Biodiversity loss is a major challenge. Over the past century, the average rate of vertebrate extinction has been about 100-fold higher than the estimated background rate and population declines ...continue to increase globally. Birth and death rates determine the pace of population increase or decline, thus driving the expansion or extinction of a species. Design of species conservation policies hence depends on demographic data (e.g., for extinction risk assessments or estimation of harvesting quotas). However, an overview of the accessible data, even for better known taxa, is lacking. Here, we present the Demographic Species Knowledge Index, which classifies the available information for 32,144 (97%) of extant described mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. We show that only 1.3% of the tetrapod species have comprehensive information on birth and death rates. We found no demographic measures, not even crude ones such as maximum life span or typical litter/clutch size, for 65% of threatened tetrapods. More field studies are needed; however, some progress can be made by digitalizing existing knowledge, by imputing data from related species with similar life histories, and by using information from captive populations. We show that data from zoos and aquariums in the Species360 network can significantly improve knowledge for an almost eightfold gain. Assessing the landscape of limited demographic knowledge is essential to prioritize ways to fill data gaps. Such information is urgently needed to implement management strategies to conserve at-risk taxa and to discover new unifying concepts and evolutionary relationships across thousands of tetrapod species.
We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2013aa and SN 2017cbv, two nearly identical type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the host galaxy NGC 5643. The optical photometry has been ...obtained using the same telescope and instruments used by the Carnegie Supernova Project. This eliminates most instrumental systematics and provides light curves in a stable and well-understood photometric system. Having the same host galaxy also eliminates systematics due to distance and peculiar velocity, providing an opportunity to directly test the relative precision of SNe Ia as standard candles. The two SNe have nearly identical decline rates, negligible reddenings, and remarkably similar spectra, and, at a distance of ∼20 Mpc, they are ideal potential calibrators for the absolute distance using primary indicators such as Cepheid variables. We discuss to what extent these two SNe can be considered twins and compare them with other supernova "siblings" in the literature and their likely progenitor scenarios. Using 12 galaxies that hosted two or more SNe Ia, we find that when using SNe Ia, and after accounting for all sources of observational error, one gets consistency in distance to 3%.
In the poultry industry, the meat market requires a careful coordination of the broiler chicken supply chain comprising breeders, hatcheries, farms, slaughterhouses, wholesale, and retail vendors. ...Aside from the inherent challenges of coordinating a supply chain, animal husbandry systems face additional complex tasks. The lack of integrated decisions within the poultry chain could lead to a production plan that (a) does not comply with the biosecurity standards required in meat production for human consumption at the farms; (b) violates the production and inventory capacities at the slaughterhouses; and (c) does not meet the demand of customers. To streamline the supply chain, we propose a mixed‐integer linear programming model that supports production planning and scheduling decisions in broiler chicken production facilities. In addition, we embedded the mixed‐integer programming model in a rolling‐horizon scheme to improve scalability and to avoid the myopic effect of time‐indexed optimization models that put too much emphasis on a specific time period. We present the results of a case study in a poultry company in Santa Marta (Colombia), where we reach profit improvements that range from 7% to 57% with a reduction in inventory costs that range from 30% to 60%, while simultaneously meeting stringent technical, tactical, and biosecurity constraints.
The proper motions of the three stars ejected from Orion's OMC1 cloud core are combined with the requirement that their center of mass is gravitationally bound to OMC1 to show that radio source I ...(Src I) is likely to have a mass around 15 M consistent with recent measurements. Src I, the star with the smallest proper motion, is suspected to be either an astronomical-unit-scale binary or a protostellar merger remnant produced by a dynamic interaction ∼550 yr ago. Near-infrared 2.2 m images spanning ∼21 yr confirm the ∼55 km s−1 motion of "source x" (Src x) away from the site of stellar ejection and point of origin of the explosive OMC1 protostellar outflow. The radial velocities and masses of the Becklin-Neugebauer (BN) object and Src I constrain the radial velocity of Src x to be km s−1. Several high proper-motion radio sources near BN, including Zapata 11 (ZRK2004 11) and a diffuse source near IRc 23, may trace a slow bipolar outflow from BN. The massive disk around Src I is likely the surviving portion of a disk that existed prior to the stellar ejection. Though highly perturbed, shocked, and reoriented by the N-body interaction, enough time has elapsed to allow the disk to relax with its spin axis roughly orthogonal to the proper motion.
PURPOSE
The National Cancer Information System (NCIS) has been operating since 2014, including information reported by health care insurers and providers on people with cancer diagnosed and treated ...within the Colombian health system. Its main purpose is to identify barriers to an effective access to cancer diagnosis and treatment across the country. We aimed to describe the methodology, scope and results in terms of access to health services with real-world data provided by the NCIS.
METHODS
Reporting of all cases of cancer by insurers and providers is mandatory by law. Data gathered include demographic and clinical information about new and old cases of cancer who receive health services. Over the years, the reporting process has been automated and it is currently performed in real time. Data quality is ensured through a standardized data-monitoring process. Access to health services is monitored by quality measures defined by consensus.
RESULTS
Since 2015, prevalent cases of invasive cancer have increased from 163,776 to 331,021 in 2020 (increment of 102.12%). Regarding quality measures, the proportion of people staged at diagnosis has increased over the years, especially in breast cancer. Meanwhile, early diagnosis is still concerning for breast and prostate cancer. Time to diagnosis and treatment have not consistently reached the expected goals in breast, cervical, and prostate cancer, whereas they have shown a better level of compliance for stomach and colon and rectum tumors, still not reaching the highest performance.
CONCLUSION
The real-world information approach provided by the NCIS may be complementary for cancer control planning in Colombia, emphasizing better management processes of health insurers and providers by identifying barriers for timely access to health care.
Mitochondria participate in several distinctiveness of cancer cell, being a promising target for the design of anti-cancer compounds. Previously, we described that ortho-carbonyl hydroquinone ...scaffold 14 inhibits the complex I-dependent respiration with selective anti-proliferative effect on mouse mammary adenocarcinoma TA3/Ha cancer cells; however, the structural requirements of this hydroquinone scaffold to affect the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of cancer cells have not been studied in detail. Here, we characterize the mitochondrial metabolism of TA3/Ha cancer cells, which exhibit a high oxidative metabolism, and evaluate the effect of small structural changes of the hydroquinone scaffold 14 on the respiration of this cell line. Our results indicate that these structural changes modify the effect on OXPHOS, obtaining compounds with three alternative actions: inhibitors of complex I-dependent respiration, uncoupler of OXPHOS and compounds with both actions. To confirm this, the effect of a bicyclic hydroquinone (9) was evaluated in isolated mitochondria. Hydroquinone 9 increased mitochondrial respiration in state 4o without effects on the ADP-stimulated respiration (state 3ADP), decreasing the complexes I and II-dependent respiratory control ratio. The effect on mitochondrial respiration was reversed by 6-ketocholestanol addition, indicating that this hydroquinone is a protonophoric uncoupling agent. In intact TA3/Ha cells, hydroquinone 9 caused mitochondrial depolarization, decreasing intracellular ATP and NAD(P)H levels and GSH/GSSG ratio, and slightly increasing the ROS levels. Moreover, it exhibited selective NAD(P)H availability-dependent anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells. Therefore, our results indicate that the ortho-carbonyl hydroquinone scaffold offers the possibility to design compounds with specific actions on OXPHOS of cancer cells.
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•Small changes on a hydroquinone scaffold modify the action on OXPHOS of cancer cells.•Complex I Inhibitors, uncoupler of OXPHOS and agents with dual action are described.•Cpd. 9 is an uncoupler agent of OXPHOS with selective anti-proliferative effects.•Useful information to design agents with a selective mechanism on OXPHOS is provided.
•Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Colombia.•Delays in time to treatment initiation have been associated with poor prognosis.•Only 12.41% of women were ...treated within the 30 days from diagnosis.•Median time to treatment initiation was longer in women under chemotherapy.•Social disparities were associated with delays in time to treatment initiation.
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the leading causes of morbidity in upper-middle income countries such as Colombia. Several studies have reported poor prognosis when treatment is delayed. We aimed to describe the factors associated with delays in time to treatment initiation (TTI) in Colombian women with CC. Cross-sectional analysis including newly diagnosed cases of CC during 2018 and reported to the National Administrative Cancer Registry. TTI was defined as days from diagnosis to the first treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery). Linear and multinomial logistic regression models were estimated to analyze the association of interest. 1,249 new cases of CC were analyzed (26.98% in-situ and 40.11% locally advanced). The median age was 46 years (IQR: 36–58). Median TTI was 71 days (IQR: 42–105), varying from 70 days (IQR: 43–106) among the surgery group to 76 days (IQR: 41–118) in women under chemotherapy. Only 12.41% were treated within 30 days from diagnosis. TTI was significantly longer in women with state insurance (β = 18.95 days, 95% CI: 11.77–26.13) compared with those insured by the third payer. Women from the Pacific and Eastern regions also had a significantly longer TTI than those living in the capital of Colombia. Age, health insurance, region of residence, and stage at diagnosis were associated with TTI longer than 45 days in the multinomial model. We concluded that demographic variables (age, region of residence, and health insurance) which are proxies of social disparities and poor access to quality health care services, were associated with delays in TTI.
Cancer is widely recognized as a global public health problem. Breast, prostate, and cervical cancer are among the most frequent types in developing countries. Assessing their incidence and mortality ...by regions and municipalities is important to guide evidence-based health policy. Our aim was to describe the incidence and mortality trends for breast, cervical, and prostate cancer across regions and municipalities in Colombia during 2018.
We performed a cross-sectional analysis with data from people with breast, prostate, or cervical cancer, reported to the National Administrative Cancer Registry during 2018. A descriptive analysis was performed. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were estimated at national, regional, and municipal levels. Finally, we identify the regions and municipalities with significantly higher or lower incidence and mortality rates compared to national estimations.
Breast cancer was the most frequent type among all new cases and deaths in Colombia. Breast, prostate and cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 were: 18.69 (CI 95%: 18.15-19.25) and 10.48 (CI 95%: 10.07-10.91); 11.34 (CI 95%: 10.90-11.78) and 7.58 (CI 95%: 7.22-7.96); 5.93 (CI 95%: 5.62-6.25) and 4.31 (CI 95%: 4.05-4.58), respectively. Eastern region had both, incidence and mortality rates, significantly lower than national for all types of cancer. By municipalities, there was a heterogeneous pattern. Nonetheless, Agua de Dios (Cundinamarca), had one of the highest incidence rates for all types.
We observed clear differences in cancer incidence and mortality across regions and municipalities, depending on each type of cancer. Our findings are important to improve screening coverage, early detection, and treatment in the country.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin Nancy Vargas-Mendoza Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán ngel Morales-González Jaime Esquivel-Soto Cesar Esquivel-Chirino Manuel García-Luna y González-Rubio Juan A Gayosso-de-Lucio José A Morales-González
World journal of hepatology,
03/2014, Letnik:
6, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The use of medicinal plants in treating illnesses has been reported since ancestral times.In the case of hepatic diseases,several species such as Silybum marianum,Phyllanthus niruri,and Panus ...giganteus(Berk.)have been shown to ameliorate hepatic lesions.Silymarin is a natural compound derived from the species Silybum marianum,which is commonly known as Milk thistle.This plant contains at least seven flavoligands and the flavonoid taxifolin.The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of silymarin is caused by its ability to inhibit the free radicals that are produced from the metabolism of toxic substances such as ethanol,acetaminophen,and carbon tetrachloride.The generation of free radicals is known to damage cellular membranes and cause lipoperoxidation.Silymarin enhances hepatic glutathione and may contribute to the antioxidant defense of the liver.It has also been shown that silymarin increases protein synthesis in hepatocytes by stimulating RNA polymerase I activity.A previous study on humans reported that silymarin treatment caused a slight increase in the survival of patients with cirrhotic alcoholism compared with untreated controls.
Esta pesquisa busca dialogar sobre as possibilidades educativas da utilização do modelo de ensino Sport Education nas aulas de Educação Física do ensino médio de uma escola pública. Para isso, ...desenvolvemos uma pesquisa-ação, um processo cíclico que resultou na integração do modelo em uma unidade didática de futsal. A partir da proposta, entendemos que a principal vantagem de se fazer uso do modelo de ensino é a melhora no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos. Para os professores, o Sport Education possibilita uma visualização geral do planejamento da unidade didática a ser trabalhada. No entanto, isso demanda um trabalho contínuo do docente, que, por vezes, precisa desenvolver atividades fora de sua carga horária semanal. Diante disso, entendemos que se faz necessário testar a experiência em diferentes ambientes para conhecer outras vantagens e dificuldades de se trabalhar com essa proposta.
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