Background
The therapeutic role and prognostic relevance of lymphadenectomy in mast cell tumor (MCT) has historically been evaluated on regional rather than sentinel lymph nodes.
...Hypothesis/Objectives
To update information about the association of histological nodal (HN) classes with clinical outcome in dogs with MCT after tumor excision and extirpation of normal‐sized sentinel nodes (SLN) guided by radiopharmaceutical.
Animals
Ninety‐four dogs with histologically‐confirmed treatment‐naïve MCT (71 cutaneous, 22 subcutaneous and 1 conjunctival MCT) were included if without: distant metastases, lymphadenomegaly, concurrent mixed cutaneous, and subcutaneous MCT.
Methods
This was a monoistitutional cohort study. Tumors characteristics were retrieved and SLNs were classified according to Weishaar's system. Incidence of MCT‐related events (local, nodal, distant relapse), de novo MCT or other tumors and death (MCT‐related and non‐MCT‐related), were recorded. Incidence curves were compared among the HN classes.
Results
Twenty‐seven dogs had HN0, 19 HN1, 37 HN2, and 11 HN3 SLN. Thirteen (2 HN0, 4 HN2, and 7 HN3) received adjuvant chemotherapies. Kiupel high grade, increasing number of SLN and lymphocentrums were associated with higher HN classes. Five dogs died for MCT‐related causes: 1 low‐grade (HN0) and 1 subcutaneous (HN3) had a local relapse, 2 high‐grade had distant relapse (HN3‐HN0) and 1 dog developed disease progression from a de novo subcutaneous MCT. No nodal relapse was registered. Fourteen dogs developed de novo MCTs.
Conclusion/Discussion
Low grade/low‐risk MCT with nonpalpable and normal sized SLN have a favorable outcome independently from the HN. Result should be considered strictly related to the successful SLN detection guided pre‐ and intraoperative by radiopharmaceutical markers.
Methylene Blue (MB) is combined with radiopharmaceutical for intraoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping, but its role during SLN extirpation has not been investigated yet in veterinary ...medicine. The aim of this study was to assess whether MB increased surgical detection of SLN beyond the use of intraoperative gamma-probe (IGP) alone in clinically node-negative dogs with mast cell tumors (MCTs) following the detection of sentinel lymphocentrums (SLCs) via preoperative planar lymphoscintigraphy. Dogs enrolled underwent MCT excision and SLC exploration guided by both MB and IGP. Data recorded for each SLN were staining (blue/non-blue), radioactivity (hot/non-hot), and histopathological status (HN0-1 vs. HN2-3). A total of 103 dogs bearing 80 cutaneous, 35 subcutaneous, and 1 mucocutaneous MCTs were included; 140 SLCs were explored, for a total of 196 SLNs removed. Associating MB with IGP raised the SLNs detection rate from 90% to 95%. A total of 44% of SLNs were metastatic: 86% were blue/hot, 7% were only blue, 5% were only hot, and 2% were non-blue/non-hot. All HN3 SLNs were hot. Combining MB with IGP can increase the rate of SLN detection in dogs with MCTs; nonetheless, all lymph nodes identified during dissection should be removed, as they might be unstained but metastatic.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a solid tumor of granulocytic origin with extramedullary localization. This tumor is rare in humans and animals. The diagnostic approach is heterogeneous, and the definitive ...diagnosis may be difficult to achieve. Primary MS has never been described as a spontaneous neoplasm in companion dogs. Two purebred and 1 mixed-breed dogs, 6- to 11-year-old, developed round cell tumors in the mediastinum, lymph nodes (LNs) and tonsils, and LNs, respectively. Granulocytic origin and exclusion of lymphoid lineage were confirmed by flow cytometry, supported by immunohistochemistry or immunocytochemistry. Pivotal to the diagnosis were positive labeling for myeloid (CD11b, CD14) and hematopoietic precursors (CD34) markers, along with negative labeling for lymphoid markers. Blood and bone marrow infiltration were not detected at initial diagnosis, excluding acute myeloid leukemia. The behavior of these tumors was aggressive, resulting in poor clinical outcomes, even when chemotherapy was attempted.
Poisoning by avocado (Persea americana) has been confirmed in sheep, goats, dogs, rabbits and ostriches. The clinical signs and lesions are attributed to the acetogenin, persin. Little is known ...regarding the epidemiology, clinical signs, lesions and therapy caused by acetogenin–induced heart damage. During the two–year study, we investigated a horse farm with six horses that often fed themselves with P. americana leaves or mature fruit pulp and skin on the ground. Two horses died, and one underwent necropsy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry using the anti–cardiac troponin C (cTnC). Grossly and histopathologically, there was severe cardiac fibroplasia. Immunohistochemically, there was a multifocal decrease or negative expression in the cTnC cardiomyocytes' cytoplasm. Persea americana leaves were confirmed in the alimentary tract using botanical anatomy and molecular techniques. The chemical investigation by (LC–ESI–MS) revealed the presence of the acetogenins, persin and avocadene 1–acetate from P. americana. Persin was present in leaves and fruits (seed and pulp), while avocadene 1–acetate was found in leaves and fruits (seed, peel, and pulp) with a higher concentration in the pulp. Four other horses have been examined by electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and serum Troponin 1 (cTnI). To establish a causal effect of consumption of P. Americana and heart fibroplasia in horses, long-time experiments must be carried out.
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•Avocado (Persea americana) contains the acetogenins, persin and avocadene 1-acetogen.•Horses readily consume the leaves and fruits of avocados.•P. americana poisoning causes myocardial lesions and clinical signs in horses.•The sampling of gastrointestinal ingesta is essential for the diagnosis of poisoning.•The cultivars Reed, Margarina and Fortuna contain high levels of acetogenin.
Abstract
Native to the neotropics, the avocado seed moth Stenoma catenifer Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) is a specialist pest of the family Lauraceae and considered one of the most important ...pests of avocados worldwide. However, little is known regarding its spatial distribution within a single tree. Therefore, we designed a study to evaluate the effects of canopy height and aspect (i.e., side of the tree) on fruit infestation by S. catenifer larvae in avocados. The study was conducted in three commercial organic avocado orchards located in São Paulo, Brazil. At each orchard, 40 fruit from 30 random trees were sampled weekly from October 2017 through February 2018, evaluating the number of fruits infested by S. catenifer larvae at three tree heights (bottom, middle, and top). In addition, fruits on the ground were also sampled. We also evaluated the effect of the side of the tree where the fruits were collected, i.e., whether they were on the side facing the east (sunrise) or the west (sunset). Within the avocado canopy, the level of fruit infestation by S. catenifer larvae was significantly higher at the top of the trees than in the middle and bottom. Fruit on the ground had lower levels of infestation than those on the tree canopy. The level of fruit infestation was also higher on the side of avocado trees facing the east (sunrise). Understanding the within-tree distribution of S. catenifer will help to better target monitoring and control activities against this pest in avocados.
Fifteen new multifunctional conjugates were designed and synthesized by chemically linking the steroidal framework of natural occurring γ-oryzanol and γ-oryzanol-derived phytosterols to a wide range ...of bioactive natural compounds (fatty acids, phenolic acids, amino acids, lipoic acid, retinoic acid, curcumin, and resveratrol). Starting from γ-oryzanol, which is the main component of rice bran oil, this study was aimed at assessing if the conjugation strategy might enhance some γ-oryzanol bioactivities. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through three different mechanisms, namely, DPPH-scavenging activity, metal-chelating activity, and β-carotene-bleaching inhibition. Measurement of the in vitro cell growth inhibitory effects on three different human cancer cellular lines was also carried out, and the potential hypocholesterolemic effect was studied. Compounds 10 and 15 displayed an improved antioxidant activity, with respect to that of γ-oryzanol. Compounds 2, 6, and 12 exerted an antiproliferative activity in the low micromolar range against HeLa and DAOY cells (GI50 < 10 μM). As for the claimed hypocholesterolemic effect of γ-oryzanol, none of the synthesized compounds inhibited the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.
•Immobilized PyNP from B. subtilis and TP from E. coli catalyze the synthesis of 5-halogenated pyrimidine 2′-deoxynucleosides.•Differences between the enzymes cannot be seen in substrate specificity ...but in bioconversion rate.•The synthesis of floxuridine is catalyzed up to 73–76% conversion in fully aqueous medium, pH 7.5 and room temperature.•Immobilized enzymes are very stable in MeCN and DMF.•Both biocatalysts appear to be promising in the large scale synthesis of base-modified pyrimidine nucleosides.
Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase from Bacillus subtilis (BsPyNP, E.C. 2.4.2.3) and thymidine phosphorylase from Escherichia coli (EcTP, E.C. 2.4.2.4) were used, as immobilized enzymes, in the synthesis of 5-halogenated pyrimidine 2′-deoxyribonucleosides (14–18) by transglycosylation in fully aqueous medium. From the comparative study of the two biocatalysts, no remarkable differences emerged about their substrate specificity, bioconversion yield, stability in organic cosolvents (DMF and MeCN). Moreover, both biocatalysts could be recycled for at least 5 times with no loss of the productivity.
Both enzymes do not accept arabinonucleosides and 2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides as substrates, whereas they catalyze bioconversions involving 5′-deoxyribonucleosides and 5-halogenated uracils. The synthesis of compounds 14–18 proceeded at a similar conversion (33–68% for BsPyNP and 25–62% for EcTP, respectively). Immobilization was found to exert, for both the biocatalysts, a dramatic enhancement of stability upon incubation in MeCN.
Optimization of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (14) synthesis (pH 7.5, 10mM phosphate buffer, nucleoside/nucleobase 3:1 molar ratio) and subsequent scale-up afforded the target compound in 73% (EcTP) or 76% (BsPyNP) conversion (about 9g/L).
Objective
To investigate predictors of response, remission, low disease activity, damage, and drug discontinuation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were treated with belimumab.
...Methods
In this retrospective study of a multicenter cohort of SLE patients who received intravenous belimumab, the proportion of patients who achieved remission, low disease activity, and treatment response according to the SLE Responder Index 4 (SRI‐4) was determined, and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI) was used to score disease damage yearly over the follow‐up. Predictors of outcomes were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression with the results expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
Results
The study included 466 patients with active SLE from 24 Italian centers, with a median follow‐up period of 18 months (range 1–60 months). An SRI‐4 response was achieved by 49.2%, 61.3%, 69.7%, 69.6%, and 66.7% of patients at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months, respectively. Baseline predictors of response at 6 months included a score of ≥10 on the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI‐2K) (OR 3.14 95% CI 2.033–4.860) and a disease duration of ≤2 years (OR 1.94 95% CI 1.078‐3.473). Baseline predictors of response at 12 months included a score of ≥10 on the SLEDAI‐2K (OR 3.48 95% CI 2.004–6.025) and an SDI score of 0 (OR 1.74 95% CI 1.036–2.923). Baseline predictors of response at 24 months included a score of ≥10 on the SLEDAI‐2K (OR 4.25 95% CI 2.018–8.940) and a disease duration of ≤2 years (OR 3.79 95% CI 1.039–13.52). Baseline predictors of response at 36 months included a score of ≥10 on the SLEDAI‐2K (OR 14.59 95% CI 3.54–59.79) and baseline status of current smoker (OR 0.19 95% CI 0.039–0.69). Patients who were in remission for ≥25% of the follow‐up period (44.3%) or who had low disease activity for ≥50% of the follow‐up period (66.1%) accrued significantly less damage (P = 0.046 and P = 0.007). A baseline SDI score of 0 was an independent predictor of achieving low disease activity in ≥50% of the follow‐up period and remission in ≥25% of the follow‐up period. Our findings suggest that the lower the baseline damage, the greater the probability of achieving remission over the course of ≥25% of the follow‐up. Further, there was a negative association between the number of flares reported prior to belimumab initiation and the frequency of belimumab discontinuation due to inefficacy (P = 0.009).
Conclusion
In patients with active SLE and low damage at baseline, treatment with belimumab early in the disease may lead to favorable outcomes in a real‐life setting.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of the disease coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in humans. SARS-CoV-2 has been identified in cats with or without ...clinical signs.
We describe the pathological and molecular findings in a six-month-old asymptomatic cat with SARS-CoV-2 infection from Brazil, belonging to a human family with COVID-19 cases. The pool of nasopharynx and oropharynx swabs at day zero tested positive by RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2. No amplification resulted from molecular testing performed on days 7 and 14. The cat was hit by a car and died 43 days after the molecular diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry at
examination demonstrated nucleocapsid protein in samples from the lungs, kidneys, nasal conchae, trachea, intestine, brain and spleen.
The present study has highlighted the possibility that viral antigens can be detected by immunohistochemistry in multiple organs six weeks after infection, although the same tissues tested negative by RT-PCR.
e16110 Background: The optimal management of locally advanced gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (LAGEJad) is not fully established yet. Both neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and ...perioperative taxane-based triplet chemotherapy (CT) are acknowledged treatment options for Siewert I and II cancers. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the safety and outcomes of an intensified preoperative regimen combining taxane-based triplet CT and CRT. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a cohort comprising 16 consecutive HER2 negative patients (pts) with LAGEJad treated at the Centro di Riferimento Oncologico of Aviano between 2019 and 2022. All pts received induction CT (iCT) consisting of fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin and docetaxel, followed by CRT (45Gy/25Fr) with simultaneous boost and concomitant CT. Surgery (Ivor-Lewis or McKeown) was performed 8 weeks post-CRT. Clinico-pathological (CP) and treatment features were analyzed using logistic regression to assess their association with response to iCT-CRT. The association of iCT-CRT with survival outcomes was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Key CP data are summarized in Table 1. Median age was 59 years, all pts were male. At diagnosis, 81.2% of pts exhibited cT3+ and cN+ disease. All pts received iCT and CRT. The rate of partial responses was 50% after iCT and 68.8% after CRT. Overall, 12 pts underwent surgery, all achieving R0 resections within a median timeframe of 9 8.5;11 weeks post-CRT. Among them, 25% had a pathologic complete response, while 62.5% attained a Mandard tumor regression grade (TRG) of 1-2. No new safety signals emerged from iCT (only 2 pts had ≥G3 diarrhea) or CRT (≥G3 mucositis occurred in 6.2% and anemia in 6.2% of pts). No significant surgical delays were observed, although 5 pts experienced post-operative complications (4 grade I, 1 grade IIa). There were no statistically significant associations between CP variables and response to the iCT-CRT. Relapses were seen in 8 pts (2 locoregionally); 3-year survival was 46%. Median event-free survival was 5 5;11 months, while median overall survival 34 14;NR months. Conclusions: The intensification of preoperative treatment in pts with LAGEJad is active and safe: the surgical schedule was not significantly delayed, and the safety profile remained comparable to standard regimens, with no major complications reported. Randomized clinical trials are ongoing to assess the clinical benefits of this approach. Table: see text
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