Purpose: To assess community-directed treatment coverage with Ivermectin (CDTI) in Onchocerciasis-endemic communities in Birnin Kudu local government area (LGA) Jigawa state. Subjects and Methods: ...This was a community-based multistaged cross-sectional survey based on probability proportional to size. The study involved the administration of a questionnaire on 2021 respondents from 207 households. Also, 30 Community Leaders and Community Directed Distributors (CDDs) were purposively selected for interview from the communities visited. Results: Overall, 2021 respondents from the 2031 sampled population took part in the study giving a response rate of 99.6%. Slightly above half, 1130 (55.9%) were males. The geographic and therapeutic coverage of mass drug administration of Ivermectin achieved in the LGA was 100% and 79.9%, respectively. The key factors affecting coverage includes the unavailability of drugs (48.8%), absenteeism of some of the household members (31%), and inadequate incentives to the CDDs by the government and poor record keeping by the CDDs. Conclusion: This study found that the minimum geographic and therapeutic coverage of Ivermectin distribution was achieved by CDD as recommended by the World Health Organization for the control of onchocerciasis. For this to be sustained and to achieve elimination, there must be an adequate supply of ivermectin, training of CDDs, retraining of CDDs, adequate supervision in record keeping, and health education to the community.
The role of epidemiologic and spatiotemporal factors affecting access to care among snakebite patients in Nigeria are determined. In 2021 a total of 2,942 snakebite patients were prospectively ...studied at four designated Health Facilities for Managing Snakebites (HFMS). The patients came from 94 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in 12 states in northern Nigeria. It was found that 435 (14.8%) patients actually accessed care within ≤2 hours of bite although 38.0% could have reached the HFMS within the time by car. In certain areas 92% of patients would have been able to reach a secondary or tertiary facility within ≤2 hours. Similarly, 437 (14.9%) patients traveled distances of ≤20 Km to reach a designated HFMS although 86% of patients resided within 5 Km of a road network. There was longer median delay to access care (15 hours), more patients (365) and higher proportion not treated with antivenom (22%) in August the wettest month of the year. Furthermore the patients who died (47) took a median time of 48 hours compared to 11 hours among known survivors (2,649) to access care. Expanding antivenom access to other secondary and tertiary HF in high burden areas especially during peak seasons will potentially improve the outcome among patients.
To assess the outcomes of congenital/developmental cataract from a tertiary eye care hospital in Northwest Nigeria.
A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients diagnosed with ...congenital or developmental cataract who underwent surgery from January 2008 to December 2009. Data were collected on patient demographics, preoperative characteristics, intraoperative complications, and postoperative outcomes as well as complications.
A total of 181 eyes of 102 patients underwent surgery. There were 95 (52.5%) right eyes. There were 64 (62.7%) males. The mean age of the patients was 6.88 ± 7.97 years. Fifty-four (51.3%) patients were below 3 years old. Most (62%) patients had congenital cataract with a history of onset within the first year of life 39 (62.9%) patients. Amblyopia, nystagmus, and strabismus were the most frequent ocular comorbidities accounting for 50.3%, 36.5%, and 35.4% of eyes respectively. The majority (84.3%) of the patients had surgery within 6 months of presentation. All patients underwent manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS). Seventy-nine (77.5%) patients underwent simultaneous bilateral surgery. Intraocular lens implantation was performed in 83.4% eyes. The most common early and late postoperative complication was, posterior capsular opacity which occurred in 65 eyes of 43 children. In these cases, moderate visual acuity was predominant visual outcome.
Treatment of pediatric cataract in our setting is complicated by demographic factors which results in late presentation and consequently, late treatment of children. Short-term visual outcome is fair. Data on long term postoperative outcomes could not be acquired due to poor follow-up.
Purpose: The purpose of these surveys was to determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) in children aged 1-9 years and trichiasis prevalence in persons aged ≥15 years, in ...13 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Taraba State, Nigeria.
Methods: The surveys followed Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. Twenty-five households were selected from each of 25 clusters in each LGA, using two-stage cluster sampling providing probability of selection proportional to cluster size. Survey teams examined all the residents of selected households aged ≥1 year for the clinical signs TF, trachomatous inflammation-intense (TI) and trichiasis.
Results: The prevalence of TF in children aged 1-9 years in the 13 LGAs ranged from 0.0-5.0%; Ussa LGA had the highest prevalence of 5% (95%CI: 3.4-7.2). Trichiasis prevalence ranged from 0.0-0.8%; seven LGAs had trichiasis prevalences above the threshold for elimination. The backlog of trichiasis in the 13 LGAs (estimated combined population 1,959,375) was 3,185 people. There is need to perform surgery for at least 1,835 people to attain a trichiasis prevalence in each LGA of <0.2% in persons aged ≥15 years. In six of the 13 LGAs, 80% of households could access washing water within 1 km of the household, but only one LGA had >80% of households with access to improved latrines.
Conclusion: One of 13 LGAs requires antibiotic mass drug administration for active trachoma. Community-based trichiasis surgery needs to be provided in seven LGAs. There is a need to increase household-level access to improved washing water and latrines across the State.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of trachoma in four Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kogi State, Nigeria.
Methods: In June 2014, we conducted population-based, cross-sectional surveys according ...to Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols in selected LGAs of Kogi State. In each LGA, 25 clusters were selected with probability proportional to size. In each of these clusters, 25 households were enrolled for the survey. All residents of selected households aged ≥1 year were examined by GTMP-certified graders for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and trichiasis using the simplified trachoma grading scheme. Data on sources of household water and types of sanitation facilities were collected through questioning and direct observation.
Results: The age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1-9-year-olds ranged from 0.4% (95% CI 0.1-0.8%) in Bassa to 1.0% (95% CI 0.3-1.9%) in Omala. Across all four LGAs, only one case of trichiasis was found; this individual was in Omala, giving that LGA a trichiasis prevalence in individuals aged ≥15 years of 0.02% (95% CI 0.00-0.07%). Between 77 and 88% of households had access to water for hygiene purposes, while only 10-30% had access to improved sanitation facilities.
Conclusion: Trachoma is not a public health problem in any of the 4 LGAs surveyed. There is, however, the need to increase access to adequate water and sanitation services to contribute to the health and social and economic well-being of these communities.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose: We sought to determine the prevalence of trachoma in each local government area (LGA) of Benue State, Nigeria.
Methods: Two-stage cluster sampling was used to conduct a series of 23 ...population-based prevalence surveys. LGAs were the evaluation units surveyed. In each LGA, 25 households were selected in each of 25 clusters, and individuals aged 1 year and above resident in those households were invited to be examined for trachoma. Data on access to water and sanitation were also collected at household level.
Results: A total of 91,888 people were examined from among 93,636 registered residents across the 23 LGAs. The LGA-level prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) in 1-9 year olds ranged from 0.3% to 5.3%. Two LGAs had TF prevalences of 5.0-9.9%. The LGA-level prevalence of trichiasis in ≥15-year-olds ranged from 0.0% to 0.35%. Access to improved drinking water sources ranged from 0% in Gwer West to 99% in Tarka, while access to improved sanitation ranged from 1% in Gwer West to 92% in Oturkpo.
Conclusion: There is a need for public health-level interventions against trachoma in three LGAs of Benue State.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To determine the impact of uncorrected presbyopia on vision-related quality of life (QoL) and visual function (VF) among adults 40 years and older in Bungudu local government area (LGA) of Zamfara ...State, Nigeria.
A population-based cross-sectional study in Bungudu LGA of Zamfara State Nigeria was conducted in 2012. Six-hundred and fifty persons at least 40 years of age were examined using a two-stage cluster random sampling-based on probability proportional to size. Presbyopia was defined as the inability to read N8 at 40 cm in an indoor illumination using LogMAR E-chart. Demographic information comprising of age, sex, occupation, and educational level among others was obtained from a pilot tested VF-14 and modified vision-related QoL questionnaire by trained interviewer.
Out Of the 650 subjects enumerated 635 were examined given a response rate of 97.7%. The mean age of participants was 53.59 years (95% confidence interval:52.75%-54.43%). The crude prevalence of presbyopia was 30.4%, (95% CI: 26.8%-34.1%). The mean VF score of persons with presbyopia was 85.09, (95% CI: 83.09%-87.09%) and being female was strongly associated with high VF scores (P = 0.003). The VFs most impaired were the ability to read, write, use mobile phones, and thread needles. The higher the degree of presbyopia the lower the mean VF score (P = 0.00).
Uncorrected presbyopia is associated with functional visual impairment and reduce QoL especially in the ability to read, write, and usage of mobile cell phones among adults 40 years and older in Bungudu District.
AIM: To highlight the pattern of ocular injuries as a result of improvised explosive devises by insurgents in Kaduna metropolis. BACKGROUND: Ocular trauma is a cause of blindness in approximately ...half a million people worldwide and many more have suffered partial loss of sight. Trauma is the most important cause of unilateral loss of vision, particularly in developing countries. An improvised explosive device, also known as a roadside bomb, is a homemade bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional military action. In line with the insurgency in parts of northern Nigeria, there is need to identify the common associated ocular injuries with the view to recommending preventive measures and providing adequate resources to managing the challenges. METHODOLOGY: Consecutive patients who presented with bomb blast associated ocular injuries and consented to the study from December 2011 through November 2012 were prospectively followed up. Demographic, clinical and operative data was entered into preformed questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS V16. RESULTS: Seven eyes of five patients (2 bilateral) met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 20 years (7-29 years), male to female ratio of 1.5: 1. Only one of the seven affected eyes had presenting VA of 6/60, 2 had NPL and 4 HM. Open globe injury was present in 3 eyes (1-ruptured, 2 corneal laceration) and retinal detachment in two eyes. CONCLUSION: Bomb blast explosion is associated with catastrophic blinding ocular pathology thus the need to providing needed equipment/manpower to contain it and seek lasting solutions to the wave violent insurgency.
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for trachoma in selected local government areas (LGAs) of Kwara State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Population-based cross-sectional surveys were ...conducted in eight LGAs of Kwara State using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. In each LGA, 25 villages were selected using probability-proportional-to-size sampling; 25 households were selected from each village using compact segment sampling. All residents of selected households aged ≥1 year were examined by GTMP-certified graders for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and trichiasis using the simplified trachoma grading scheme. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) data were also collected.
Results: A total of 28,506 residents were enumerated in 4769 households across the eight LGAs. TF prevalence in children aged 1-9 years ranged from 0.2% (95% CI 0.0-0.3%) to 1.3% (95% CI 0.7-2.1%), while trichiasis prevalence in persons ≥15 years was <0.2% in each LGA. Access to improved water source was the lowest in Edu (62%), while access to improved sanitation facilities was the lowest in Asa (6%) and the highest in Ilorin East (64%). Children aged 1-4 years had 0.63 (95% CI 0.40-0.99) times lower odds of having TF compared to children aged 5-9 years. Children in households with ≥5 resident 1-9-year-old children had 1.63 (95% CI 1.02-2.60) times greater odds of having TF compared to those in households with <5 resident children.
Conclusion: Trachoma is not a public health problem in Kwara State. Provision of adequate water and sanitation services should be a priority here, as a foundation for the health of the population.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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