PCOS women experience different discomfort as a consequence of the illness. During the years, several risk factors and treatments emerged. This review aims at underlining evidence on psychological ...symptoms in PCOS women and on the effectiveness of therapies.
We reviewed literature searching through different databases. We used different keywords, including: PCOS, PCOS and depression, PCOS and anxiety, PCOS and psychological, PCOS depression and risk factors, PCOS depression therapies, depression and inositol.
Based on the collected evidence, PCOS women are more likely to develop psychological symptoms, like depression or anxiety disorders. Furthermore, several risk factors are associated with higher depression or worse psychological conditions. Particularly, the literature highlights BMI, hirsutism, insulin resistance, excess of androgens and lack of serum Vitamin D. Even though several pharmaceuticals find application in psychological symptoms, some of them can impair hormonal condition in PCOS women. Few molecules are able to improve psychological symptoms without impairing hormonal profiles. Among these, myo-inositol appears to be the most interesting, as it is also considered first-line therapy in PCOS women.
Psychological symptoms affect PCOS women more than healthy subjects. Among the different treatments, inositol emerges as a safe approach, being the first-line therapy in PCOS for hormonal improvement and having putative effects also in psychiatrists.
Mood stabilizers like lithium (Li) and valproic acid (VPA) act via cellular depletion of inositol in the central nervous system (CNS). However, such depletion also involves peripheral tissues, thus ...exposing patients to various side effects. Preclinical and clinical studies revealed the effectiveness of inositol supplementation to recover such pathological conditions. Nevertheless, the risk of reducing the effectiveness of pharmacological therapies by raising inositol levels in the CNS, still represents a matter of concern. This study adds new insights on this aspect, highlighting the safety of a tailored dosage of inositol in patients taking Li or VPA.
We enrolled 15 patients over 18 years of age taking Li and/or VPA. They assumed 2 gr of myo-inositol (myo-ins) and d-chiro-inositol (d-chiro-ins) in the combined 80:1 ratio, plus 50 mg of α-lactalbumin (α-LA), twice a day for a total period of 6 months (T1). Evaluating the interference of such dietary supplementation with pharmacological therapy was the primary outcome. Monitoring blood levels of thyroid (fT3, fT4, TSH) and metabolic markers (fasting insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR index, triglycerides, HDL, LDL) were secondary outcomes. The analysis was carried out by comparing values at baseline (T0) and T1 (6 months).
After 6 months, pharmacological therapy was still suitable for patients, requiring no changes nor adjustments. Instead, inositol treatment improved those borderline values about thyroid functionality and glucose and lipid metabolism.
This pilot study demonstrated that the dosage of 4 gr/daily of inositol is safe in patients taking Li/VPA, as we recorded no interference with the pharmacological therapy. Moreover, such treatment may counteract or even prevent side effects, thus improving patients' quality of life.
The outbreak of Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) poses serious challenges to people's health worldwide. The management of the disease is mostly supportive, and respiratory failure from acute respiratory ...distress syndrome is the leading cause of death in a significant proportion of affected patients. Preliminary data point out that dramatic increase in IL-6 and subsequent cytokine release syndrome may account for the development of fatal interstitial pneumonia. Inhibition of IL-6 by blocking its specific receptor with monoclonal antibodies has been advocated as a promising attempt. Here we assess the potential utility of myo-Inositol, a polyol already in use for treating the newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome, in downregulating the inflammatory response upon Sars-CoV-2 infection. Myo-Inositol proved to reduce IL-6 levels in a number of conditions and to mitigate the inflammatory cascade, while being devoid of any significant side effects. It is tempting to speculate that inositol could be beneficial in managing the most dreadful effects of Sars-CoV-2 infection.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5%-10% of women in reproductive age, and it is the most common cause of infertility due to ovarian dysfunction and menstrual irregularity. Several studies ...have reported that insulin resistance is common in PCOS women, regardless of the body mass index. The importance of insulin resistance in PCOS is also suggested by the fact that insulin-sensitizing compounds have been proposed as putative treatments to solve the hyperinsulinemia-induced dysfunction of ovarian response to endogenous gonadotropins. Rescuing the ovarian response to endogenous gonadotropins reduces hyperandrogenemia and re-establishes menstrual cyclicity and ovulation, increasing the chance of a spontaneous pregnancy. Among the insulin-sensitizing compounds, there is myo-inosiol (MYO). Previous studies have demonstrated that MYO is capable of restoring spontaneous ovarian activity, and consequently fertility, in most patients with PCOS. With the present review, we aim to provide an overview on the clinical outcomes of the MYO use as a treatment to improve ovarian function and metabolic and hormonal parameters in women with PCOS.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Inositol safety: clinical evidences Carlomagno, G; Unfer, V
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences
15, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Myo-inositol is a six carbon cyclitol that contains five equatorial and one axial hydroxyl groups. Myo-inositol has been classified as an insulin sensitizing agent and it is commonly used in the ...treatment of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). However, despite its wide clinical use, there is still scarce information on the myo-inositol safety and/or side effects. The aim of the present review was to summarize and discuss available data on the myo-inositol safety both in non-clinical and clinical settings. The main outcome was that only the highest dose of myo-inositol (12 g/day) induced mild gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, flatus and diarrhea. The severity of side effects did not increase with the dosage.
This open-label non-randomized clinical study aimed at evaluating the effects of myo-inositol plus alpha-lactalbumin in two groups of PCOS women, treated in Mexico and Italy. Alpha-lactalbumin was ...used being effective in increasing myo-inositol intestinal absorption. This effect is very useful in greatly reducing the therapeutic failure of myo-inositol in some patients (inositol resistant subjects).
The study involved 34 normal weight or overweight patients (14 in Mexico and 20 in Italy), aged 18 to 40 years, with anovulation and infertility > 1 year and insulin resistance diagnosed by HOMA-Index. Patients were administered orally with 2 g myo-inositol, 50 mg alpha-lactalbumin, and 200 µg of folic acid twice a day for 6 months. Controls were the same patients at t0 (baseline). The primary outcome was HOMA-index decrease after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Other parameters monitored were BMI, progesterone, LH, FSH, total testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides.
Recovery was general, and its relevance was higher when the starting point was further away from the normal range. The most important results were obtained with insulin, HOMA-index, LH, and androstenedione. No significant adverse effects were detected in both groups of patients.
This clinical trial demonstrated for the first time that myo-inositol and alpha-lactalbumin improve important parameters in PCOS patients characterized by different metabolic profiles.
The robust data about myo-inositol (Myo-Ins) safety profile and effectiveness opened a new scenario for the treatment and prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). We report our experience ...about a case of GDM successfully treated with Myo-Ins.
An overweight 29-year-old Caucasian pregnant woman, nulliparous, affected by GDM, according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guideline. After diagnosis, the patient underwent regular glycemia checks: mean fasting blood glucose value was 103.63 ± 1.46 mg/dl, whereas 1-hour and 2-hours after-meal values were 122.74 ± 11.14 mg/dl and 110.74 ± 10.70 mg/dl, respectively. We decided to prescribe a low-calorie diet and oral treatment with 4 g of Myo-Ins, 3 times per day for 3 weeks.
After the treatment, mean fasting value was 90.74 ± 5.30 mg/dl, whereas 1-hour after and 2-hours after-meal values were 108.11 ± 6.05 mg/dl and 101.21 ± 4.78 mg/dl, respectively.
We reported a significant decrease of glycemia in a faster and steady way at fasting, 1-hour and 2-hours after-meal post oral treatment with 4 g of Myo-Ins 3 times per day, in a patient affected by GDM.
On the one hand, we could confirm the safety profile of the molecule also at this high dosage, free from any side effects; on the other hand, our experience highlighted the faster glucose-lowering effect due to a higher dose of Myo-Ins. This outcome may open a new scenario in the treatment of GDM.
The human papilloma virus (HPV) is the etiological agent of cervical cancer in more than 95% of cases worldwide. Although most HPV infections clear up on their own and most pre-cancerous lesions ...spontaneously resolve, in some cases, they can persist, leading to lesions which may progress towards invasive cervical cancer.
We evaluated the effects of the association of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) + folic acid (FA) + vitamin B12 (B12) + hyaluronic acid (HA) on HPV-positive cervical cancer cells (HeLa).
The association of EGCG + FA + B12 + HA induced a significant increase of apoptosis and p53 gene expression with a concomitant decrease of E6/E7 gene expression, a marker of HPV infection.
This study provides for the first-time evidence on the potential additive activity of EGCG + FA + B12 + HA in counteracting HPV infection, by increasing apoptosis and p53 expression in HPV-infected cervical HeLa cells.
