Obstructive Sleep Apnea is one common form of sleep apnea and is now tested by means of a process called Polysomnography which is time-consuming, expensive and also requires a human observer ...throughout the study of the subject which makes it inconvenient and new detection techniques are now being developed to overcome these difficulties. Heart rate variability has proven to be related to sleep apnea episodes and thus the features from the ECG signal can be used in the detection of sleep apnea. The proposed detection technique uses Support Vector Machines using Grid search algorithm and the classifier is trained using features based on heart rate variability derived from the ECG signal. The developed system is tested using the dataset and the results show that this classification system can recognize the disorder with an accuracy rate of 89%. Further, the use of the grid search algorithm has made this system a reliable and an accurate means for the classification of sleep apnea and can serve as a basis for the future development of its screening.
Background/Aim
Patients with variceal band ligation (VBL)-induced ulcer bleeding and those with persisting bleeding in spite of VBL carry a high mortality. Balloon tamponade and transjugular ...intrahepatic portosystemic shunt have limitations in terms of complications, cost, and availability. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of Sx-Ella Danis stent in persistent or complicated variceal bleeding.
Methods
Twelve patients with either persistent variceal bleeding or VBL-induced ulcer bleeding were treated with the placement of Sx-Ella Danis stents. The patients were followed up for mortality, complications, and efficacy to control bleeding.
Results
Stents were inserted successfully in all 12 patients (with immediate hemostasis). There was an immediate cessation of bleeding in all 12 patients with no stent-related complication. Five out of 12 patients died during 30 days post-procedure due to worsening encephalopathy or sepsis. Enteral feeding could be started in all 12 patients 6 h after stent placement. One patient had bleeding 10 days after stent removal and was re-stented but expired 7 days later. Stents were removed in eight patients at a mean duration of 17.5 days. (range 7 to 30 days).
Conclusions
Sx-Ella Danis stent is a useful modality to control persistent variceal bleeding as well VBL-related ulcer bleeding.
Water-soluble carbodiimides are widely used for carboxyl-amine conjugation. However, extremely variable and low yields, obtained under a variety of conditions, have been a serious problem in the ...coupling. A simple method, optimizing various parameters of the coupling reaction, in which N-hydroxysuccinimide is included to assist the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride-catalyzed amidation reaction is described. A product yield of up to 90% is routinely achieved.
Titanium and its alloys are materials that exhibit unique combination of mechanical and physical properties that enable their usage in various fields. In spite of having a lot of advantages, their ...usage is limited because they are difficult to machine due to their inherent properties of high specific heat capacity, reactivity with tool and low thermal conductivity thereby causing excessive tool wear. To facilitate the process of machining, it becomes necessary to find out and relieve the residual stress caused during machining. Since experiments cannot be performed for each instance, creation of an FE model is desirable. In this paper a finite element analysis (FEA) of the machining of Ti6Al4V for different cutting speeds is presented. A 3D finite element model is developed with the Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) as the workpiece and a four flute carbide tip end mill cutter as the tool to predict the residual stress developed within the titanium alloy after machining. The finite element model utilises the Johnson-Cook model to depict the plasticity and the damage criteria and implements the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation to increase the accuracy of the model. The FE model has been developed and the findings are presented. The results indicate that residual stresses are maximum at the surface and decrease linearly along the depth and increase as the cutting speed and depth of cut are increased.
ON THE ORBITS OF SOME METABELIAN GROUPS Sharma, Karnika; Bhat, Vijay Kumar
TWMS journal of applied and engineering mathematics,
07/2022, Letnik:
12, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this study, the orbits of non abelian metabelian groups of order 26, 28 and 30 are found using conjugation action. The non abelian metabelian groups considered in this study are some dihedral ...groups D.sub.13, D.sub.14 and D.sub.15 as well as the semidirect products D.sub.7 * Z.sub.2, D.sub.5 * Z.sub.3 and D.sub.3 * Z.sub.5. In order to obtain the orbit, the set of all pairs of commuting elements of the groups of size two is found. The results obtained from the orbits are then applied into an extension of commutativity degree which is the probability that an element of the groups fixes a set. Finally, the generalized conjugacy class graph is constructed and its chromatic number and clique number are also found. Keywords: Metabelian group, conjugacy class graph, complete graph, group action.
Formation of the dolichol oligosaccharide precursor is essential for the production of asparagine- (N-) linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans) in eukaryotic cells. The first step in precursor ...biosynthesis requires the enzyme UDP-GlcNAc: dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase (GPT). Without GPT activity, subsequent steps necessary in constructing the oligosaccharide precursor cannot occur. Inhibition of this biosynthetic step using tunicamycin, a GlcNAc analog, produces a deficiency in N-glycosylation in cell lines and embryonic lethality during preimplantation development in vitro, suggesting that Nglycan formation is essential in early embryogenesis. In exploring structure—function relationships among N-glycans, and since tunicamycin has various reported biochemical activities; we have generated a germline deletion in the mouse GPT gene. GPT mutant embryos were analyzed and the phenotypes obtained were compared with previous studies using tunicamycin. We find that embryos homozygous for a deletion in the GPT gene complete preimplantation development and also implant in the uterine epithelium, but die shortly thereafter between days 4–5 postfertilization with cell degeneration apparent among both embryonic and extraembryonic cell types. Of cells derived from these early embryos, neither trophoblast nor embryonic endodermal lineages are able to survive in culture in vitro. These results indicate that GPT function is essential in early embryogenesis and suggest that N-glycosylation is needed for the viability of cells comprising the peri-implantation stage embryo.
Recently, interest in effective utilization of natural fibers has grown because of the advantages these fibers offer over synthetic fibers. Chemical treatment of natural fibers helps in incorporating ...new functionalities into them. Hibiscus sabdariffa fibers for use in various applications were mercerized and modified by silane treatment. Morphological and structural changes of the fibers were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis along with DTG studies. The physicochemical (swelling in different solvents, moisture absorbance, water uptake, and chemical resistance) properties of these fibers were also measured.
Cancer chemotherapeutic agents are often administered systemically. Following systemic administration, numerous biological factors associated with the tumours influence the delivery of the drugs to ...the tumours. These factors have been extensively studied for the last 2 decades. The influence of these biological factors has brought about a drastic change in the design of drug delivery systems to solid tumours. This review discusses the various biological factors influencing drug delivery to tumours and the subsequent development of injectable delivery systems (i.e., lipid‐based nanoparticles (SLNs)) for adequate delivery of drug to solid tumours.
Background and aims. Gambling-related harm to concerned significant others (CSOs) is an important public health issue since it reduces CSOs' health and wellbeing in numerous life domains. This study ...aimed to 1) estimate the first national prevalence of CSOs harmed by gambling in Australia; 2) identify the characteristics of CSOs most at risk of harm from another person's gambling; 3) compare the types and number of harms experienced by CSOs based on their relationship to the person who gambles; and 4) compare the number of harms experienced by CSOs by self-identified gender. Methods. Based on a national CATI survey weighted to population norms, 11,560 respondents reported whether they had been personally and negatively affected by another person's gambling in the past 12 months; and if so, answered detailed questions about the harms experienced from the person's gambling who had harmed them the most. Results. Past-year prevalence of gambling-related harm to adult Australian CSOs was (6.0%; 95% CI 5.6%–6.5%). CSOs most commonly reported emotional harms, followed by relationship, financial, health and vocational harms, respectively. Former partners reported the most harm, followed by current partners, other family members and non-family members, respectively. Female CSOs were more likely to report more harm and being harmed by a partner or other family member, and male CSOs from a non-family member. Discussion and conclusions. The findings provide new insights into the wider societal burden of gambling and inform measures aimed at reducing harm to CSOs from gambling and supporting them to seek help.
Abstract Aim To assess the effect of diabetes on tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome and sputum conversion among new smear-positive (NSP) cases registered under Directly Observed Treatment Short ...Course in South India. Methods Details on sputum conversion and TB treatment outcome were collected from case records of NSP cases ( N = 332; M/F 247:85) registered at TB units of three districts in Tamil Nadu. Subjects were screened for diabetes and categorized as diabetic (TBDM) ( n = 96; 73:23) and non-diabetic (TBnonDM) ( n = 149; 109:40). Results Among 245 selected TB patients, 93.5% were cured, 1.6% completed TB treatment, 2% had TB treatment failure (TF), and 0.4% had treatment default (TD), 0.4% with MDR-TB and 2% death rate. At the end of intensive phase of TB treatment, 14.7% remained sputum positive in the TBDM group, whereas it was 3.5% in the TBnonDM group. Mean duration (days) for sputum conversion was higher in the TBDM group (64.2 ± 10.5) compared to the TBnonDM group (61.5 ± 7.5) ( p < 0.001). TF rate was higher (4.2% vs 0.7%) and MDR-TB (1%) was also seen in the TBDM group. No death and TD were seen among DM whereas it was 3.4 and 0.7% in TBnonDM. Conclusions Delayed sputum conversion and high TB treatment failure rates were common in NSP cases with diabetes.
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