To evaluate factors associated with low consumption of fruits and vegetables among preschoolers from families treated at basic health centers in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
This was a cohort study ...nested in a randomized field trial. Data collection was performed through structured questionnaires to obtain demographic and dietary data, combined with two 24-hour recalls in the age groups 12–16 months and again at 2–3 years of age. Data on the consumption of one daily serving of fruits (80g) and vegetables (60g) were evaluated, as well as consumption of non-recommended foods such as candy, chocolate, and soft drinks. Statistical analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust estimation.
A total of 388 children aged 2-3 years were evaluated; of these, 58% and 87.4% did not consume one daily serving of fruits and vegetables, respectively. The following factors were negatively associated with fruit consumption: family income higher than four minimum wages, (p=0.024), lower paternal educational level (p=0.03), and lower fruit consumption at 12–16 months (p=0.002). Factors negatively associated with the consumption of vegetables were low paternal educational level (p=0.033) and consumption of high-sugar content beverages at 12–16 months (p=0.014).
This study demonstrated a high prevalence of children who consumed less than one daily serving of fruit and vegetables; early feeding practices, parental education, and family income were associated with this process.
Avaliar os fatores associados ao baixo consumo de frutas e verduras entre pré-escolares de famílias usuárias da rede básica de saúde de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Estudo de coorte aninhado a ensaio de campo randomizado. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de questionários estruturados para obtenção de dados dietéticos e sociodemográficos, além de dois recordatórios de 24 horas nas faixas etárias de 12–16 meses e novamente aos 2-3 anos de idade. Foram avaliados os dados de consumo de uma porção diária de frutas (80g) e verduras (60g), além de consumo de alimentos não recomendados, como balas, chocolates e refrigerantes. As análises estatísticas foram feitas por regressão de Poisson com estimativa robusta.
Foram avaliadas 388 crianças de 2-3 anos, destas 58% e 87,4% não consumiram uma porção de frutas e verduras, respectivamente. Os fatores que se mostraram negativamente associados ao consumo de frutas foram: renda familiar superior a 4 salários mínimos, (p=0,024), menor escolaridade paterna (p=0,03) e menor consumo de frutas aos 12–16 meses (p=0,002). Os fatores negativamente associados à ingestão de verduras foram a menor escolaridade paterna (p=0,033) e consumo de refrigerante aos 12–16 meses (p=0.014).
Os resultados deste estudo mostraram alta prevalência de crianças que consumiram menos de uma porção de frutas e verduras ao dia e sugerem que práticas alimentares precoces, escolaridade paterna e renda estão associadas a esse processo.
Emerging evidence suggests that the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) plays a role in the development of chronic diseases, but evidence of their influence in children is limited. Our ...objective was to study longitudinal trends of UPF intake and determine their impact on blood lipids in young children. The present study was a follow-up of a randomised field trial of children (n 308) from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Dietary intake was collected using two 24-h recalls at 3 and 6 years of age, and consumption of UPF was classified according to the NOVA system, a food classification based on the extent and purpose of industrial food processing. At age 6 years, blood tests were performed to measure lipid profile. Contribution of UPF to total energy intake increased by 10 % during the follow-up period, from 43·4 % at 3 years to 47·7 % at 6 years of age. Linear regression models showed that children in the highest tertile of UPF consumption at age 3 years had higher levels of total cholesterol (TC; β 0·22 mmol/l; 95 % CI 0·04, 0·39) and TAG at age 6 years (β 0·11 mmol/l, 95 % CI 0·01, 0·20) compared with those in the lowest tertile. A positive dose–response was observed for an absolute increment of 10 % of UPF on TC (β 0·07 mmol/l, 95 % CI 0·00, 0·14) and TAG (β 0·04 mmol/l, 95 % CI 0·01, 0·07). Based on our data, consumption of UPF increased significantly over time and was associated with higher blood lipid levels in children from a low-income community. Our findings highlight the need for effective strategies to minimise the consumption of UPF in early life.
Background
The first 2 years of life are the window of opportunity to promote healthy feeding practices. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the impact of a health workers training in infant ...dietary guidelines on energy intake and anthropometric measurement into childhood.
Methods
Cluster randomised field trial (NCT00635453) was conducted in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Healthcare centres were randomised into intervention (n = 9) and control (n = 11) groups. In intervention sites, health workers were trained to promote healthy feeding practices based on the Brazilian guideline for children's nutrition. Pregnant women who were in the last trimester of pregnancy were registered as potential mothers who would receive dietary counselling from the health workers. Energy and macronutrient intake and anthropometric measurements were obtained from children at ages 6 months, 12 months, 3 years and 6 years from low‐income families.
Results
At age 3 years, intervention group had lower consumption of energy −92.5 kcal; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −153.5 to −31.5, carbohydrates (−11.9 g; 95% CI = −19.9 to −2.3), and total fat (−3.9 g; 95% CI = −6.2 to −1.2), compared to the control group. At 6 years of age, children in the intervention group had lower waist circumference (−1.3 cm; 95% CI = −2.7 to −0.0), triceps (−1.3 mm; 95% CI = −2.5 to −0.0) and subscapular skinfolds (−1.3 mm; 16 95% CI = −2.6 to −0.0) thickness measurements compared to those in the control group.
Conclusions
The health workers training to promote infant healthy feeding practices resulted in lower energy, carbohydrates and fat intake at 3 years and lower waist circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds measurements at 6 years.
Health workers were trained, in a primary care setting, to implement healthy feeding practices for children during the first two years of life as recommended by the Brazilian Guidelines. Energy intake and anthropometric measurements were obtained from children at ages 6 months, 12 months, 3 years and 6 years. The results showed a significant difference in energy intake at the age of 3 years and anthropometric measurements at the age of 6 years.
Ultraprocessed foods (UPF) consumption plays a critical role in the development of chronic diseases, but evidence of their effect on children's health is limited. We hypothesized that the consumption ...of UPF can influence blood pressure levels in 6-year-old children. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized field trial in Brazil that is registered at clinicaltrial.gov (NCT00635453). Dietary intake was obtained using 2 multiple-pass 24-hour recalls when 305 children were 3 and 6 years old. We classified foods according to the NOVA system and determined the percentage of total energy intake derived from ultraprocessed foods. We collected anthropometric measures from and evaluated systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 6-year-old children. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between UPF consumption and blood pressure levels. UPF represented 40.3% (interquartile range, 34.1-48.5) of the total energy intake at 3 years and 45.2% (interquartile range, 41.5-53.2) at 6 years. The adjusted linear regression analyses showed that systolic blood pressure was associated with UPF consumption at 6 years (P = .05), birth weight (P = .02), waist circumference (P < .01), and physical activity (P = .04), whereas diastolic blood pressure was associated with UPF consumption at 3 and 6 years (P = .01 and P < .01, respectively), birth weight (P = .05), and waist circumference (P < .01). Our data suggest that UPF consumption played a role in increasing 6-year-old children's blood pressure. These results reinforce the importance of effective strategies to prevent the excessive consumption of UPF in childhood.
The results of the study showed that ultraprocessed food consumption, larger waist circumference, low birth weight, and not practicing physical activity were associated with higher blood pressure among 6-year-old Brazilian children. These findings are useful for understanding the critical role that early-life factors play in cardiovascular health. Display omitted
Effective interventions to promote healthy sodium intakes require understanding factors driving liking for salt taste.
To examine effects of an early feeding intervention among low-income mothers on ...their children’s energy and sodium intake and salt taste preferences at 12 years; and to identify age-related changes in dietary sodium sources.
Secondary analyses were conducted on dietary intake and taste preference data collected from children in a longitudinal trial (NCT00629629). Mothers randomized to the intervention group received counseling on healthy eating practices for 1 year postpartum; the control group received no counseling. Two-day dietary recalls were obtained at 1 year (intervention end) and at 4-, 8-, and 12-year follow-up visits, from which foods were categorized as unprocessed, processed, or ultra-processed. At the 12-year visit, children’s most preferred concentration of salt was measured using a validated, forced-choice, paired-comparison tracking method, and pubertal stage was self-assessed.
The intervention group had reduced energy intake compared with controls in all food categories at 1 year (P = 0.04) but not at the other time points. Sodium intake from processed foods increased from 4 to 12 years and from ultra-processed foods from 1 to 4; intake from unprocessed foods decreased from 1 to 8 year (all P < 0.01). At 12 years, children in early stages of puberty (Tanner stages 1–3; P = 0.04) or in the ≥75th percentile of sodium intake (P < 0.01) preferred significantly higher concentrations of salt than the other children.
Both dietary intake of sodium and early puberty were associated with preferences for higher salt concentrations. Childhood and adolescence are important periods for understanding how experience and growth shape diet by changing salt taste.
This manuscript reports secondary analysis of data collected in trial NCT00629629 (2001–3) and follow-up https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00629629?term=NCT00629629&draw=2&rank=1.
Objective:To evaluate factors associated with low consumption of fruits and vegetables among preschoolers from families treated at basic health centers in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Methods:This was a ...cohort study nested in a randomized field trial. Data collection was performed through structured questionnaires to obtain demographic and dietary data, combined with two 24-hour recalls in the age groups 12–16 months and again at 2–3 years of age. Data on the consumption of one daily serving of fruits (80 g) and vegetables (60 g) were evaluated, as well as consumption of non-recommended foods such as candy, chocolate, and soft drinks. Statistical analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust estimation.Results:A total of 388 children aged 2-3 years were evaluated; of these, 58% and 87.4% did not consume one daily serving of fruits and vegetables, respectively. The following factors were negatively associated with fruit consumption: family income higher than four minimum wages, (p = 0.024), lower paternal educational level (p = 0.03), and lower fruit consumption at 12–16 months (p = 0.002). Factors negatively associated with the consumption of vegetables were low paternal educational level (p = 0.033) and consumption of high-sugar content beverages at 12–16 months (p = 0.014).Conclusion:This study demonstrated a high prevalence of children who consumed less than one daily serving of fruit and vegetables; early feeding practices, parental education, and family income were associated with this process.
To evaluate factors associated with low consumption of fruits and vegetables among preschoolers from families treated at basic health centers in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
This was a cohort study ...nested in a randomized field trial. Data collection was performed through structured questionnaires to obtain demographic and dietary data, combined with two 24‐hour recalls in the age groups 12–16 months and again at 2–3 years of age. Data on the consumption of one daily serving of fruits (80g) and vegetables (60g) were evaluated, as well as consumption of non‐recommended foods such as candy, chocolate, and soft drinks. Statistical analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust estimation.
A total of 388 children aged 2‐3 years were evaluated; of these, 58% and 87.4% did not consume one daily serving of fruits and vegetables, respectively. The following factors were negatively associated with fruit consumption: family income higher than four minimum wages, (p=0.024), lower paternal educational level (p=0.03), and lower fruit consumption at 12–16 months (p=0.002). Factors negatively associated with the consumption of vegetables were low paternal educational level (p=0.033) and consumption of high‐sugar content beverages at 12–16 months (p=0.014).
This study demonstrated a high prevalence of children who consumed less than one daily serving of fruit and vegetables; early feeding practices, parental education, and family income were associated with this process.
Avaliar os fatores associados ao baixo consumo de frutas e verduras entre pré‐escolares de famílias usuárias da rede básica de saúde de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Estudo de coorte aninhado a ensaio de campo randomizado. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de questionários estruturados para obtenção de dados dietéticos e sociodemográficos, além de dois recordatórios de 24 horas nas faixas etárias de 12–16 meses e novamente aos 2‐3 anos de idade. Foram avaliados os dados de consumo de uma porção diária de frutas (80g) e verduras (60g), além de consumo de alimentos não recomendados, como balas, chocolates e refrigerantes. As análises estatísticas foram feitas por regressão de Poisson com estimativa robusta.
Foram avaliadas 388 crianças de 2‐3 anos, destas 58% e 87,4% não consumiram uma porção de frutas e verduras, respectivamente. Os fatores que se mostraram negativamente associados ao consumo de frutas foram: renda familiar superior a 4 salários mínimos, (p=0,024), menor escolaridade paterna (p=0,03) e menor consumo de frutas aos 12–16 meses (p=0,002). Os fatores negativamente associados à ingestão de verduras foram a menor escolaridade paterna (p=0,033) e consumo de refrigerante aos 12–16 meses (p=0.014).
Os resultados deste estudo mostraram alta prevalência de crianças que consumiram menos de uma porção de frutas e verduras ao dia e sugerem que práticas alimentares precoces, escolaridade paterna e renda estão associadas a esse processo.
Objective: To evaluate factors associated with low consumption of fruits and vegetables among preschoolers from families treated at basic health centers in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Methods: This was ...a cohort study nested in a randomized field trial. Data collection was performed through structured questionnaires to obtain demographic and dietary data, combined with two 24‐hour recalls in the age groups 12–16 months and again at 2–3 years of age. Data on the consumption of one daily serving of fruits (80 g) and vegetables (60 g) were evaluated, as well as consumption of non‐recommended foods such as candy, chocolate, and soft drinks. Statistical analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust estimation. Results: A total of 388 children aged 2‐3 years were evaluated; of these, 58% and 87.4% did not consume one daily serving of fruits and vegetables, respectively. The following factors were negatively associated with fruit consumption: family income higher than four minimum wages, (p = 0.024), lower paternal educational level (p = 0.03), and lower fruit consumption at 12–16 months (p = 0.002). Factors negatively associated with the consumption of vegetables were low paternal educational level (p = 0.033) and consumption of high‐sugar content beverages at 12–16 months (p = 0.014). Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of children who consumed less than one daily serving of fruit and vegetables; early feeding practices, parental education, and family income were associated with this process.
The frequent use of insecticides to manage soybean aphids, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in the United States has contributed to field-evolved resistance. Pyrethroid-resistant aphids have ...nonsynonymous mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc). We identified a leucine to phenylalanine mutation at position 1014 (L1014F) and a methionine to isoleucine mutation (M918I) of the A. glycines vgsc, both suspected of conferring knockdown resistance (kdr) to lambda-cyhalothrin. We developed molecular markers to identify these mutations in insecticide-resistant aphids. We determined that A. glycines which survived exposure to a diagnostic concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin via glass-vial bioassays had these mutations, and showed significant changes in the resistance allele frequency between samples collected before and after field application of lambda-cyhalothrin. Thus, a strong association was revealed between aphids with L1014F and M918I vgsc mutations and survival following exposure to pyrethroids. Specifically, the highest survival was observed for aphids with the kdr (L1014F) and heterozygote super-kdr (L1014F + M918I) genotypes following laboratory bioassays and in-field application of lambda-cyhalothrin. These genetic markers could be used as a diagnostic tool for detecting insecticide-resistant A. glycines and monitoring the geographic distribution of pyrethroid resistance. We discuss how generating these types of data could improve our efforts to mitigate the effects of pyrethroid resistance on crop production.
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