The dynamic coupling between the stratospheric and tropospheric processes is studied for the sudden stratospheric warming registered in January-February 2017. Also, the effects of these processes on ...the tropospheric circulation and weather conditions in the middle and high latitudes via the reflection of wave activity from the stratosphere are investigated.
Data from the AIRS satellite infrared spectrometer and NCEP reanalysis are used to study the formation of the ozone miniholes (OMHs) and their influence on the levels of UV radiation (UVR) from ...May 22 to 24, 2021, in the middle and southern parts of the Volga region and the south of Urals and Western Siberia, and from March 16 to 18, 2022, in the northwest of the European Russia. These OMHs form due to the anticyclone-caused tropopause rise and the transport of ozone-depleted air masses from the subtropics. In the former period, in the OMH region with negative total ozone (TO) anomalies up to ~20% of the average values over 2003 to 2021, the positive UVR anomalies attained 40–60%, and the UV index increased from ~6 to ~8. In the latter period, in the OMH region with negative TO anomalies up to ~ −40%, the positive UVR anomalies attained 40–60%, and the UV index increased from ~1 to ~2. The UVR flux calculations with an original radiation model confirmed the UVR increase in the OMH region revealed using satellite observations.
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The response of Northern Hemisphere storm tracks (North Atlantic and North Pacific) to climate change and to the strengthening and weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex is investigated in ...simulations of the Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Climate Model version 5 (INM-CM5) under phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project for the moderate (SSP2-4.5) and severe (SSP5-8.5) greenhouse gas emission scenarios (2015–2100). A significant northward shift of both storm tracks and some strengthening of the North Pacific and weakening of the North Atlantic storm track are expected by the late 21st century under SSP2-4.5. In SSP5-85, the response of both storm tracks manifests itself mainly through amplification and, to a lesser extent, through a poleward. Moreover, there is a difference in the response of the North Pacific and North Atlantic storm tracks to the strengthening and weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex under different climate conditions
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Changes in the storm tracks associated with eddy moisture flux demonstrate a character comparable to changes in their intensity, both due to an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations and due to changes in the stratospheric polar vortex.
We present the results of applying the Lagrangian methods to study the fine dynamic structure of the stratospheric polar vortex in the winter–spring of 2019–2020. Characteristics of the vortex ...structure for this winter are compared with those of a strong polar vortex and the winter of 2018–2019, when the vortex was weak. Due to the low activity of planetary waves, the polar vortex in 2019–2020 remained stable until the end of April, which created the conditions for record ozone destruction in the Arctic. We present variations of the horizontal dynamic structure obtained using reverse domain filling (RDF) and the vortex strength represented as an M function depending on time and altitude. Variations in ozone and thermodynamic parameters averaged over the ensemble of trajectories inside the vortex using the ERA5 reanalysis data are also presented.
The Arctic stratosphere winter season of 2020–2021 was characterized by a weakened stratospheric polar vortex as a result of a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in early January. After the ...SSW, which persisted for about 3 weeks, and until the end of the winter season, the lower stratosphere temperature inside the stratospheric polar vortex remained higher than required for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds.
The peculiarities of the troposphere and stratosphere dynamic processes that accompanied cooling events (cold waves) with a duration of more than a week in the northwest of European Russia (on the ...example of St. Petersburg) and in its north and center (on the example of Moscow) in early and late December 2021, respectively, are analyzed using reanalysis data, station observations, and trajectory modeling. In both cases the daily temperatures dropped below −10°C, and cold waves were accompanied by the air mass transport from the northeast
The response of the Arctic stratosphere to El Niño is studied with account of its Eastern and Central Pacific types for the period of 1950–2005. The study is based on the regression and composite ...analysis using the simulations with six CMIP5 coupled climate models and reanalysis data.
Using data from reanalyses of meteorological information, this study examines peculiarities of the thermodynamic regime of the Arctic stratosphere in the winter season of 2022–2023. For this purpose, ...components of the global meridional circulation, wave activity fluxes, volume of polar stratospheric clouds type I (PSC NAT) are analyzed, as well as changes in these indicators during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events formed in January–February. The main features of the 2022–2023 winter season were the following: (1) a persistent cold stratospheric polar vortex was observed until mid-January, which caused the PSC NAT volume growth to its maximum values since 1980; (2) enhanced wave activity from mid-January led to the formation of a minor SSW at the end of January, an increase in the temperature of the lower stratosphere and a sharp reduction in PSC NAT; (3) a week of intensification of the polar vortex was then observed, followed by a weakening due to the next burst of wave activity propagation during the second SSW event in mid-February. This second SSW event was major, accompanied by a reversal of the mean zonal wind, which lasted until early March; (4) meridional heat flux in January–February 2023 was the highest since 1948, resulting in unprecedented warming of the lower Arctic stratosphere and preventing ozone depletion in March; (5) the minor SSW at the end of January was accompanied by a more intense change in the meridional circulation than the major SSW in mid-February. Formation of ozone mini-hole over Northern and Central Europe in February 2023 was associated with the strengthening of the anticyclone, leading to a stratopause elevation and northward transport of ozone-poor air masses from the subtropics along the western periphery of the anticyclone additionally to related to the major SSW temperature changes affected the ozone concentration in the lower stratosphere.
•Minor and major SSW events are the main peculiarities of the winter 2022–2023.•Zonal heat flux at 100 hPa in January–February 2023 was the strongest since 1948.•Residual meridional circulation changes were stronger during the minor SSW.•Changes of planetary wave activity propagation after the second minor SSW contributed to the formation of the major SSW.•Ozone mini hole over Northern and Central Europe in mid-February 2023 was associated with the anticyclone strengthening.
The variability of parameters of the Antarctic ozone anomaly is studied using data of the TOMS/OMI satellite monitoring of the ozone layer, MERRA-2 reanalysis, and balloon sounding of the vertical ...distribution of ozone and temperature at the South Pole. The dynamic processes in the Antarctic stratosphere which define conditions for the significant ozone layer destruction are analyzed. Despite the decrease in the concentration of ozone-depleting substances, the significant ozone loss in the recent 8 years was observed in the Antarctic in 2011 and 2015.
The estimates of chemical ozone depletion in winter-spring seasons are given for the Arctic stratosphere based on long-term observations of the vertical distribution of ozone. The features and ...possible causes for an unusually strong and stable stratospheric polar vortex in the Arctic in the winter 2019/2020, that led to a record ozone loss in recent years, and the dynamic processes associated with this polar vortex are analyzed. The TRACAO trajectory model and ERA5 reanalysis are used for the comparative analysis of ozone depletion in the polar vortex in the winter-spring seasons 2010/2011 and 2019/2020.
