A workshop was held at Fermilab November 8-9, 2013 to discuss the challenges of using high voltage in noble liquids. The participants spanned the fields of neutrino, dark matter, and electric dipole ...moment physics. All presentations at the workshop were made in plenary sessions. This document summarizes the experiences and lessons learned from experiments in these fields at developing high voltage systems in noble liquids.
PID techniques: Alternatives to RICH methods Va’vra, J.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2011, Letnik:
639, Številka:
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In this review article we discuss the recent progress in PID techniques other than the RICH methods. In particular we mention the recent progress in the Transition Radiation Detector (TRD), d
E/d
x ...cluster counting, and Time of Flight (TOF) techniques.
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Invited talk at RICH 2010, May 5, Cassis, France
Small FDIRC designs Dey, B.; Ratcliff, B.; Va’vra, J.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2017, Letnik:
876, Številka:
C
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In this article11The paper was presented at the RICH 2016 conference, Bled, Slovenia, September 2016. we explore the angular resolution limits attainable in small FDIRC designs taking advantage of ...the new highly pixelated detectors that are now available. Since the basic FDIRC design concept attains its particle separation performance mostly in the angular domain as measured by two-dimensional pixels, this paper relies primarily on a pixel-based analysis, with additional chromatic corrections using the time domain, requiring single photon timing resolution at a level of 100–200ps only. This approach differs from other modern DIRC design concepts such as TOP or TORCH detectors,22See presentation at this conference. whose separation performances rely more strongly on time-dependent analyses. We find excellent single photon resolution with a geometry where individual bars are coupled to a single plate, which is coupled in turn to a cylindrical lens focusing camera.
The focusing DIRC: An innovative PID detector Borsato, M.; Arnaud, N.; Dey, B. ...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment,
12/2013, Letnik:
732
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
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The FDIRC (Focusing Detector of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light) is a new concept of PID (Particle IDentification) detector aimed at separating kaons from pions up to a few GeV/c. It is the ...successor of the BABAR DIRC and benefits from the knowledge accumulated with a first FDIRC prototype built and operated at SLAC. The FDIRC is intended to be used in an environment with a luminosity 100 times higher than for BABAR and Belle. Backgrounds will be higher as well; yet, the FDIRC has been designed to perform at least as well as the BABAR DIRC. The main improvement is a complete redesign of the photon camera, moving from a huge tank of ultra-pure water to much smaller focusing cameras with solid fused-silica optics. Furthermore, the detection chain will be 10 times faster than in BABAR to reject more background and to measure more accurately Cherenkov angles. This is achieved using H-8500 MaPMTs and a new front-end electronics (FEE) with significantly improved timing precision, higher hit rate capability, and small dead time. A full-scale FDIRC prototype covering 1/12th of the barrel azimuth is installed at SLAC and has just started recording cosmic-ray data. In this paper, we summarize the FDIRC design, present the status of the prototype test at SLAC and review the ongoing work to analyse the data.
•Amino acid profiles of algal products from nine species of freshwater algae and seaweed were analysed.•Contribution of algal EAAs to their RDI in dependence on daily algal products intake was ...established.•Freshwater blue-green alga S. platensis and red seaweed P. palmata had the best amino acid profiles.•Products from Spirulina genus showed the highest participation of all EAAs in RDI.•Sulfur AAs were observed as the most abundant contributors to RDI in all algal samples.
In this paper, the amino acid profiles of algal products from diverse groups (Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Phaeophyta) were established. Contents of essential and non-essential amino acids varied in the range of 22.8–42.3 and 31.0–66.5 (g·16g−1N), respectively. In dependence on daily algal intakes, the highest participation in recommended daily intakes (RDI; related to adult, body weight of 70kg) of all EAAs was observed in freshwater micro-algal products, especially from Spirulina genus where contribution ranged from 12.6% (Lys, SB) to 38.8% (Thr, S). Generally, Lys was the lowest contributor to RDIs in almost all algal samples except Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C) and Palmaria palmata (D), where Ile and Leu, respectively, were established. Interestingly, the contents of sulfur AAs of both products of the Spirulina genus covered 74.5% (S) and 73.8% (SB) of their RDI. Finally, products from brown seaweeds showed the lowest contributions to the RDIs of all EAAs.
Long-term operational experience with the barrel CRID at SLD Va'vra, J.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/1999, Letnik:
433, Številka:
1
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The Barrel CRID detector has been operating successfully at SLD for the past seven years. It is an important tool for SLD physics analyses. The long-term operational experience with this device is ...described.
The Superstition Hills Fault (SHF) exhibits a rich spectrum of slip modes, including M 6+ earthquakes, afterslip, quasi‐steady creep, and both triggered and spontaneous slow slip events (SSEs). ...Following 13 years of quiescence, creepmeters recorded 25 mm of slip during 16–19 May 2023. Additional sub‐events brought the total slip to 41 mm. The event nucleated on the northern SHF in early‐May and propagated bi‐laterally at rates on the order of kilometers per day. Surface offsets reveal a bi‐modal slip distribution, with slip on the northern section of the fault being less localized and lower amplitude compared to the southern section. Kinematic slip models confirm systematic variations in the slip distribution along‐strike and with depth and suggest that slip is largely confined to the shallow sedimentary layer. Observations and models of the 2023 SSE bear a strong similarity to previous slip episodes in 1999, 2006, and 2010, suggesting a characteristic behavior.
Plain Language Summary
Studying the mechanical properties and behavior of faults is essential for understanding earthquake ruptures. In this study, we investigate a recent slip event on the Superstition Hills Fault (SHF), which has a well‐documented record of slip. A notable aspect of the SHF is that it periodically undergoes “slow slip events” (SSEs), where the fault slips and releases energy without any accompanied ground shaking. During May‐July 2023, the SHF experienced a major SSE for the first time in 13 years. Our analysis shows that it was the largest documented SSE on the SHF and released equivalent energy to a magnitude 4.5 earthquake. We also find that the spatial pattern of fault slip is very similar to several previous slip events in 1999, 2006, and 2010, suggesting that the SHF has a tendency to slip in a characteristic manner.
Key Points
We document a recent spontaneous slow slip event (SSE) on the Superstition Hills Fault using creepmeter, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Global Navigation Satellite System, and field measurements
Over 41 mm of slip occurred from mid‐May to mid‐July 2023, with moment release corresponding to a Mw 4.5 earthquake
The kinematics of the 2023 event are remarkably similar to several previous SSEs, suggesting a characteristic rupture process
Particle identification methods in high-energy physics Va’vra, J.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2000, Letnik:
453, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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This paper deals with two major particle identification methods: d
E/d
x and Cherenkov detection. In the first method, we systematically compare existing d
E/d
x data with various predictions ...available in the literature, such as the Particle Data Group recommendation, and judge the overall consistency. To my knowledge, such comparison was not done yet in a published form for the gaseous detectors used in high-energy physics. As for the second method, there are two major Cherenkov light detection techniques: the threshold and the Ring imaging methods. We discuss the recent trend in these techniques.
Progress on development of the new FDIRC PID detector Va'vra, J.; Arnaud, N.; Barnyakov, A.Yu ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2013, Letnik:
718
Journal Article
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We present a progress status of a new concept of PID detector called FDIRC, intended to be used at the SuperB experiment, which requires π/K separation up to a few GeV/c. The new photon camera is ...made of the solid fused-silica optics with a volume 25× smaller and speed increased by a factor of 10 compared to the BaBar DIRC, and therefore will be much less sensitive to electromagnetic and neutron background.
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