Summary
Objective
The objective of this study is to compare the effects of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) for improvements in body ...composition in overweight and obese adults.
Methods
Trials comparing HIIT and MICT in overweight or obese participants aged 18–45 years were included. Direct measures (e.g. whole‐body fat mass) and indirect measures (e.g. waist circumference) were examined.
Results
From 1,334 articles initially screened, 13 were included. Studies averaged 10 weeks × 3 sessions per week training. Both HIIT and MICT elicited significant (p < 0.05) reductions in whole‐body fat mass and waist circumference. There were no significant differences between HIIT and MICT for any body composition measure, but HIIT required ~40% less training time commitment. Running training displayed large effects on whole‐body fat mass for both HIIT and MICT (standardized mean difference −0.82 and −0.85, respectively), but cycling training did not induce fat loss.
Conclusions
Short‐term moderate‐intensity to high‐intensity exercise training can induce modest body composition improvements in overweight and obese individuals without accompanying body‐weight changes. HIIT and MICT show similar effectiveness across all body composition measures suggesting that HIIT may be a time‐efficient component of weight management programs.
The current understanding of mammalian kidney development is largely based on mouse models. Recent landmark studies revealed pervasive differences in renal embryogenesis between mouse and human. The ...scarcity of detailed gene expression data in humans therefore hampers a thorough understanding of human kidney development and the possible developmental origin of kidney diseases. In this paper, we present a single-cell transcriptomics study of the human fetal kidney. We identified 22 cell types and a host of marker genes. Comparison of samples from different developmental ages revealed continuous gene expression changes in podocytes. To demonstrate the usefulness of our data set, we explored the heterogeneity of the nephrogenic niche, localized podocyte precursors, and confirmed disease-associated marker genes. With close to 18,000 renal cells from five different developmental ages, this study provides a rich resource for the elucidation of human kidney development, easily accessible through an interactive web application.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Identification and examination of all patients with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) in the Netherlands to document the clinical spectrum and response to IV immunoglobulin (IVIg) and to determine ...correlates of outcome.
A national cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. Ninety-seven patients were identified; 88 participated. Logistic regression analysis was used to study determinants of outcome.
Age at onset was younger in men than in women (38 vs 45 years, p = 0.05). Onset of weakness was in distal arm (61%) or distal leg (34%), and occasionally in the upper arm (5%). Initial diagnosis was motor neuron disease in one-third of patients. Brisk, but not pathologic, reflexes in weakened muscles were found in 8%. Conduction blocks were most frequently detected in the ulnar (80%) and median (77%) nerves, but occasionally only between Erb and axilla (6%), or in the musculocutaneous nerve (1%). Ninety-four percent responded to IVIg therapy: nonresponders had longer disease duration before the first treatment (p = 0.03). Seventy-six percent received IVIg maintenance treatment at the time of this study (median duration 6 years; range 0-17): the median dose increased over the years from 12 to 17 g per week (p < 0.01). Independent determinants of more severe weakness and disability were axon loss (p < 0.001; p < 0.0001) and longer disease duration without IVIg (p = 0.03; p = 0.07).
The results of this study may help aid recognition the clinical picture of MMN. Early IVIg treatment may help to postpone axonal degeneration and permanent deficits.
This study provides Class IV evidence that IVIg improves muscle strength of patients with MMN and disability (defined as an increase of >or=1 Medical Research Council grade in at least 2 muscle groups without decrease in other muscle groups) in 94% (95% confidence interval, 86.8%-97.4%) of patients.
The ability to manipulate single atoms has opened up the door to constructing interesting and useful quantum structures from the ground up. On the one hand, nanoscale arrangements of magnetic atoms ...are at the heart of future quantum computing and spintronic devices, on the other hand, they can be used as fundamental building blocks for the realization of textbook many-body quantum models, illustrating key concepts such as quantum phase transitions, topological order or frustration as a function of system size. Here, we use low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy to construct arrays of magnetic atoms on a surface, designed to behave like spin-1/2 XXZ Heisenberg chains in a transverse field, for which a quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic to a paramagnetic phase is predicted in the thermodynamic limit.
Diacylglycerol lipases (DAGL) are responsible for the biosynthesis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. The fluorescent activity-based probes DH379 and HT-01 have been previously shown to ...label DAGLs and to cross-react with the serine hydrolase ABHD6. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of two new quenched activity-based probes 1 and 2, the design of which was based on the structures of DH379 and HT-01, respectively. Probe 1 contains a BODIPY-FL and a 2,4-dinitroaniline moiety as a fluorophore-quencher pair, whereas probe 2 employs a Cy5-fluorophore and a cAB40-quencher. The fluorescence of both probes was quenched with relative quantum yields of 0.34 and 0.0081, respectively. The probes showed target inhibition as characterized in activity-based protein profiling assays using human cell- and mouse brain lysates, but were unfortunately not active in living cells, presumably due to limited cell permeability.
This first update of the ASAS/EULAR recommendations on the management of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is based on the original paper, a systematic review of existing recommendations and the literature ...since 2005 and the discussion and agreement among 21 international experts, 2 patients and 2 physiotherapists in a meeting in February 2010. Each original bullet point was discussed in detail and reworded if necessary. Decisions on new recommendations were made - if necessary after voting. The strength of the recommendations (SOR) was scored on an 11-point numerical rating scale after the meeting by email. These recommendations apply to patients of all ages that fulfill the modified NY criteria for AS, independent of extra-articular manifestations, and they take into account all drug and non-drug interventions related to AS. Four overarching principles were introduced, implying that one bullet has been moved to this section. There are now 11 bullet points including 2 new ones, one related to extra-articular manifestations and one to changes in the disease course. With a mean score of 9.1 (range 8-10) the SOR was generally very good.
Gas flows can be induced by gas discharges like DC coronas because neutral molecules gain momentum by ion-neutral collisions. This can be used for active cooling and has advantages over mechanical ...fans. We investigate ionic wind by a DC corona discharge under different conditions with an emphasis on the effects of voltage polarity and the transition between different discharge regimes. We also consider the gas temperature of a DC corona which is important when it is to be used for cooling purposes. Although DC coronas are usually characterized as low temperature plasmas, gas heating can have a significant impact on flow generation, especially at higher operating voltages. In this paper, a 5-20 kV DC voltage of positive and negative polarity is applied to a needle-cylinder electrode. The ionic wind velocity at the exit of the cylinder electrode is measured by hot wire anemometry and the emission spectrum is used to study the gas temperature. It is found that the flow velocity induced by positive coronas is higher than that by negative coronas for voltages above 10-15 kV, which is also demonstrated by a phenomenological EHD force model. Furthermore, a heated column is observed by Schlieren technique for both voltage polarities. An improved self-consistent ionic wind model considering heat transfer is built to study the temperature distribution. The simulation results indicate that the gas flow velocity is lower on the symmetry axis when the temperature gradient is taken into account, something which is usually ignored in ionic wind simulations.
In early May 2022, a global outbreak of mpox started among persons without travel history to regions known to be enzootic for monkeypox virus (MPXV). On 8 August 2022, the Netherlands reported its ...1,000th mpox case, representing a cumulative incidence of 55 per million population, one of the highest cumulative incidences worldwide. We describe characteristics of the first 1,000 mpox cases in the Netherlands, reported between 20 May and 8 August 2022, within the context of the public health response. These cases were predominantly men who have sex with men aged 31-45 years. The vast majority of infections were acquired through sexual contact with casual partners in private or recreational settings including LGBTQIA+ venues in the Netherlands. This indicates that, although some larger upsurges occurred from point-source and/or travel-related events, the outbreak was mainly characterised by sustained transmission within the Netherlands. In addition, we estimated the protective effect of first-generation smallpox vaccine against moderate/severe mpox and found a vaccine effectiveness of 58% (95% CI: 17-78%), suggesting moderate protection against moderate/severe mpox symptoms on top of any possible protection by this vaccine against MPXV infection and disease. Communication with and supporting the at-risk population in following mitigation measures remains essential.
Background and purpose
There are concerns that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak negatively affects the quality of care for acute cardiovascular conditions. We assessed the impact of ...the COVID-19 outbreak on trends in hospital admissions and workflow parameters of acute stroke care in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Methods
We used data from the three hospitals that provide acute stroke care for the Amsterdam region. We compared two 7-week periods: one during the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak (March 16th–May 3th 2020) and one prior to the outbreak (October 21st–December 8th 2019). We included consecutive patients who presented to the emergency departments with a suspected stroke and assessed the change in number of patients as an incidence-rate ratio (IRR) using a Poisson regression analysis. Other outcomes were the IRR for stroke subtypes, change in use of reperfusion therapy, treatment times, and in-hospital complications.
Results
During the COVID-19 period, 309 patients presented with a suspected stroke compared to 407 patients in the pre-COVID-19 period (IRR 0.76 95%CI 0.65–0.88). The proportion of men was higher during the COVID-19 period (59% vs. 47%,
p
< 0.001). There was no change in the proportion of stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (28% vs. 30%,
p
= 0.58) or endovascular thrombectomy (11% vs 12%,
p
= 0.82) or associated treatment times. Seven patients (all ischemic strokes) were diagnosed with COVID-19.
Conclusion
We observed a 24% decrease in suspected stroke presentations during the COVID-19 outbreak, but no evidence for a decrease in quality of acute stroke care.
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak impacted health care. We investigated its impact on the time to referral and diagnosis for symptomatic cancer patients in The Netherlands. We ...performed a national retrospective cohort study utilizing primary care records linked to The Netherlands Cancer Registry. For patients with symptomatic colorectal, lung, breast, or melanoma cancer, we manually explored free and coded texts to determine the durations of the primary care (IPC) and secondary care (ISC) diagnostic intervals during the first COVID-19 wave and pre-COVID-19. We found that the median IPC duration increased for colorectal cancer from 5 days (Interquartile Range (IQR) 1-29 days) pre-COVID-19 to 44 days (IQR 6-230,
< 0.01) during the first COVID-19 wave, and for lung cancer, the duration increased from 15 days (IQR) 3-47) to 41 days (IQR 7-102,
< 0.01). For breast cancer and melanoma, the change in IPC duration was negligible. The median ISC duration only increased for breast cancer, from 3 (IQR 2-7) to 6 days (IQR 3-9,
< 0.01). For colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma, the median ISC durations were 17.5 (IQR (9-52), 18 (IQR 7-40), and 9 (IQR 3-44) days, respectively, similar to pre-COVID-19 results. In conclusion, for colorectal and lung cancer, the time to primary care referral was substantially prolonged during the first COVID-19 wave. In such crises, targeted primary care support is needed to maintain effective cancer diagnosis.
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