportion of cases this is unable to provide calendar dates. Hence, we would like to be able to use 14C wiggle-matching to provide a comparable level of precision and reliability, particularly on shorter tree-ring sequences (~30 annual growth rings) that up until now would not routinely be sampled. We present the results of AMS wiggle-matching five oak tree-ring sequences, spanning the period covered by the vast majority of surviving Medieval buildings in England (about AD 1180–1540) when currently we have only decadal and bidecadal calibration data.
Abstract
This study tested whether accurate dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon wiggle-matching of short tree-ring series (~30 annual rings) in the Medieval period could be ...achieved. Scientific dating plays a central role in the conservation of historic buildings in England. Precise dating helps assess the significance of particular buildings or elements of their fabric, thus allowing us to make informed decisions about their repair and protection. Consequently, considerable weight, both financial and legal, can be attached to the precision and accuracy of this dating. Dendrochronology is the method of choice, but in a proportion of cases this is unable to provide calendar dates. Hence, we would like to be able to use
14
C wiggle-matching to provide a comparable level of precision and reliability, particularly on shorter tree-ring sequences (~30 annual growth rings) that up until now would not routinely be sampled. We present the results of AMS wiggle-matching five oak tree-ring sequences, spanning the period covered by the vast majority of surviving Medieval buildings in England (about AD 1180–1540) when currently we have only decadal and bidecadal calibration data.
Three studies examined whether the specificity with which people retrieve episodes from their past determines the specificity with which they imagine the future. In the first study, suicidal patients ...and nondepressed controls generated autobiographical events and possible future events in response to cues. Suicidal subjects' memory and future responses were more generic, and specificity level for the past and the future was significantly correlated for both groups. In the second and third studies, the effect of experimental manipulation of retrieval style was examined by instructing subjects to retrieve specific events or summaries of events from their past (Experiment 2) or by giving high- or low-imageable words to cue memories (Experiment 3). Results showed that induction of a generic retrieval style reduced the specificity of images of the future. It is suggested that the association between memory retrieval and future imaging arises because the intermediate descriptions used in searching autobiographical memory are also used to generate images of possible events in the future.
This project was designed to improve our understanding of First World War National Factories. These factories were directly controlled by the Ministry of Munitions to produce vital war material, ...everything from wooden boxes, respirators, shells, and explosives to optical glass and vehicle radiators. Many were adapted from existing works, while others were located in specially designed factories. Some were finished to high architectural standards and followed the latest thinking in factory design and the provision of welfare facilities. In some instances associated housing was included. This report will discuss the historic context of the National Factories, the types of factories created, their layouts and architectural form. It will also explore their social history, including evidence for the organisation of work, welfare provision and, briefly, associated housing. It will also document each factory and produce short desk-based assessments of the extant factories. These may be used to recommend better levels of protection, raise public awareness, enhance management information, and identify any significant and undesignated sites as well as knowledge and protection gaps.
Assessment of dendrochronological potential was undertaken on the main barn and a number of outbuildings attached to it. Only the primary phase of the main barn proved to have suitable timbers of ...which 11 were sampled. Seven of the samples were successfully dated producing a site chronology spanning the period AD 1441- 1522. One sample retained complete sapwood, this indicating that the timber was derived from a tree felled in winter AD 1522/23. The other dated timbers appear to form a coherent group, most likely felled at a the same time, or within a short period of time. It seems likely, therefore, that the barn was constructed, shortly after felling,in AD 1523 or within a year of two after this date.
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