There is limited recent evidence about infective endocarditis (IE) in HIV-infected patients. Our aim was to compare IE according to HIV infection presence.BACKGROUNDThere is limited recent evidence ...about infective endocarditis (IE) in HIV-infected patients. Our aim was to compare IE according to HIV infection presence.Consecutive inclusion of IE patients at 46 Spanish hospitals between 2008 and 2021.METHODSConsecutive inclusion of IE patients at 46 Spanish hospitals between 2008 and 2021.From 5667 patients, 99 were HIV-infected (1·7%; 50 intravenous drugs users). Compared to patients without HIV, HIV-infected patients were more frequently male (84% vs. 67%), had younger median age (46 vs. 69 years), and less comorbidities, except liver disease (52% vs. 9%) and intravenous drug use (51% vs. 1%). They had more common tricuspid location (36% vs. 5%) and community-acquired IE (82% vs. 63%), vascular (29% vs. 17%) and cutaneous (22% vs. 7%) foci of infection, and Staphylococcus aureus aetiology (46% vs. 22%). Vegetations (84% vs. 72%), vascular phenomena (17% vs. 9%), splenomegaly (30% vs. 11%), and embolisation (41% vs 21%) were also more common. Surgical indication and surgery were less frequent in HIV-infected patients (54% vs 67%, 28% vs 47%, respectively). Median CD4 count in HIV-infected patients was 318 cells/mm3. In-hospital mortality (23% vs. 26%) and one-year mortality (25% vs. 32%) were similar in both groups. HIV infection was not independently associated with in-hospital (odds ratio 1·1, 95% CI 0·6-1·9) nor one-year mortality (hazard ratio 0·8, 95% CI 0·4-1·3).RESULTSFrom 5667 patients, 99 were HIV-infected (1·7%; 50 intravenous drugs users). Compared to patients without HIV, HIV-infected patients were more frequently male (84% vs. 67%), had younger median age (46 vs. 69 years), and less comorbidities, except liver disease (52% vs. 9%) and intravenous drug use (51% vs. 1%). They had more common tricuspid location (36% vs. 5%) and community-acquired IE (82% vs. 63%), vascular (29% vs. 17%) and cutaneous (22% vs. 7%) foci of infection, and Staphylococcus aureus aetiology (46% vs. 22%). Vegetations (84% vs. 72%), vascular phenomena (17% vs. 9%), splenomegaly (30% vs. 11%), and embolisation (41% vs 21%) were also more common. Surgical indication and surgery were less frequent in HIV-infected patients (54% vs 67%, 28% vs 47%, respectively). Median CD4 count in HIV-infected patients was 318 cells/mm3. In-hospital mortality (23% vs. 26%) and one-year mortality (25% vs. 32%) were similar in both groups. HIV infection was not independently associated with in-hospital (odds ratio 1·1, 95% CI 0·6-1·9) nor one-year mortality (hazard ratio 0·8, 95% CI 0·4-1·3).In the combined antiretroviral therapy era, less than 2% of IE patients have HIV infection. HIV-infected patients have a different clinical profile than those without HIV, but the presence of HIV does not seem to impact on IE prognosis.CONCLUSIONSIn the combined antiretroviral therapy era, less than 2% of IE patients have HIV infection. HIV-infected patients have a different clinical profile than those without HIV, but the presence of HIV does not seem to impact on IE prognosis.
La Sociedad Española de Medicina Tropical y Salud Internacional (SEMTSI), la Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC), la Sociedad Española de Medicina de ...Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) y la Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (SEMFYC) han elaborado un documento de consenso sobre el diagnóstico y manejo de pacientes con enfermedades febriles importadas.
Veinte autores que representaban diferentes perspectivas de la atención médica (atención primaria ambulatoria, especialistas en medicina tropical y del viajero, urgencias, atención hospitalaria, microbiología y parasitología y salud pública), identificaron 39 preguntas clínicamente relevantes, que se organizaron en 7 bloques temáticos. Tras una revisión sistemática de la literatura, los autores elaboraron 125 recomendaciones, así como varias tablas e imágenes para ser utilizadas como herramientas de consulta. Este resumen ejecutivo muestra una selección de las preguntas y recomendaciones más relevantes incluidas en las presentes guías.
The Spanish Society of Tropical Medicine and International Health (SEMTSI), the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) and the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC) have elaborated a consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with imported febrile illnesses.
Twenty authors with different backgrounds and representing different healthcare perspectives (ambulatory primary care, travel and tropical medicine specialists, emergency medicine, hospital care, microbiology and parasitology and public health), identified 39 relevant questions, which were organized in 7 thematic blocks. After a systematic review of the literature and a thoughtful discussion, the authors elaborated 125 recommendations, as well as several tables and figures to be used as a consulting tool. The present executive summary shows a selection of some of the most relevant questions and recommendations included in the guidelines.
The Spanish Society of Tropical Medicine and International Health (SEMTSI), the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine ...(SEMES), the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) and the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC) have prepared a consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with imported febrile illnesses.
Twenty authors with different backgrounds and representing different healthcare perspectives (ambulatory primary care, travel and tropical medicine specialists, emergency medicine, hospital care, microbiology and parasitology and public health), identified 39 relevant questions, which were organised in 7 thematic blocks. After a systematic review of the literature and a thoughtful discussion, the authors prepared 125 recommendations, as well as several tables and figures to be used as a consulting tool. The present executive summary shows a selection of some of the most relevant questions and recommendations included in the guidelines.
La Sociedad Española de Medicina Tropical y Salud Internacional (SEMTSI), la Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC), la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES), la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) y la Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (SEMFYC) han elaborado un documento de consenso sobre el diagnóstico y manejo de pacientes con enfermedades febriles importadas.
Veinte autores que representaban diferentes perspectivas de la atención médica (atención primaria ambulatoria, especialistas en medicina tropical y del viajero, urgencias, atención hospitalaria, microbiología y parasitología y salud pública), identificaron 39 preguntas clínicamente relevantes, que se organizaron en 7 bloques temáticos. Tras una revisión sistemática de la literatura, los autores elaboraron 125 recomendaciones, así como varias tablas e imágenes para ser utilizadas como herramientas de consulta. Este resumen ejecutivo muestra una selección de las preguntas y recomendaciones más relevantes incluidas en las presentes guías.
The possible renal toxicity of certain antibiotics (AB) is well known. The objective of our work is to know the possible effect of AB treatments in the development of renal failure (RF) in patients ...with infective endocarditis (IE).
Collection from a national multi-centre registry of collection on renal function, both prior and its impairment, if any, during the treatment of IE and in relation to possible causative factors, including the use of AB.
Between 2008 and 2012, 1,853 episodes of IE reported from 26 Spanish centres were analysed. Of these, 21.6% had prior RF. They developed new RF or impairment of renal function in 38.7% of the cases. In patients with prior RF, impairment was more frequent (64 vs. 31.7%, P<.001). Overall, patients with RF were older (70.6 vs. 67 years, P<.01), had more comorbidities (Charlson index 5 vs. 4, P<.01), and IE by Staphylococcus aureus (32.1 vs. 16.5%, P<.01). Potentially nephrotoxic AB use was only associated with RF in patients without prior RF (aminoglycosides: OR=1.47 95% CI 1.096-1.988, P=.010; aminoglycosides with vancomycin: OR=1.49 95% CI 1.069-2.09, P=.019).
In patients without prior RF, the use of nephrotoxic AB is associated with impairment of renal function. In patients with RF prior to the IE episode, impairment of renal function was more frequent but appears to be more related to the severity of infection.
The possible renal toxicity of certain antibiotics (AB) is well known. The objective of our work is to know the possible effect of AB treatments in the development of renal failure (RF) in patients ...with infective endocarditis (IE).
Collection from a national multi-centre registry of collection on renal function, both prior and its impairment, if any, during the treatment of IE and in relation to possible causative factors, including the use of AB.
Between 2008 and 2012, 1853 episodes of IE reported from 26 Spanish centres were analyzed. Of these, 21.6% had prior RF. They developed new RF or impairment of renal function in 38.7% of the cases. In patients with prior RF, impairment was more frequent (64 vs 31.7%, p<0.001). Overall, patients with RF were older (70.6 vs 67 years, p<0.01), had more comorbidities (Charlson index 5 vs 4, p<0.01), and IE by Staphylococcus aureus (32.1 vs 16.5%, p<0.01). Potentially nephrotoxic AB use was only associated with RF in patients without prior RF (aminoglycosides: OR=1.47 95% CI 1.096–1.988, p=0.010; aminoglycosides with vancomycin: OR=1.49 95% CI 1.069–2.09, p=0.019).
In patients without prior RF, the use of nephrotoxic AB is associated with impairment of renal function. In patients with RF prior to the IE episode, impairment of renal function was more frequent but appears to be more related to the severity of infection.
La toxicidad renal de ciertos antibióticos (AB) es conocida. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es conocer el posible efecto de los tratamientos AB en el desarrollo de insuficiencia renal (IR) en pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa (EI).
Recogida en un registro nacional multicéntrico de los datos referentes a la función renal, tanto previa como su deterioro si existiese, durante el tratamiento de las EI y relacionarlo con los posibles factores causantes, entre ellos los AB.
Entre 2008 y 2012 se han analizado 1.853 episodios de EI remitidos desde 26 centros españoles. De ellos, un 21,6% presentaban una alteración previa de la función renal. Desarrollaron IR de novo o un empeoramiento de la función renal previa un 38,7% de los casos. En aquellos pacientes que presentaban IR previa, el deterioro fue más frecuente (64 frente a 31,7%; p<0,001). Globalmente los pacientes con IR tenían más edad (70,6 frente a 67 años; p<0,01) y comorbilidades (índice de Charlson 5 frente a 4; p<0,01), y la EI era por Staphylococcus aureus (32,1 frente a 16,5%; p<0,01). El uso de AB potencialmente nefrotóxicos solo se asoció a IR en el grupo de pacientes sin IR previa (aminoglucósidos: OR=1,47 IC 95% 1,096–1,988, p=0,010; aminoglucósidos-vancomicina: OR=1,49 IC 95% 1,069–2,09, p=0,019).
En pacientes sin IR previa, los AB nefrotóxicos se asocian a un deterioro de la función renal. En pacientes con IR previa al episodio de EI, el deterioro de renal fue más frecuente, pero parece estar más relacionado con la gravedad de la infección.
