Several carbazole‐based boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes were synthesized by organometallic approaches. Thiazole, benzothiazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, triazole, and indolone substituents were ...introduced at the 1‐position of the carbazole moiety, and boron complexation of each dipyrrin generated the corresponding compounds 1, 2 a, and 3–6. The properties of these products were investigated by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, X‐ray crystallography, and DFT calculations. These compounds exhibited large Stokes shifts, and compounds 1, 2 a, and 3–5 fluoresced both in solution and in the solid state. Complex 2 a showed the highest fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) in the solid state, therefore boron complexes of the carbazole–benzothiazole hybrids 2 b–f, which had several different substituents, were prepared and the effects of the substituents on the photophysical properties of the compounds were examined. The fluorescence properties showed good correlation with the results of crystal‐packing analyses, and the dyes exhibited color‐tunable solid‐state fluorescence.
Carbazole‐based BODIPYs (see figure) were synthesized by using organometallic approaches. These compounds exhibited large Stokes shifts and fluoresced both in solution and in the solid state. The fluorescence properties correlated well with the results of crystal packing analyses, and these dyes exhibited color‐tunable solid‐state fluorescence.
Highlights ► This meta-analysis revealed the effect of music therapy for BPSD. ► Music therapy had moderate effects on anxiety and behavioral symptoms. ► Intervention of >3 months duration decreased ...anxiety more. ► Music therapy will make important contributions to management for decreasing BPSD.
Epidemiological evidence of increased risks of cancer in heart failure (HF) patients and HF in cancer patients has suggested close relationships between the pathogenesis of both diseases. Indeed, HF ...and cancer share common risk factors, including aging and unhealthy lifestyles, and underlying mechanisms, including activation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, chronic inflammation, and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Mechanistically, HF accelerates cancer development and progression via secreted factors, so-called cardiokines, and epigenetic remodeling of bone marrow cells into an immunosuppressive phenotype. Reciprocally, cancer promotes HF via cachexia-related wasting and metabolic remodeling in the heart, and possibly via cancer-derived extracellular vesicles influencing myocardial structure and function. The novel concept of the “heart-cancer axis” will help in our understanding of the shared and reciprocal relationships between HF and cancer, and provide innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for both diseases.
Carbazole-based BODIPY dimers 2a-g were synthesized via direct arylation. They showed red-shifted solid-state fluorescence spectra as compared with the corresponding monomer. In addition, ...unsymmetrical dimers 2d, 2f, and 2g with two different substituents showed red fluorescence with improved quantum yields in the solid state.
Display omitted
•prcAT Genes encoding a new toxin-antitoxin system was found on IncP-7 plasmid.•PrcT is a toxin, which decreases the viability of the host Pseudomonas cells.•PrcA functions as an ...antitoxin, which counteracts the effect of PrcT on cell growth.•prcAT insertion stabilizes the unstable vector in both Pseudomonas and E. coli cells.
Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems were initially discovered as plasmid addiction systems. Previously, our studies implied that the high stability of the IncP-7 plasmid pCAR1 in different Pseudomonas spp. hosts was due to the presence of a TA system on the plasmid. Bioinformatics approaches suggested that ORF174 and ORF175 could constitute a type II TA system, a member of the RES-Xre family, and that these two open reading frames (ORFs) constitute a single operon. As expected, the ORF175 product is a toxin, which decreases the viability of the host, P. resinovorans, while the ORF174 product functions as an antitoxin that counteracts the effect of ORF175 on cell growth. Based on these findings, we renamed ORF174 and ORF175 as prcA (antitoxin gene) and prcT (toxin gene), respectively. The prcA and prcT genes were cloned into the unstable plasmid vector pSEVA644. The recombinant vector was stably maintained in P. resinovorans and Escherichia coli cells under nonselective conditions following 6 days of daily subculturing. The empty vector (without the prcA and prcT genes) could not be maintained, which suggested that the PrcA/T system can be used as a tool to improve the stability of otherwise unstable plasmids in P. resinovorans and E. coli strains.
•This is the first national survey of fetal detection for congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in Japan•Overall prenatal detection rate is low in Japan compared to the European countries•Significant ...regional gaps of detection rates are recognized in Japan•Fetal diagnosis significantly reduces risks of emergency transfer for CHDs•Periodic official surveillance for prenatal cardiac diagnosis is required
Investigation into the detection rate (DR) of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in fetuses is important for the assessment of fetal cardiac screening systems.
We highlight issues of fetal cardiac screening in Japan.
We performed an initial national survey of fetal diagnosis of CHDs from the data of the national registry for congenital heart surgery from 2013 to 2017. Subjects were neonates and infants with moderate or severe CHDs. We investigated DR in each prefecture in Japan and emergency transfer (ET) for neonates by analyzing distance and admission day of ET with or without fetal diagnoses.
: The overall average DR in Japan was 0.41 (0.02 increase every year). No regional significant relationship was found between DR and population in each prefecture. ET was performed in 12% of neonates with prenatal diagnosis and in 63% of neonates without resulting in significant risk for ET in fetuses without a fetal diagnosis OR 13.3 (11.6−15.3), p<0.001. The distance of ET was shorter and admission was earlier in the neonates with a prenatal diagnosis than in those without median 6.6 km (IQR: 4.1-25.7) vs 17.0 km (IQR: 7.4-35.3), median 0.0 day (IQR: 0.0-0.0) vs 0.0 day (IQR: 0.0-1.0), p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively
Prenatal cardiac diagnosis reduces geographic and chronological risks of ET for moderate to severe CHDs. DR is still developing and periodic official surveillance is required for improving prenatal cardiac diagnosis in Japan.
Display omitted
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is known as a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome; however, the function of T-cell-derived cytokines in ALI has not yet been ...established. We found that LPS challenge in one lung resulted in a rapid induction of innate-type pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, followed by the expression of T-cell-type cytokines, including IL-17, IL-22 and IFN-γ. We discovered that IL-23 is important for ALI, since blockage of IL-23 by gene disruption or anti-IL-12/23p40 antibody treatment reduced neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory cytokine secretion into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). IL-23 was mostly produced from F4/80(+)CD11c(+) alveolar macrophages, and IL-23 expression was markedly reduced by the pre-treatment of mice with antibiotics, suggesting that the development of IL-23-producing macrophages required commensal bacteria. Unexpectedly, among T-cell-derived cytokines, IL-22 rather than IL-17 or IFN-γ played a major role in LPS-induced ALI. IL-22 protein levels were higher than IL-17 in the BALF after LPS instillation, and the major source of IL-22 was memory Th17 cells. Lung memory CD4(+) T cells had a potential to produce IL-22 at higher levels than IL-17 in response to IL-1β plus IL-23 without TCR stimulation. Our study revealed an innate-like function of the lung memory Th17 cells that produce IL-22 in response to IL-23 and are involved in exaggeration of ALI.
Background Primary aldosteronism can cause cardiac dysfunction, including left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and left atrial enlargement. A few studies have ...compared the cardioprotective effects between surgery and medication for primary aldosteronism, although most have not adjusted for baseline disease status. In this study, we investigated the difference in cardiovascular outcomes between surgery and medication treatment for primary aldosteronism after adjusting for baseline clinical characteristics, including aldosterone level and pretreatment echocardiographic information. Methods and Results We retrospectively analyzed 220 patients diagnosed with primary aldosteronism who underwent adrenalectomy (n=144) or medication treatment (n=76) between 2009 and 2019. Echocardiographic changes were evaluated pretreatment and 1 year posttreatment. The surgery group had lower potassium, lower plasma renin activity, and higher plasma aldosterone concentration than the medication group, indicating a severe primary aldosteronism phenotype in the former. The decrease in left ventricular mass index after treatment was significantly greater in the surgery group than in the medication group ( P =0.047). However, this relationship was not noted after multivariable regression analysis (standard β=−0.08, P =0.17). Additionally, decreased parameter values related to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and left atrial enlargement were not different between the groups. Pretreatment echocardiographic values were most associated with changes in all echocardiographic parameters. The findings were consistent in the propensity score‐matched analysis. Conclusions This study's findings suggest that there is no difference in cardioprotective efficacy between surgical and medication treatment under similar disease severity; however, it should be considered that several study participants with severe hyperaldosteronism were managed surgically.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of scheduled intravenous acetaminophen (SIVA) on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing laparoscopic ...gynecologic surgery (LGS).
Methods
This retrospective observational study identified consecutive patients who underwent LGS at our institution from January to November of 2017 and were managed with either our hospital’s old protocol (Group H) or a new protocol using SIVA (Group S). Primary outcomes included the incidences of PONV and the amount of additional antiemetic required in the postoperative period. The secondary outcomes included the pain score on postoperative day 1, the requirement for additional analgesic medications, and the length of hospitalization (LOH).
Results
Patients in Group S had significantly lower incidences of PONV from postoperative days 0 to 1 and required significantly less antiemetics or tramadol than those in Group H (
P
= 0.0085). Patients at a low risk for PONV in Group S had significantly lower incidences of PONV than those in Group H (
P
= 0.0129). Further, the amount of additional tramadol required was lower in Group S than in Group H (
P
= 0.0021).
Conclusion
Introduction of SIVA into the postoperative pain management protocol of LGS may reduce the incidence of PONV and the amount of adjunctive antiemetic medication required from postoperative days 0 to 1. In patients undergoing LGS, PONV prophylaxis using antiemetics should be prescribed depending on PONV risk profile; however, SIVA prophylaxis can be used in all patients regardless of PONV risk profile.
PDF
