Abstract
Corryvreckan
is a versatile, highly configurable software with a modular structure designed to reconstruct and analyse test beam and laboratory data.
It caters to the needs of the test beam ...community by providing a flexible offline event building facility to combine detectors with different readout schemes, with or without trigger information, and includes the possibility to correlate data from multiple devices based on timestamps.
Hit timing information, available with high precision from an increasing number of detectors, can be used in clustering and tracking to reduce combinatorics.
Several algorithms, including an implementation of Millepede-II, are provided for offline alignment.
A graphical user interface enables direct monitoring of the reconstruction progress and can be employed for quasi-online monitoring during data taking.
This work introduces the
Corryvreckan
framework architecture and user interface, and provides a detailed overview of the event building algorithm.
The reconstruction and analysis capabilities are demonstrated with data recorded at the DESY II Test Beam Facility using the EUDAQ2 data acquisition framework with an EUDET-type beam telescope, a Timepix3 timing reference, a fine-pitch planar silicon sensor with CLICpix2 readout and the AIDA Trigger Logic Unit.
The individual steps of the reconstruction chain are presented in detail.
Abstract
This paper presents the design and characterization of a
monolithic integrated circuit (IC) including digital silicon
photomultipliers (dSiPMs) arranged in a 32 × 32 pixel matrix
at 70 μm ...pitch. The IC provides per-quadrant time stamping
and hit-map readout, and is fabricated in a standard 150-nm CMOS
technology. Each dSiPM pixel consists of four single-photon
avalanche diodes (SPADs) sharing a quenching and subsequent
processing circuitry and has a fill factor of 30 %. A sub-100 ps
precision, 12-bit time-to-digital converter (TDC) provides
timestamps per quadrant with an acquisition rate of 3 MHz. Together
with the hit map, the total sustained data throughput of the IC
amounts to 4 Gbps. Measurements obtained in a dark,
temperature-stable environment as well as by using a pulsed laser
environment show the full dSiPM-IC functionality. The dark-count
rate (DCR) as function of the overvoltage and temperature, the TDC
resolution, differential and integral nonlinearity (DNL/INL) as well
as the propagation delays across the matrix are presented. With aid
of additional peripheral test structures, the main building blocks
are characterized and key parameters are presented.
The CLIC Tracker Detector (CLICTD) is a monolithic pixel sensor. It is fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS imaging process, modified with an additional deep low-dose n-type implant to obtain full lateral ...depletion. The sensor features a small collection diode, which is essential for achieving a low input capacitance. The CLICTD sensor was designed as a technology demonstrator in the context of the tracking detector studies for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). Its design characteristics are of broad interest beyond CLIC, for HL-LHC tracking detector upgrades. It is produced in two different pixel flavours: one with a continuous deep n-type implant, and one with a segmented n-type implant to ensure fast charge collection. The pixel matrix consists of 16 × 128 detection channels measuring 300μm×30μm. Each detection channel is segmented into eight sub-pixels to reduce the amount of digital circuity while maintaining a small collection electrode pitch. This paper presents the characterisation results of the CLICTD sensor in a particle beam. The different pixel flavours are compared in detail by using the simultaneous time-over-threshold and time-of-arrival measurement functionalities. Most notably, a spatial resolution down to (4.6±0.2)μm is measured. A time resolution down to (5.8±0.1)ns is observed, after applying an offline time-walk correction using the pixel-charge information. The hit detection efficiency is found to be well above 99.7% for thresholds of the order of several hundred electrons.
Abstract
Heterogeneous devices such as the Multi-Processor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) from Xilinx are extremely valuable in custom instrumentation systems. This contribution presents the joint ...development of a heterogeneous MPSoC board called DTS-100G by DESY and KIT. The board is built around a Xilinx Zynq Ultrascale+ chip offering all available high-speed transceivers using QSFP28, 28 Gbps FireFly, FMC, and FMC+ interfaces. The board is not designed for a particular application, but can be used as a generic DAQ platform for a variety of physics experiments. The DTS-100G board was successfully developed, built and commissioned. ECHo-100k is the first experiment which will employ the board. This contribution shows the system architecture and explains how the DTS-100G board is a crucial component in the DAQ chain.
Characterization results of a HVCMOS sensor for ATLAS Ehrler, F.; Benoit, M.; Dannheim, D. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2019, Letnik:
936
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
High-voltage CMOS (HVCMOS) pixel sensors are depleted monolithic active n-in-p diode pixel sensors implemented in standard commercial CMOS processes. A substantial part of the readout electronics is ...placed inside each pixel. Due to high radiation tolerance and fast signal generation (Perić, 2017) 1, HVCMOS sensors are going to be used (Mu3e, PSI) or are suggested for usage (ATLAS and CLIC, CERN) in High Energy Physics experiments. In this article characterization results of the ATLASpix_Simple sensor are presented. Special attention was paid to the novel time-over-threshold (ToT) measurement with adaptive sampling rate.
•The ATLASpix_Simple monolithic sensor works as expected with an efficiency of >99%.•Time-over-Threshold was measured with a novel adaptive sampling method.•It has been shown that Time-over-Threshold can be used to compensate for time walk.
The ALICE Collaboration is preparing a major upgrade to the experimental apparatus. A key element of the upgrade is the construction of a new silicon-based Inner Tracking System containing 12 Gpixels ...in an area of 10 m super(2). Its readout system consists of 192 readout units that control the pixel sensors and the power units, and deliver the sensor data to the counting room. A prototype readout board has been designed to test: the interface between the sensor modules and the readout electronics, the signal integrity and reliability of data transfer, the interface to the ALICE DAQ and trigger, and the susceptibility of the system to the expected radiation level.
The ALICE Collaboration is preparing a major detector upgrade for the LHC Run 3, which includes the construction of a new silicon pixel based Inner Tracking System (ITS). The ITS readout system ...consists of 192 readout boards to control the sensors and their power system, receive triggers, and deliver sensor data to the DAQ. To prototype various aspects of this readout system, an FPGA based carrier board and an associated FMC daughter card containing the CERN Gigabit Transceiver (GBT) chipset have been developed. Furthermore, this contribution describes laboratory and radiation testing results with this prototype board set.
Irradiation setup at the U-120M cyclotron facility Křížek, F.; Ferencei, J.; Matlocha, T. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2018, Letnik:
894
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper describes parameters of the proton beams provided by the U-120M cyclotron and the related irradiation setup at the open access irradiation facility at the Nuclear Physics Institute of the ...Czech Academy of Sciences. The facility is suitable for testing radiation hardness of various electronic components. The use of the setup is illustrated by a measurement of an error rate for errors caused by Single Event Transients in an SRAM-based Xilinx XC3S200 FPGA. This measurement provides an estimate of a possible occurrence of Single Event Transients. Data suggest that the variation of error rate of the Single Event Effects for different clock phase shifts is not significant enough to use clock phase alignment with the beam as a fault mitigation technique.
An ever-increasing demand for high-performance silicon sensors requires complex sensor designs that are challenging to simulate and model. The combination of electrostatic finite element simulations ...with a transient Monte Carlo approach provides simultaneous access to precise sensor modelling and high statistics. The high simulation statistics enable the inclusion of Landau fluctuations and production of secondary particles, which offers a realistic simulation scenario. The transient simulation approach is an important tool to achieve an accurate time-resolved description of the sensor, which is crucial in the face of novel detector prototypes with increasingly precise timing capabilities. The simulated time resolution as a function of operating parameters as well as the full transient pulse can be monitored and assessed, which offers a new perspective for the optimisation and characterisation of silicon sensors.
In this paper, a combination of electrostatic finite-element simulations using 3D TCAD and transient Monte Carlo simulations with the Allpix2 framework are presented for a monolithic CMOS pixel sensor with a small collection electrode, that is characterised by a highly inhomogeneous, complex electric field. The results are compared to transient 3D TCAD simulations that offer a precise simulation of the transient behaviour but long computation times. Additionally, the simulations are benchmarked against test-beam data and good agreement is found for the performance parameters over a wide range of different operation conditions.
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