Parental and peer support can foster adolescents' activity behaviours; however, little is known about how such support are linked with adolescents' active lifestyle in non-Western settings. The study ...aimed to explore associations of parental and peer support with an active lifestyle of adolescents in Malaysia.
This is a cross-sectional study.
We used data from the 2012 Malaysian Global School-based Student Health Survey, which covered adolescents aged 11–17 years (51% girls). Adolescents were asked about their physical activity, sitting time, and levels of parental and peer support. Participants with ≥60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day and ≤2 h of sitting time per day were categorised as having an ‘active lifestyle’. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the relationships by gender and age group (11–14 and 15–17 years).
Of the participating adolescents (n = 12,081), 15.3% reported to have an active lifestyle (boys: 22.0%; girls: 8.8%). About 31% reported to have higher levels of parental support, whereas 47% reported higher levels of peer support. Higher parental and peer support were significantly associated with an active lifestyle of boys across both age groups. Girls with higher parental support had higher odds of reporting an active lifestyle in both age groups, whereas higher peer support was significantly associated with an active lifestyle among girls aged 11–14 years.
This study uniquely extends the current evidence by examining the associations of parental and peer support with physical activity and sitting time combined. More research is needed to understand how different types of social support can influence adolescents' active lifestyle.
•An active lifestyle was more common among boys than among girls.•A higher level of parental support was positively associated with an active lifestyle of girls.•Higher levels of parental and peer support were positively associated with an active lifestyle of boys.
Membrane efflux pumps play a major role in bacterial multidrug resistance. The tripartite multidrug efflux pump system from Escherichia coli, AcrAB-TolC, is a target for inhibition to lessen ...resistance development and restore antibiotic efficacy, with homologs in other ESKAPE pathogens. Here, we rationalize a mechanism of inhibition against the periplasmic adaptor protein, AcrA, using a combination of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, cellular efflux assays, and molecular dynamics simulations. We define the structural dynamics of AcrA and find that an inhibitor can inflict long-range stabilisation across all four of its domains, whereas an interacting efflux substrate has minimal effect. Our results support a model where an inhibitor forms a molecular wedge within a cleft between the lipoyl and αβ barrel domains of AcrA, diminishing its conformational transmission of drug-evoked signals from AcrB to TolC. This work provides molecular insights into multidrug adaptor protein function which could be valuable for developing antimicrobial therapeutics.
Background and Aims
Common mental health symptoms (CMHS) like depressive moods, anxiety, and stress are the underlying causes of suicidal behavior. The incidence of suicide is higher among ...Bangladeshi students. Due to the pandemic, students of health/rehabilitation sciences are at the most significant risk. This study aimed to measure the prevalence rate and predicting factors for depression, anxiety and stress, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in Bangladeshi undergraduate rehabilitation students.
Methods
This cross‐sectional study included data from 731 participants. Descriptive analyses estimated prevalence, and multivariate logistic regression models identified the factors associated with CMHS and suicidal behavior after adjusting the confounders.
Results
The result shows a high prevalence of moderate to very severe CMHS and a higher risk of suicidal ideation among rehabilitation students. Sociodemographic factors, illness, behavior, institution, and subject‐related issues were identified as the predicting factors of CMHS and suicidal behavior. The students suffering from mental health symptoms reported suicidal ideation and attempted at a significantly higher rate.
Conclusion
To deal with CHMS and suicide risk, a holistic, supportive approach from government and academic institutions are essential for minimizing the predicting factors identified by this study. The study is helpful for the government regulatory body and policymakers to take immediate steps for preventing CMHS and suicidal behavior among rehabilitation students in Bangladesh.
The objective of this review is to investigate the effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity (PA) among children and adolescents in Asian countries.
Systematic review.
A systematic ...search of eight electronic databases was performed to retrieve articles published between January 1990 and August 2019, in English language, including any interventions to promote PA outcomes among children (aged 3–12 years) and adolescents (aged 13–18 years) in Asian countries.
Thirty studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. Most studies were school-based (70%, n = 21), and half were cluster randomized controlled trials (53%, n = 16). Twelve of 30 included studies were among children, 15 among adolescents, and three among both children and adolescents. Only four studies (13%) used device-based measures of PA. The duration of intervention ranged from one day to 60 months (median 4.5 months). Twenty-one studies were of moderate-to-high quality, of which 15 demonstrated significant increases in PA behavior or physical fitness. Evidence was found that school-based, short-term (up to six months) interventions with a single or multicomponent approach including PA sessions, physical education, health education, and/or educational materials may increase overall PA in Asian children and adolescents.
The present review provides some evidence supporting the effectiveness of interventions in promoting PA-related outcomes. However, the findings are inconsistent due to the low number of studies, low-methodological quality, and/or small sample size. Well-designed interventions are needed to inform strategies to enhance PA engagements among children and adolescents in Asia.
We report the 12-year follow-up of the prospective randomized EBMT LYM1 trial to determine whether the benefit of brief duration rituximab maintenance (RM) on progression-free survival (PFS) in ...patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma (FL) receiving an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is sustained. One hundred and thirty-eight patients received RM with or without purging. The median follow-up after random assignment is 12 years (range 10-13) for the whole series. The 10-year PFS after ASCT is 47% (95% CI 40-54) with only 4 patients relapsing after 7.5 years. RM continues to significantly improve 10-year PFS after ASCT in comparison with NM P = 0.002; HR 0.548 (95% CI 0.38-0.80). Ten-year non-relapse mortality (NRM) was not significantly different between treatment groups (7% overall). 10-year overall survival (OS) after ASCT was 75% (69-81) for the whole series, with no significant differences according to treatment sub-groups. 10-year OS for patients who progressed within 24 months (POD24T) was 60%, in comparison with 85% for patients without progression. Thus the benefit of rituximab maintenance after ASCT on relapse prevention is sustained at 12 years, suggesting that RM adds to ASCT-mediated disease eradication and may enhance the curative potential of ASCT.
Lack of physical activity (PA) contributes to increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. However, little is known about PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) among populations in ...low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review examined prevalence of PA and SB in Bangladesh.
Systematic review of the literature.
A systematic electronic search in eight databases and a manual search of retrieved articles’ references were conducted. Original research conducted in Bangladesh with PA- and/or SB-related outcome(s) were included.
Out of 1,162 retrieved titles, 33 articles (32 cross-sectional and one case–control study) met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine studies were with healthy populations: adults (n = 19); children and adolescents (n = 7); and children, adolescents and adults (n = 3). Five studies used nationally representative samples of adults and one of adolescents. Most studies (n = 26) assessed PA only; three only SB, and four both PA and SB. All studies used self-reported measures. Among healthy adults, prevalence of insufficient PA ranged from 5% to 83%. Occupational and transport-related PA contributed the most towards total PA with negligible contribution of recreational PA. Among children and adolescents, the prevalence of insufficient PA ranged between 20% and 67%. Females engaged in less PA compared to males. Limited evidence currently exists about the prevalence of SB, especially among adults.
PA and SB research has received little attention in Bangladesh. Critical knowledge gaps identified in this review should be taken into account when designing new research and programmes in Bangladesh and other LMICs with similar socio-economic and cultural settings.
•Physical activity research is in its infancy in Bangladesh.•Prevalence of physical inactivity varied greatly across the studies.•Females were less active than males.•Participation in recreational physical activity was low.•Sedentary behaviour has received little attention.
Erythropoietin (EPO) plays an important role in erythropoiesis by its action in blocking apoptosis of progenitor cells and protects both photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells from induced or ...inherited degeneration. A modified form of EPO, EPO-R76E has attenuated erythropoietic activity but is effective in inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in several models of retinal degeneration. In this study, we used recombinant Adeno Associated Virus (AAV) to provide long-term sustained delivery of EPO-R76E and demonstrated its effects in a mouse model of dry-AMD in which retinal degeneration is induced by oxidative stress in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Experimental vector AAV-EPO-R76E and control vector AAV-GFP were packaged into serotype-1 (AAV1) to enable RPE selective expression. RPE oxidative stress-mediated retinal degeneration was induced by exon specific deletion of the protective enzyme MnSOD (encoded by Sod2) by cre/lox mechanism. Experimental mice received subretinal injection of AAV-EPO-R76E in the right eye and AAV-GFP in the left eye. Western blotting of RPE/choroid protein samples from AAV-EPO-R76E injected eyes showed RPE specific EPO expression. Retinal function was monitored by electroretinography (ERG). EPO-R76E over-expression in RPE delayed the retinal degeneration as measured by light microscopy in RPE specific Sod2 knockout mice. Delivery of EPO-R76E vector can be used as a tool to prevent retinal degeneration induced by RPE oxidative stress, which is implicated as a potential cause of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
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