Gloves represent an essential feature for hand protection because it is a requirement in the professional framework to comply with both hand hygiene standards and the principles of good laboratory ...practice. Despite their wide use, there is a knowledge gap regarding their composition, including phthalates. The purpose of the present study was to develop two orthogonal methods, GC–MS and HPLC–DAD, for the screening of plasticizers in gloves. Performances of these two methods were compared in terms of ease of use, number of analyzed plasticizers, and sample preparation. The two methods were validated and applied for the identification and quantification of plasticizers in ten gloves made with different materials (vinyl, nitrile, latex, and neoprene). Results revealed the presence of three main ones: DEHP, DEHT, and DINP. Additionally, the contents of plasticizers were extremely variable, depending on the glove material. As expected, the results point out a predominant use of plasticizers in vinyl gloves with an amount that should be of concern. While DEHP is classified as a toxic substance for reproduction 1B, it was, however, quantified in the ten different glove samples studied. This study provides new data regarding the plasticizers’ content in protective gloves, which could be useful for risk assessment.
Six long‐chain peptaibols, 1 – 6, were identified from agar cultures of a marine‐derived Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai strain (MMS151) isolated from blue mussels. The structure elucidation was ...carried out using electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI‐IT‐MS) and GC/EI‐MS. The long‐chain peptaibols exhibited the general building scheme Ac‐Aib‐Ala‐Aib‐Ala‐Aib‐XXX‐Gln‐Aib‐Vxx‐Aib‐Gly‐XXX‐Aib‐Pro‐Vxx‐Aib‐XXX‐Gln‐Gln‐Pheol and were similar or identical to recurrent 20‐residue peptaibols produced by Trichoderma spp. Three new sequences were identified and were called longibrachins A‐0, A‐II‐a, and A‐IV‐b. The isolated peptaibols were assayed for cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities, and acute toxicity on Dipteran larvae.
A marine strain of
Trichoderma longibrachiatum isolated from blue mussels (
Mytilus edulis) was investigated for short peptaibol production. Various 11-residue peptaibols, obtained as ...microheterogenous mixtures after a chromatographic fractionation, were identified by positive mass spectrometry fragmentation (ESI-IT-MS
n, CID-MS
n and GC/EI-MS). Thirty sequences were identified, which is the largest number of analogous sequences so far observed at once. Twenty-one sequences were new, and nine others corresponded to peptaibols already described. These peptaibols belonged to the same peptidic family based on the model Ac-Aib-xxx-xxx-xxx-Aib-Pro-xxx-xxx-Aib-Pro-xxol. They were named trichobrachin A when the residue in position 2 was an Asn, and trichobrachin C when it was a Gln. Major chromatographic sub-fractions, corresponding to purified peptaibols, were assayed for their cytotoxic activity. Trichobrachin A-IX and trichobrachin C exhibited the highest activities. There was an exponential relation between their relative hydrophobicity and their cytotoxicity on KB cells.
Two conjugate sesquiterterpenes, a phenylpropanoid and an aporphine alkaloid were isolated in addition to several known compounds from cyclohexane, dichloromethane and alkaloid extracts of the bark ...of
Pachypodanthium confine. The structures of these compounds were established based on interpretation of their high resolution NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY and NOESY) spectral data.
Two sesquiterpene-trimethoxystyrene conjugates (
E)-1-3′-(4″,8″-dimethylnona-3″,7″-dienyl)cyclohex-3′-enyl-2,4,5-trimethoxybenzene (
1) and (
Z)-1-3′-(4″,8″-dimethylnona-3″,7″-dienyl)cyclohex-3′-enyl-2,4,5-trimethoxybenzene (
2), a phenylpropanoid 1,2,4-trimethoxy-5-(1-methoxy-ethyl)-benzene (
3), and an aporphine alkaloid
N-acetylpachypodanthine (
4), were isolated in addition to several known compounds from cyclohexane, dichloromethane and alkaloid extracts from bark of
Pachypodanthium confine. The structures of these compounds were established based on the interpretation of their high resolution NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY and NOESY) spectral data.
The essential oil of aerial parts of Cachrys libanotis L. (Apiaceae) from east Algeria was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Thirty-one compounds were identified, the ...main components being germacrene-D (18.0%), γ-terpinene (6.4%), p-cymene (5.5%), caryophyllene oxide (5.1%), and limonene (5.1%).
Indoor air quality in health care facilities is a major public health concern, particularly for immunocompromised patients who may be exposed to microbiological contaminants such as molds, ...mycotoxins, endotoxins, and (1,3)-ß-D-glucans. Over 2 years, bioaerosols were collected on a monthly basis in a cancer treatment center (Centre F. Baclesse, Normandy, France), characterized from areas where there was no any particular air treatment. Results showed the complexity of mycoflora in bioaerosols with more than 100 fungal species identified. A list of major strains in hospital environments could be put forward due to the frequency, the concentration level, and/or the capacity to produce mycotoxins in vitro:
Aspergillus fumigatus
,
Aspergillus melleus
,
Aspergillus niger
,
Aspergillus versicolor
,
Cladosporium herbarum
,
Purpureocillium lilacinum
, and
Penicillium brevicompactum
. The mean levels of viable airborne fungal particles were less than 30.530 CFU per m
3
of air and were correlated to the total number of 0.30 to 20 μm particles. Seasonal variations were observed with fungal particle peaks during the summer and autumn. Statistical analysis showed that airborne fungal particle levels depended on the relative humidity level which could be a useful indicator of fungal contamination. Finally, the exposure to airborne mycotoxins was very low (only 3 positive samples), and no mutagenic activity was found in bioaerosols. Nevertheless, some fungal strains such as
Aspergillus versicolor
or
Penicillium brevicompactum
showed toxigenic potential in vitro.
The conditions of the use of the manganese/porphyrin/imidazole system needed to be improved in order to obtain larger amounts of models of metabolites. An increase of the oxidation yields and a ...better preservation of this catalytic system have been obtained on the examples of various alkanes, by an acid addition in the reaction mixture. Three manganoporphyrins were checked for evaluation of the reaction. These results were extended to molecules of therapeutical interest such as ibuprofen and phenylbutazone.
A simple and versatile method for the preparation of various ergoline or secoergoline skeleton, using 2-substituted-3,7-dinitro-11-oxatricycloundec-9-ene as key intermediates, is described. The key ...step involves an IMDAF reaction with an excellent stereocontrol. This novel synthetic route provides new cycloadducts as useful scaffolds for Ergot alkaloids synthesis.
Graphic
PDF
