Introduction:
A key purpose of denture provision is to enable eating, yet the body of evidence pertaining to the impact of dentures on wide-ranging nutritional outcomes has not been systematically ...reviewed.
Objectives:
To systematically review published evidence pertaining to the effect of wearing removable dental prosthesis on dietary intake, nutritional status, eating function, and eating related–quality of life (ERQoL).
Methods:
Eight questions relating to the impact of wearing dentures on nutritional outcomes were addressed. The target population was healthy adults aged ≥18 y. Data sources included Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PubMed. Included were all human epidemiologic studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa score was used for appraisal of study quality. Harvest plots, vote counting, and accompanying narrative provided the basis for synthesis.
Results:
Of the 1,245 records identified, 134 were retrieved and eligibility assessed by 2 reviewers, and 41 studies were included in the synthesis (14 rated good quality, 20 fair, and 7 poor). The balance of data supported a positive impact of wearing full (5/7 studies) or partial (3/3 studies) dentures (vs. no dentures) on nutritional status, though no clear direction of effect was detected for the impact of dentures on dietary intake. The balance of data clearly showed that objective measures of eating function were compromised in full (14/15 studies) and partial (6/7 studies) denture wearers as compared with the dentate. Data showed that ERQoL was also compromised in denture wearers as compared with the dentate (3/3 studies). However, data showed a positive impact of wearing dentures on ERQoL (5/5 studies) as opposed to wearing no dentures.
Conclusion:
The balance of evidence shows that despite no clear pattern on impact of wearing dentures on measured dietary intake, in those with tooth loss, wearing dentures can have a positive impact on nutritional status and enjoyment of eating.
Knowledge Transfer Statement:
The results of this systematic review can be used to advocate for health care services to address prosthodontic need to benefit nutritional outcomes. The findings will be of use in educating health care professionals on the impact of wearing dentures and not addressing prosthodontic need on nutritional outcomes.
Software modularization is extremely important to streamline the inner structure of the program modules without influencing its core functionality. As the framework advances during the upkeep stage, ...the pristine design of the software package gets disintegrated and hence it is arduous to understand and maintain. There are many existing approaches being carried out to automatically remodularize using optimization techniques to ease the maintenance and improve the quality of the system. The outcomes are rather insufficiently optimal and depend on problem-specific operators, which in turn expands the time multifaceted nature to land at an answer. Apart from these limitations, the issues, such as time complexity, scalability and performance need to be addressed.
In this paper, an efficient automatic software remodularization using extended Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) has been proposed to remodularize the software systems.
The proposed approach mainly includes two phases: optimised traversal of software system using ACO for finding the order of software files to be processed and remodularization of software system using the proposed approach of extended ACO.
We experimented our proposed approach on seven software systems. The performance is evaluated by using Turbo modularization quality (MQ) which supports Module dependency graph (MDG) that have edge weights. The time complexity of remodularized software system is evaluated based on number of Turbo MQ.
It can be concluded that when the performance has been compared with the subsisting methodologies, for example, Genetic algorithm (GA), Hill climbing (HC) and Interactive genetic algorithms (I-GAs), the proposed approach has higher Turbo MQ value with lesser time complexity in the evaluated software systems.
Practical applications involving the magnetic bistability of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) for next-generation computer technologies require nanostructuring, organization, and protection of ...nanoscale materials in two- or three-dimensional networks, to enable read-and-write processes. Owing to their porous nature and structural long-range order, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been proposed as hosts to facilitate these efforts. Although probing the channels of MOF composites using indirect methods is well established, the use of direct methods to elucidate fundamental structural information is still lacking. Herein we report the direct imaging of SMMs encapsulated in a mesoporous MOF matrix using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. These images deliver, for the first time, direct and unambiguous evidence to support the adsorption of molecular guests within the porous host. Bulk magnetic measurements further support the successful nanostructuring of SMMs. The preparation of the first magnetic composite thin films of this kind furthers the development of molecular spintronics.
We herein report the synthesis of CuInS2/ZnS (CIS/ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) via a greener method followed by sodium alginate (SA) passivation and encapsulation into mesoporous channels of amine ...modified silica (SBA15-NH2) for improved photostability and biocompatibility. The as-synthesized CIS/ZnS QDs exhibited near infrared emission even after SA passivation and silica encapsulation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Small angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the mesoporous nature of the SBA-15 remained stable after loading with the SA-CIS/ZnS QDs. The effective encapsulation of SA-CIS/ZnS QDs inside the pores of SBA15-NH2 matrix was confirmed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) pore volume analysis while the interaction between the QDs and SBA15-NH2 was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The photostability of the QDs was greatly enhanced after these modifications. The resultant SA-CIS/ZnS-SBA15-NH2 (QDs-silica) composite possessed remarkable biocompatibility towards lung cancer (A549) and kidney (HEK 293) cell lines making it a versatile material for theranostic applications.
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CuInS
2
(CIS) quantum dots (QDs) are known to be ideal fluorophores based on their low toxicity and tunable emission. However, due to low quantum yield (QY) and photostability, the surface is usually ...passivated by a higher bandgap shell (e.g. ZnS). This always resulted in a blue-shifted emission position which is not usually favourable for biological imaging. To address this problem, we herein report the passivation of green synthesized near infra-red emitting glutathione (GSH) capped CuInS
2
QDs using different concentration of sodium alginate (SA) at different temperatures. The as-synthesized QDs are small (~ 3.2 nm), highly crystalline and emitted in the near infra-red region. The optical results showed a 36% increase in photostability and a 2-fold increase in quantum yield at ratio 1:8 (SA: CIS) which is suitable for prolonged biological imaging applications. Transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the materials are highly crystalline without any change in shape and size after passivation with the biopolymer.
Graphical Abstract
Sesamol is the main constituent of sesame seed oil and is obtained from Sesamum indicum. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common neoplasms affecting the oral cavity. In this ...study, we investigated the cytotoxic potentials of sesamol on human oral squamous carcinoma (SCC-25) cells. Human oral squamous carcinoma cells were treated with different concentrations (62.5, 125, and 250 μM/mL) of sesamol for 24 h. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by 3- (4, 5- dimethylthiazol -2- yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was investigated by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay. Apoptosis-related morphology was analyzed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Caspase-9 expression was analyzed by confocal microscopic double immunofluorescence staining. Mitochondrial apoptosis-related markers are analyzed using qPCR. Sesamol treatment caused a significant cytotoxic effect in OSCC cells. Sesamol-induced cytotoxic effect was associated with intracellular ROS generation. Sesamol treatments induced a significant increase in the early and late apoptotic cells. This treatment also induced caspase-9 expression in OSCC cells. Sesamol treatments caused downregulation of Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS) expression at protein and gene levels. Sesamol treatment modulates intrinsic apoptotic marker gene expression in OSCC cells. Overall results confirm the anti-cancer potential of sesamol and it seems to be a promising candidate for OSCC.
An ex-vivo study was aimed at (i) programming clinically validated robot three-year random toothbrushing, (ii) evaluating cervical macro- and microwear patterns on all tooth groups of different ...functional age, (iii) documenting and codificating wear related morphological features at the cemento-enamel junction in young teeth and on roots in older teeth.
Following ethical approval random toothbrushing (44 strokes per tooth horizontally, rotating, vertically; 2x/d) with manual toothbrushes and low-abrasive dentifrice was performed in an artificial oral cavity with brushing-force 3.5 N on 14 extracted human teeth. Morphological features were examined by SEM at baseline and after simulated 3 years using the replication technique. 3D-SEM analyses were carried out with a four-quadrant back scattered electron detector. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-test was used for statistical analyses.
3-year random toothbrushing with horizontal, rotating and vertical brushing movements revealed morphological features classified as four enamel patterns, one dentin pattern and three cervical patterns. Negative impacts were enamel, cementum and dentin loss. Positive impact on oral health was removing dental calculus and straightening cervical traumatic and iatrogenic damages. The volume loss varied from x̅=34.25nl to x̅=87.75nl. Wear extended apically from 100 to 1500 micrometres.
Robot simulated toothbrushing in an artificial oral cavity, with subsequent SEM and 3D-SEM assessment, elucidated both negative and oral health-contributing micromorphology patterns of cervical wear after simulated 3-year random toothbrushing. Cervical macro- and microwear of cementum revealed, for the first time, what we describe as overhanging enamel peninsulas and enamel islands on roots in young teeth, but no enamel islands on roots from older teeth after root cementum loss. In contrast, many older teeth exhibited enamel peninsulas.
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•Clinically validated robot testing elucidates the pathobiology of hard tissue loss.•Eight abrasion patterns by toothbrushing were summarized in a microwear-catalogue.•Microwear resulted in overhanging enamel peninsulas and enamel islands on roots.•Toothbrushing contributes to calculus removal in these hidden areas.•Tissue loss varies from tooth to tooth and is age-depending in the nanolitre range.
There remains a large discrepancy between the known genetic contributions to cancer and that which can be explained by genomic variants, both inherited and somatic. Recently, understudied repetitive ...DNA regions called microsatellites have been identified as genetic risk markers for a number of diseases including various cancers (breast, ovarian and brain). In this study, we demonstrate an integrated process for identifying and further evaluating microsatellite-based risk markers for lung cancer using data from the cancer genome atlas and the 1000 genomes project. Comparing whole-exome germline sequencing data from 488 TCGA lung cancer samples to germline exome data from 390 control samples from the 1000 genomes project, we identified 119 potentially informative microsatellite loci. These loci were found to be able to distinguish between cancer and control samples with sensitivity and specificity ratios over 0.8. Then these loci, supplemented with additional loci from other cancers and controls, were evaluated using a target enrichment kit and sample-multiplexed nextgen sequencing. Thirteen of the 119 risk markers were found to be informative in a well powered study (>0.99 for a 0.95 confidence interval) using high-depth (579x±315) nextgen sequencing of 30 lung cancer and 89 control samples, resulting in sensitivity and specificity ratios of 0.90 and 0.94, respectively. When 8 loci harvested from the bioinformatic analysis of other cancers are added to the classifier, then the sensitivity and specificity rise to 0.93 and 0.97, respectively. Analysis of the genes harboring these loci revealed two genes (ARID1B and REL) and two significantly enriched pathways (chromatin organization and cellular stress response) suggesting that the process of lung carcinogenesis is linked to chromatin remodeling, inflammation, and tumor microenvironment restructuring. We illustrate that high-depth sequencing enables a high-precision microsatellite-based risk classifier analysis approach. This microsatellite-based platform confirms the potential to create clinically actionable diagnostics for lung cancer.
Keratinase degrading Bacillus cereus was isolated from the halophilic environment in Tamilnadu, India and keratinase production was optimized using wheat bran substrate. Of the screened bacterial ...isolates, four were found to have the ability to produce keratinolytic enzyme. The process parameters were optimized using one-variable-at-a-time approach and response surface methodology. Supplementation of 1% lactose supported more keratinase production (120 U/g). Among the selected nitrogen sources, addition of casein significantly enhanced maximum keratinase production (132.5 U/g). Among the ions, manganese chloride significantly enhanced keratinsase production (102.6 U/g), however addition of zinc sulphate and copper sulphate decreased keratinase production. The maximum keratinase production was obtained in the wheat bran medium containing 1% lactose, 0.5% manganese with 80% moisture (292 U/g). Statistics based contour plots were generated to explore the variations in the response surface and to find the relationship between the keratinase yield and the bioprocess conditions.
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