Airborne laser scanning (ALS) became very popular in the last two decades for archaeological prospection. With the state-wide availability of ALS-data in Lower Saxony, Germany, about 48,000 km², we ...needed flexible and scalable approaches to process the data. First, we produced a state-wide digital terrain model (DTM) and some visualisations of it to use it in standard GIS software. Some of these visualisations are available as web maps and used for prospection also by volunteers. In a second approach, we automatically generate maps for all known archaeological objects. This is mainly used for the documentation of the 130,000 known objects in Lower Saxony, but also for object-by-object revision of the database. These Maps will also be presented in the web portal “Denkmalatlas Niedersachsen”, an open data imitative of the state Lower Saxony.In the first part of this paper, we show how the state-wide DTM and its visualisations can be calculated using tiles. In the second part, we describe the automatic map generation process. All implementations were done with ArcGIS and its scripting interface ArcPy.
The mechanisms underlying development of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) autoantibodies are unclear. The U1-70K protein is the predominant target of RNP autoantibodies, and the RNA binding domain has been ...shown to be the immunodominant autoantigenic region of U1-70K, although the specific epitopes are not known. To precisely map U1-70K epitopes, we developed silicon-based peptide microarrays with >5700 features, corresponding to 843 unique peptides derived from the U1-70K protein. The microarrays feature overlapping peptides, with single-amino acid resolution in length and location, spanning amino acids 110-170 within the U1-70K RNA binding domain. We evaluated the serum IgG of a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; n = 26) using the microarrays, and identified multiple reactive epitopes, including peptides 116-121 and 143-148. Indirect peptide ELISA analysis of the sera of patients with SLE (n = 88) revealed that ∼14% of patients had serum IgG reactivity to 116-121, while reactivity to 143-148 appeared to be limited to a single patient. SLE patients with serum reactivity to 116-121 had significantly lower SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores at the time of sampling, compared to non-reactive patients. Minimal reactivity to the peptides was observed in the sera of healthy controls (n = 92). Competitive ELISA showed antibodies to 116-121 bind a common epitope in U1-70K (68-72) and the matrix protein M1 of human influenza B viruses. Institutional Review Boards approved this study. Knowledge of the precise epitopes of U1-70K autoantibodies may provide insight into the mechanisms of development of anti-RNP, identify potential clinical biomarkers and inform ongoing clinical trails of peptide-based therapeutics.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Residual lobar volume reduction in treated lobes measured by QCT was found to be the driving mechanism of action of endobronchial coils leading to positive clinical outcomes. However, the improvement ...in exercise capacity and quality of life seems to be affected by the presence of cardiac disease.
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ABSTRACT
Background and objective
The RENEW trial demonstrated that bronchoscopic lung volume reduction using endobronchial coils improves quality of life, pulmonary function and exercise performance. In this post hoc analysis of RENEW, we examine the mechanism of action of endobronchial coils that drives improvement in clinical outcomes.
Methods
A total of 78 patients from the RENEW coil‐treated group who were treated in one or both lobes that were deemed as the most destroyed were included in this retrospective analysis. Expiratory and inspiratory HRCT scans were used to assess lobar volume change from baseline to 12 months post coil treatment in treated and untreated lobes.
Results
Reduction in lobar RV in treated lobes was significantly associated with favourable clinical improvement. Independent predictor of the change in RV and FEV1 was the change in lobar RV reduction in the treated lobes and for change in 6MWD the absence of cardiac disease and the change in SGRQ, while the independent predictor of change in SGRQ was the change in 6MWD.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that residual lobar volume reduction in treated lobes measured by QCT is the driving mechanism of action of endobronchial coils leading to positive clinical outcomes. However, the improvement in exercise capacity and quality of life seems to be affected by the presence of cardiac disease.
ObjectiveTo identify the determinants and measure the trends in health facility-based deliveries and caesarean sections among married adolescent girls in Bangladesh.MethodsIn order to measure the ...trends in health facility-based deliveries and caesarean sections, Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) data sets were analysed (BDHS; 1993–1994, 1996–1997, 1999–2000, 2004, 2007, 2011). The BDHS 2011 data sets were analysed to identify the determinants of health facility-based deliveries and caesarean sections. A total of 2813 adolescent girls (aged 10–19 years) were included for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsHealth facility-based deliveries have continuously increased among adolescents in Bangladesh over the past two decades from 3% in 1993–1994 to 24.5% in 2011. Rates of population-based and facility-based caesarean sections have increased linearly among all age groups of women including adolescents. Although the country's overall (population-based) caesarean section rate among adolescents was within acceptable range (11.6%), a rate of nearly 50% health facility level caesarean sections among adolescent girls is alarming. Among adolescent girls, use of antenatal care (ANC) appeared to be the most important predictor of health facility-based delivery (OR: 4.04; 95% CI 2.73 to 5.99), whereas the wealth index appeared as the most important predictor of caesarean sections (OR: 5.7; 95% CI 2.74 to 12.1).ConclusionsMaternal health-related interventions should be more targeted towards adolescent girls in order to encourage them to access ANC and promote health facility-based delivery. Rising trends of caesarean sections require further investigation on indication and provider–client-related determinants of these interventions among adolescent girls in Bangladesh.
Fragile X syndrome is a common form of inherited mental retardation. Most fragile X patients exhibit mutations in the fragile X mental retardation gene 1 (FMR1) that lead to transcriptional silencing ...and hence to the absence of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Since FMRP is an RNA-binding protein which associates with polyribosomes, it had been proposed to function as a regulator of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In the present study, we show that FMRP strongly inhibits translation of various mRNAs at nanomolar concentrations in both rabbit reticulocyte lysate and microinjected Xenopus laevis oocytes. This effect is specific for FMRP, since other proteins with similar RNA-binding domains, including the autosomal homologues of FMRP, FXR1 and FXR2, failed to suppress translation in the same concentration range. Strikingly, a disease-causing Ile-->Asn substitution at amino acid position 304 (I304N) renders FMRP incapable of interfering with translation in both test systems. Initial studies addressing the underlying mechanism of inhibition suggest that FMRP inhibits the assembly of 80S ribosomes on the target mRNAs. The failure of FMRP I304N to suppress translation is not due to its reduced affinity for mRNA or its interacting proteins FXR1 and FXR2. Instead, the I304N point mutation severely impairs homo-oligomerization of FMRP. Our data support the notion that inhibition of translation may be a function of FMRP in vivo. We further suggest that the failure of FMRP to oligomerize, caused by the I304N mutation, may contribute to the pathophysiological events leading to fragile X syndrome.
Background Arteriogenesis (collateral artery growth) is nature’s most efficient rescue mechanism to overcome the fatal consequences of arterial occlusion or stenosis. The goal of this trial was to ...investigate the effect of external counterpulsation (ECP) on coronary collateral artery growth.
Materials and methods A total of 23 patients (age 61 ± 2·5 years) with stable coronary artery disease and at least one haemodynamic significant stenosis eligible for percutaneous coronary intervention were prospectively recruited into the two study groups in a 2 : 1 manner (ECP : control). One group (ECP group, n = 16) underwent 35 1‐h sessions of ECP in 7 weeks. In the control group (n = 7), the natural course of collateral circulation over 7 weeks was evaluated. All patients underwent a cardiac catheterization at baseline and after 7 weeks, with invasive measurements of the pressure‐derived collateral flow index (CFIp, primary endpoint) and fractional flow reserve (FFR).
Results In the ECP group, the CFIp (from 0·08 ± 0·01 to 0·15 ± 0·02; P < 0·001) and FFR (from 0·68 ± 0·03 to 0·79 ± 0·03; P = 0·001) improved significantly, while in the control group no change was observed. Only the ECP group showed a reduction of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS, P = 0·008) and New York Heart Association (NYHA, P < 0·001) classification.
Conclusion In this study, we provide direct functional evidence for the stimulation of coronary arteriogenesis via ECP in patients with stable coronary artery disease. These data might open a novel noninvasive and preventive treatment avenue for patients with non‐acute vascular stenotic disease.
Scholars who analyze multinational enterprises (MNEs) recognize the complex relationship between international business (IB) and society. However, compared with other IB topics, research on politics, ...corruption and corporate social responsibility - 'three lenses' on the MNE - remains somewhat embryonic, with unresolved issues regarding frameworks, measurement, methods, and theory. This presents unique opportunities for integration and extension of disciplinary perspectives, which we explore in this article. We provide an introduction to potential linkages across these three lenses, an agenda for additional theoretical and empirical research, and a review of the papers in the JIBS Focused Issue.
Disruption of the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene leads to selective loss of spinal motor neurons, resulting in the fatal human neurodegenerative disorder spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMN has been ...shown to function in spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) biogenesis and pre-mRNA splicing. We have demonstrated that SMN also interacts with fibrillarin, a highly conserved nucleolar protein that is associated with all Box C/D small nucleolar RNAs and functions in processing and modification of rRNA. Fibrillarin and SMN co-immunoprecipitate from HeLa cell extracts indicating that the proteins exist as a complex in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro binding studies indicate that the interaction between SMN and fibrillarin is direct and salt-stable. We show that the glycine/arginine-rich domain of fibrillarin is necessary and sufficient for SMN binding and that the region of SMN encoded by exon 3, including the Tudor domain, mediates the binding of fibrillarin. Tudor domain missense mutations, including one found in an SMA patient, impair the interaction between SMN and fibrillarin (as well as the common snRNP protein SmB). Our results suggest a function for SMN in small nucleolar RNP biogenesis (akin to its known role as an snRNP assembly factor) and reveal a potential link between small nucleolar RNP biogenesis and SMA.
Importance RECOVER-Adult is a combined prospective/retrospective cohort currently planned to enroll 14,880 adults aged greater than or equal to18 years. Eligible participants either must meet WHO ...criteria for suspected, probable, or confirmed infection; or must have evidence of no prior infection. Recruitment occurs at 86 sites in 33 U.S. states, Washington, DC and Puerto Rico, via facility- and community-based outreach. Participants complete quarterly questionnaires about symptoms, social determinants, vaccination status, and interim SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, participants contribute biospecimens and undergo physical and laboratory examinations at approximately 0, 90 and 180 days from infection or negative test date, and yearly thereafter. Some participants undergo additional testing based on specific criteria or random sampling. Patient representatives provide input on all study processes. The primary study outcome is onset of PASC, measured by signs and symptoms. A paradigm for identifying PASC cases will be defined and updated using supervised and unsupervised learning approaches with cross-validation. Logistic regression and proportional hazards regression will be conducted to investigate associations between risk factors, onset, and resolution of PASC symptoms. RECOVER-Adult is the first national, prospective, longitudinal cohort of PASC among US adults. Results of this study are intended to inform public health, spur clinical trials, and expand treatment options.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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