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•Supercritical CO2 and pressurised liquid extractions applied to rowanberry pomace.•Supercritical CO2 extraction process was optimized by response surface methodology.•Pressure and ...temperature largely affected the yield in supercritical CO2 extraction.•Total carotenoid and β-carotene concentrations and their recoveries were monitored.•Hydrophilic extracts were strong antioxidants, lipophilic rich in unsaturated fatty acids.
Rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia L.) pomace was consecutively extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) and pressurized solvents (PLE) of increasing polarity (acetone, ethanol and water). SFE-CO2 parameters were optimized using central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) in order to obtain the highest lipophilic extract yield. The highest extract yield (4.80%) was obtained at 45MPa pressure, 60°C temperature and 180min extraction time. The changes in SFE-CO2 parameters substantially influenced carotenoids content in the extracts; the recovery of total carotenoids was up to 49.7% of the amount determined by hexane extraction. Linoleic (59%), oleic (27%) and palmitic (9%) fatty acids were dominating in the extracted oil. PLE of SFE-CO2 residue yielded polyphenol-rich extracts (the total extraction yield was 33.1%) with strong antioxidant capacity. Rowanberry pomace should be regarded as a potential source of functional ingredients for food and other relevant uses.
Because of the recent global crises and lifestyle trends, anthocyanin-rich fruits are receiving more attention due to their medicinal qualities. Many studies have concluded that higher anthocyanin ...consumption tends to correlate with health benefits. Furthermore, research has shown great promise for anthocyanin application in treating fever and neurodegenerative processes. Once the industrial application difficulties are solved, anthocyanins might prove to be a crucial component in helping to treat the diseases that are becoming more common—viral infections and illnesses associated with aging. Fruit extracts that contain large quantities of anthocyanins have antimicrobial and antiviral (against SARS-CoV-2 virus) properties. Most of the synthesized anthocyanins in the fruit-bearing fruits are stored in the fruits. The aim of this review article is to indicate the fruit species that have the most potential for anthocyanin extraction from fruits, to overview the antimicrobial and antiviral capabilities of anthocyanin and the main sample preparation and extraction methods that preserve polyphenolic compounds and reduce the time expenditure.
Food biochemistry concepts and principles have recently become essential in all main areas of food science, including food engineering, processing, technology, and safety ...
In recent years, much attention has been devoted to
L. berries because of their substantial potential to be adapted for the development of innovative food and pharmaceutical applications. The ...accumulation of plant secondary metabolites is extremely dependent on climate and other environmental conditions. In order to increase the reliability of the findings, this study was conducted with samples collected in four regions in Northern Europe (Norway, Finland, Latvia, and Lithuania) and analyzed in a single laboratory using a standardized methodology. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the nutritional (biologically active compounds (phenolic (477-775 mg/100 g fw), anthocyanins (20-57 mg/100 g fw), pro-anthocyanidins (condensed tannins (141-269 mg/100 g fw)) and antioxidant activity in different systems (ABTS
, FRAP). Physicochemical properties (acidity, soluble solids, color) of wild
L. were also evaluated. The results may contribute to the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals with potential health benefits in the future. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report on the evaluation of the biologically active compounds of wild lingonberries from different Northern European countries based on one laboratory's validated methods. The results indicated a geomorphological influence on the biochemical and physicochemical composition of wild
L. depending on their place of geographical origin.
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•5% co-solvent ethanol increased supercritical CO2 extract yield from cranberry pomace.•Precipitation of extract in the 1st separator at 0 ÷ −−30 °C and 7 MPa gave 2 products.•The ...fractions (lighter) in the 2nd separator were remarkably stronger antioxidants.•Higher content of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols was determined in lighter fraction.•Higher contents of tocopherols, phytosterols and volatiles were in the 2nd separator.
The study investigated the possibilities of fractionation of cranberry pomace after its extraction with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) without and with 5% ethanol (EtOH) at previously optimized 42.4 MPa pressure and 53 °C temperature. The extract was separated into heavier (HF, 1st separator, S1) and lighter (LF, 2nd separator, S2) fractions by decreasing temperature in the S1 from 0 to −−30 °C at the constant 7 MPa pressure. In case of scCO261–74% of extracts precipitated in S1; when EtOH was added the content of LF at 0 and −10 °C was higher, while at −20 and −30 °C the content of HF was 2.9–3.5-fold higher. LF was remarkably stronger antioxidant than HF. The differences in triacylglycerol (TAG) and fatty acid composition were not remarkable; higher percentages of higher saturation TAGs were in HFs. Higher amount of squalene was in scCO2/EtOH extracts; its concentration in HF was up to 12-fold (at −30 °C) higher. The amounts of carotenoids were also higher in the HF. The concentrations of phytosterols, tocopherols and volatile compounds were remarkably higher in the LFs, particularly in case of scCO2/EtOH. The results demonstrated that different classes of lipophilic compounds present in pomace may be pre-concentrated at freezing temperatures.
Adding potassium nitrate (KNO
) to the diet improves the physiological properties of mammalian muscles (rebuilds weakened muscle, improves structure and functionality). The aim of this study was to ...investigate the effect of KNO
supplementation in a mouse model. BALB/c mice were fed a KNO
diet for three weeks, followed by a normal diet without nitrates. After the feeding period, the
(EDL) muscle was evaluated ex vivo for contraction force and fatigue. To evaluate the possible pathological changes, the histology of EDL tissues was performed in control and KNO
-fed groups after 21 days. The histological analysis showed an absence of negative effects in EDL muscles. We also analyzed 15 biochemical blood parameters. After 21 days of KNO
supplementation, the EDL mass was, on average, 13% larger in the experimental group compared to the controls (
< 0.05). The muscle-specific force increased by 38% in comparison with the control group (
< 0.05). The results indicate that KNO
has effects in an experimental mouse model, showing nitrate-diet-induced muscle strength. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular changes in muscles following nutritional intervention and may help develop strategies and products designated to treat muscle-related issues.
The aim of this study was to characterize the variation in biologically active compounds, antioxidant activity and physico-chemical properties in naturally grown bilberries gathered from different ...sites in Northern Europe. The variability in the biologically active compounds, antioxidant capacity and physico-chemical properties, as well as the development of tools for the authenticity and quality control of wild bilberries (
L.) in different geographical locations was evaluated. The berries of bilberries were handpicked during the summers of 2019 and 2020 during the time periods when they are typically harvested for commercial purposes in Northern Europe (Norway (NOR), Finland (FIN), Latvia (LVA) and Lithuania (LTU)). Berries from locations in NOR were distinguished by their higher mean TPC (791 mg/100 g FW, average), whereas the mean TPC of samples from the most southern country, LTU, was the lowest (587 mg/100 g FW). The TPC of bilberries ranged from 452 to 902 mg/100 g FW. The TAC values of investigated bilberry samples varied from 233 to 476 mg/100 g FW. A high positive correlation was found between TPC and antioxidant activity of the bilberry samples (R = 0.88 and 0.91 (FRAP and ABTS assays, respectively)), whereas the correlation between TAC and antioxidant activity was lower (R = 0.65 and 0.60). There were variations in the TPC and TAC values of investigated berries, suggesting that genotype also affects the TPC and TAC in berries. In 2020, the pH values and TSS contents of berries were significantly lower than in 2019. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive reported evaluation of the biologically active compounds in wild bilberries from different Northern European countries using one laboratory-validated method.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of macroalgae (
,
,
) and microalgae (
(Sp1, Sp2),
) extracts, including micro- and macroelement transition to extract, antioxidant, ...antimicrobial properties, the concentrations of chlorophyll (-a, -b), and the total carotenoid concentration (TCC). In macroalgae, the highest TCC and chlorophyll content were found in
. In microalgae, the TCC was 10.1-times higher in
than in Sp1, Sp2; however, the chlorophyll contents in
samples were lower. A moderate negative correlation was found between the chlorophyll-a and TCC contents (r = -0.4644). In macroalgae extract samples,
and
showed the highest total phenolic compound content (TPCC). DPPH antioxidant activity and TPCC in microalgae was related to the TCC (r = 0.6191, r = 0.6439, respectively). Sp2 extracts inhibited
;
,
,
, and Sp2 extracts inhibited
and
extracts inhibited
strains. This study showed that extraction is a suitable technology for toxic metal decontamination in algae; however, some of the desirable microelements are reduced during the extraction, and only the final products, could be applied in food, feed, and others.
Background Recent evidence indicates that elevating plasma nitrites through dietary nitrates (NO.sub.3.sup.-) supplementation is associated with enhanced muscle efficiency, fatigue resistance and ...performance. Beetroot (in various forms) is the dominant source of dietary NO.sub.3.sup.- primarily due to its vast availability and the simple form of preparation suitable for final consumption. After a few years of research and experimentation, our scientific team identified alternative source rich with dietary NO.sub.3.sup.- as possible nitric oxide precursor, amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) with a standardized concentration 9-11% of NO.sub.3.sup.-. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of single-dose (+ or -400 mg of dietary NO.sub.3.sup.-) and long-term (6 days) supplementation of amaranth concentrate derived dietary NO.sub.3.sup.- on aerobic capacity in physically active young people. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human study. Thirteen healthy and physically active young male participants were randomized into experimental and placebo groups. The aerobic capacity was tested during increasing cycling exercise (ICE) with pulmonary gas exchange recording and analysis. Results The peak power of the ICE, the maximum oxygen consumption and the first ventilatory threshold were significantly increased after long-term consumption of dietary amaranth (from 4.44 + or - 0.50 to 4.55 + or - 0.43 W/kg; from 37.7 + or - 2.7 to 41.2 + or - 5.4 mL/kg/min and from 178.6 + or - 30.3 to 188.6 + or - 35.2 W, p 0.05; respectively) in experimental group. Conclusions Long-term (6 days) use of dietary NO.sub.3.sup.- from amaranth may improve the aerobic capacity during ICE in young physically active male persons. It can be recommended as the nutritional supplement during last week of preparation for competition in endurance events. Keywords: Aerobic capacity, Dietary nitrates, Amaranth, Cycling, Young persons
Plant by-products, which are discarded into the environment, are rich in valuable compounds. The aim of this research was to determine the antibacterial activity of
L. morphological parts and its ...correlation with total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The authors also aimed to evaluate the plant's potential as added-value products. New aspects were revealed for further use and for making novel and natural products. The study's results indicated that raspberry leaves, inflorescences, and fruits could effectively combat three Gram-positive bacteria. According to the findings, among the various plant parts, root and seed extracts had the lowest antibacterial activity. Data revealed moderate, weak, or very weak correlation between the antimicrobial activity and phenolic content parameters. These findings underscore the viability of substituting synthetic antimicrobials with natural alternatives. The present study is significant for preparing novel products as antibacterials by appropriate and optimized processing using all raspberry morphological parts, and the research results show promising prospects for future purposeful utilisation of nature-based products. Raspberry plant parts can find applications in emerging fields that generate economic and environmental value.
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