The Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) was designed to investigate the deficit of electron neutrinos νe observed in previous gallium-based radiochemical measurements with high-intensity ...neutrino sources, commonly referred to as the "gallium anomaly," which could be interpreted as evidence for oscillations between νe and sterile neutrino (νs) states. A 3.414-MCi 51Cr νe source was placed at the center of two nested Ga volumes and measurements were made of the production of 71Ge through the charged current reaction, 71Ga(νe,e-)71Ge, at two average distances. The measured production rates for the inner and the outer targets, respectively, are 54.9$_{-2.4}^{+2.5}$(stat)±1.4(syst) and 55.6$_{-2.6}^{+2.7}$(stat)±1.4(syst) atoms of 71Ge/d. The ratio (R) of the measured rate of 71Ge production at each distance to the expected rate from the known cross section and experimental efficiencies are Rin=0.79±0.05 and Rout=0.77±0.05. The ratio of the outer to the inner result is 0.97±0.07, which is consistent with unity within uncertainty. The rates at each distance were found to be similar, but 20%-24% lower than expected, thus reaffirming the anomaly. Therefore these results are consistent with νe→νs oscillations with a relatively large Δm2 (> 0.5 eV2) and mixing sin22θ (≈0.4).
We report the first results on a direct search for a new 16.7 MeV boson (X) which could explain the anomalous excess of e^{+}e^{-} pairs observed in the excited ^{8}Be^{*} nucleus decays. Because of ...its coupling to electrons, the X could be produced in the bremsstrahlung reaction e^{-}Z→e^{-}ZX by a 100 GeV e^{-} beam incident on an active target in the NA64 experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron and observed through the subsequent decay into a e^{+}e^{-} pair. With 5.4×10^{10} electrons on target, no evidence for such decays was found, allowing us to set first limits on the X-e^{-} coupling in the range 1.3×10^{-4}≲ε_{e}≲4.2×10^{-4} excluding part of the allowed parameter space. We also set new bounds on the mixing strength of photons with dark photons (A^{'}) from nonobservation of the decay A^{'}→e^{+}e^{-} of the bremsstrahlung A^{'} with a mass ≲23 MeV.
Well-structured and adopting a pedagogical approach, this self-contained monograph covers the fundamentals of scanning probe microscopy, showing how to use the techniques for investigating physical ...and chemical properties on the nanoscale and how they can be used for a wide range of soft materials. It concludes with a section on the latest techniques in nanomanipulation and patterning. This first book to focus on the applications is a must-have for both newcomers and established researchers using scanning probe microscopy in soft matter research. From the contents: * Atomic Force Microscopy and Other Advanced Imaging Modes * Probing of Mechanical, Thermal Chemical and Electrical Properties * Amorphous, Poorly Ordered and Organized Polymeric Materials * Langmuir-Blodgett and Layer-by-Layer Structures * Multi-Component Polymer Systems and Fibers * Colloids and Microcapsules * Biomaterials and Biological Structures * Nanolithography with Intrusive AFM Tipand Dip-Pen Nanolithography * Microcantilever-Based Sensors
This concise and systematic account of the current state of this new branch of astrophysics presents the theoretical foundations of plasma astrophysics, magneto-hydrodynamics and coronal magnetic ...structures, taking into account the full range of available observation techniques -- from radio to gamma. The book discusses stellar loops during flare energy releases, MHD waves and oscillations, plasma instabilities and heating and charged particle acceleration. Current trends and developments in MHD seismology of solar and stellar coronal plasma systems are also covered, while recent progress is presented in the observational study of quasi-periodic pulsations in solar and stellar flares with radio, optical, X and gamma rays. In addition, the authors investigate the origin of coherent radio emission from stellar loops, paying special attention to their fine structure. For advanced students and specialists in astronomy, as well as theoretical and plasma physics.
A search for sub-GeV dark matter production mediated by a new vector boson A′, called a dark photon, is performed by the NA64 experiment in missing energy events from 100 GeV electron interactions in ...an active beam dump at the CERN SPS. From the analysis of the data collected in the years 2016, 2017, and 2018 with 2.84×1011 electrons on target no evidence of such a process has been found. The most stringent constraints on the A′ mixing strength with photons and the parameter space for the scalar and fermionic dark matter in the mass range ≲0.2 GeV are derived, thus demonstrating the power of the active beam dump approach for the dark matter search.
The ratio of the elastic e(+)p to e(-)p scattering cross sections has been measured precisely, allowing the determination of the two-photon exchange contribution to these processes. This neglected ...contribution is believed to be the cause of the discrepancy between the Rosenbluth and polarization transfer methods of measuring the proton electromagnetic form factors. The experiment was performed at the VEPP-3 storage ring at beam energies of 1.6 and 1.0 GeV and at lepton scattering angles between 15° and 105°. The data obtained show evidence of a significant two-photon exchange effect. The results are compared with several theoretical predictions.
The challenges of the modern society and the growing demand of high-technology sectors of industrial production bring about a new phase in the development of organic synthesis. A cutting edge of ...modern synthetic methods is introduction of functional groups and more complex structural units into organic molecules with unprecedented control over the course of chemical transformation. Analysis of the state-of-the-art achievements in selective organic synthesis indicates the appearance of a new trend - the synthesis of organic molecules, biologically active compounds, pharmaceutical substances and smart materials with absolute selectivity. Most advanced approaches to organic synthesis anticipated in the near future can be defined as 'atomic precision' in chemical reactions. The present review considers selective methods of organic synthesis suitable for transformation of complex functionalized molecules under mild conditions. Selected key trends in the modern organic synthesis are considered including the preparation of organofluorine compounds, catalytic cross-coupling and oxidative cross-coupling reactions, atom-economic addition reactions, methathesis processes, oxidation and reduction reactions, synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, design of new homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems, application of photocatalysis, scaling up synthetic procedures to industrial level and development of new approaches to investigation of mechanisms of catalytic reactions. The bibliography includes 840 references.
Observation of K+→π+π0π0γ decay Artamonov, A. V.; Bychkov, V. N.; Donskov, S. V. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
04/2024, Letnik:
84, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The
K
+
→
π
+
π
0
π
0
γ
decay is observed by the OKA collaboration. About 60 events of the decay observed with signal:noise
≈
1
. The branching ratio obtained by normalization to
K
+
→
π
+
π
0
π
0
is ...measured to be
(
3.7
±
0.9
(
s
t
a
t
)
±
0.3
(
s
y
s
t
)
)
×
10
-
6
for
E
γ
∗
>
10
MeV
. The branching ratio,
γ
energy spectrum and angular distribution are consistent with ChPT prediction.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A high-statistics data sample of the
K
+
decays is recorded by the OKA collaboration. A missing mass analysis is performed to search for a light invisible pseudoscalar axion-like particle (ALP)
a
in ...the decay
K
+
→
π
+
π
0
a
. No signal is observed, and the upper limits for the branching ratio of the decay are calculated. The
90
%
confidence level upper limit changes from
2.5
·
10
-
6
to
2
·
10
-
7
for the ALP mass from 0 to 200 MeV/
c
2
, except for the region of
π
0
mass, where the upper limit is
4.4
·
10
-
6
.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
On the statistics of ~1.7 × 10
8
interactions of positively charged kaons on copper nuclei, coherent events of the
K
+
π
0
system production are selected. The cross sections for the Coulomb and ...coherent strong components and their interference in the region of the
K
*(892) meson are measured. The partial width for the decay
K
*(892) →
K
+
γ is determined. When studying the mass spectrum of the
K
+
π
0
system, an effect which can be interpreted as the interference of the chiral anomaly and the
K
*(892)
s
-channel amplitudes is found. This gives an estimate for the ratio of the observed amplitude of the chiral anomaly to the theoretical one:
A
exp
/
A
th
= 0.9 ± 0.24(stat.) ± 0.3(syst.).
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