Fertilizers use in Indian agriculture Vaidyanathan, A.
Journal of social and economic development,
12/2022, Letnik:
24, Številka:
Suppl 1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The technological change of mid-sixties brought strongly forth the role of fertilizers in India’s agricultural development. Moving away from the excessive preoccupation with prices, productivity of ...fertilizers and the dangers of excessive and careless use of synthetic fertilizers is quite important. The necessity to pay more attention to exploiting the considerable potential of low-cost organic manure in the interests of both the economy and the environment is emphasized.
The aim of this paper is to provide some new criteria for the determinacy problem of the Stieltjes moment problem. We first give a Tauberian type criterion for moment indeterminacy that is expressed ...purely in terms of the asymptotic behavior of the moment sequence (and its extension to imaginary lines). Under an additional assumption this provides a converse to the classical Carleman's criterion, thus yielding an equivalent condition for moment determinacy. We also provide a criterion for moment determinacy that only involves the large asymptotic behavior of the distribution (or of the density if it exists), which can be thought of as an Abelian counterpart to the previous Tauberian type result. This latter criterion generalizes Hardy's condition for determinacy, and under some further assumptions yields a converse to the Pedersen's refinement of the celebrated Krein's theorem. The proofs utilize non‐classical Tauberian results for moment sequences that are analogues to the ones developed in 8 and 3 for the bi‐lateral Laplace transforms in the context of asymptotically parabolic functions. We illustrate our results by studying the time‐dependent moment problem for the law of log‐Lévy processes viewed as a generalization of the log‐normal distribution. Along the way, we derive the large asymptotic behavior of the density of spectrally‐negative Lévy processes having a Gaussian component, which may be of independent interest.
The U.S. Global Climate Change Research Program has identified climate change as a growing public health threat. We investigated the potential effects of changes in ambient daily maximum temperature ...on hyperthermia and cardiovascular emergency department (ED) visits using records for patients age 64 and younger from a private insurance database for the May–September period for 2005–2012. We found a strong positive relationship between daily maximum temperatures and ED visits for hyperthermia but not for cardiovascular conditions. Using the fitted relationship from 136 metropolitan areas, we calculated the number and rate of hyperthermia ED visits for climates representative of year 1995 (baseline period), as well as years 2050 and 2090 (future periods), for two climate change scenarios based on outcomes from five global climate models. Without considering potential adaptation or population growth and movement, we calculate that climate change alone will result in an additional 21,000–28,000 hyperthermia ED visits for May to September, with associated treatment costs between $6 million and $52 million (2015 U.S. dollars) by 2050; this increases to approximately 28,000–65,000 additional hyperthermia ED visits with treatment costs between $9 million and $118 million (2015 U.S. dollars) by 2090. The range in projected additional hyperthermia visits reflects the difference between alternative climate scenarios, and the additional range in valuation reflects different assumptions about per‐case valuation.
Key Points
Quantified relationship of daily maximum temperature and hyperthermia emergency department visits for subset of insured age less than or equal to 64
Unconstrained climate change increases the rate of hyperthermia ED visits fourfold from 2010 to 2090 in 136 modeled metropolitan areas
A Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 scenario versus a RCP 8.5 avoids ~37,000 annual hyperthermia ED visits in 2090
An analysis is performed of the spectrum of gamma rays from the Crab Nebula in the 4–100 TeV range of energies, obtained using data from two Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes that are part of the ...TAIGA complex. A way of selecting and restoring the energy of gamma rays is described that includes a procedure for restoring the energy spectrum.
This volume, by a renowned expert, critically examines the past growth experiences, the factors underlying the persistently slow growth, and the constraints impeding Indian agriculture in recent ...decades. This extensive literature explores the gaps in the knowledge on Indian agricultural performance seeking to present a comprehensive picture with explorations of: role of technology, economic environment, and role of institutions The main discussions focus on: trends and fluctuation in output; contribution of changes in area, yields and crop pattern; trends in costs and prices; role of irrigation and various elements of bio-chemical technology; unevenness of technological change, input use and yield growth across regions, crops and different categories of farmers; impact of land reforms on changing agrarian structure; and trends in rural wage labour markets.
The present work investigates kerosene–alumina nanofluid for its stability, thermal conductivity and viscosity at low volume concentration of nanoparticles. The study intends to explore the possible ...application of using kerosene–alumina nanofluid in regenerative cooling channels of semi-cryogenic rocket engine. Nanofluid is prepared and characterized with varying particle loadings of 0.05%–0.5% by volume, in steps, for two different particle sizes of 13 nm and 50 nm. Oleic acid, as a surfactant, is used to stabilize the nanofluid and an optimum volume ratio of oleic acid to alumina particle is determined for enhanced stability of nanofluid. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) method is used to determine the average particle size in the nanofluid thus prepared with time. 22% enhancement in thermal conductivity and 10% in viscosity at room temperature are obtained for 13 nm particle size nanofluid at 0.5% volume concentration. Lower enhancement in thermal conductivity and viscosity are noticed for nanofluid prepared with bigger nanoparticles. The effect of temperature on thermo-physical properties is also determined and a non-linear increase in thermal conductivity with temperature is noticed. At elevated temperature, nanofluids show higher enhancement in their thermo-physical properties. A simple method for assessing the stability of nanofluid is attempted by measuring the thermal conductivity of nanofluid with time.
•Characterization of Al2O3/kerosene nanofluid for use in liquid rocket engines.•Optimum surfactant to particle volume ratio found to be 0.3 for stable nanofluid.•Determined the effect of volume fraction and particle size on thermal properties.•Significant effect of temperature on thermo-physical properties.•Thermal conductivity based assessment of nanofluid stability.
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