Este artigo descreve a amostra da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Parto e Nascimento no Brasil. Os hospitais com 500 ou mais nascidos vivos em 2007 foram estratificados por macrorregião, capital de estado ou ...não, e tipo, e selecionados com probabilidade proporcional ao número de nascidos-vivos em 2007. Amostragem inversa foi usada para selecionar tantos dias de pesquisa (mínimo de 7) quantos fossem necessários para alcançar 90 entrevistas realizadas com puérperas no hospital. As puérperas foram amostradas com igual probabilidade entre as elegíveis que entraram no hospital no dia. Os pesos amostrais básicos são o inverso do produto das probabilidades de inclusão em cada estágio e foram calibrados para assegurar que estimativas dos totais de nascidos vivos dos estratos correspondessem aos totais de nascidos vivos obtidos no SINASC. Para os dois seguimentos telefônicos (6 e 12 meses depois), a probabilidade de resposta das puérperas foi modelada pelas variáveis disponíveis na pesquisa de base, a fim de corrigir, para a não resposta, os pesos amostrais em cada onda de seguimento.
This paper describes the sample design for the National Survey into Labor and Birth in Brazil. The hospitals with 500 or more live births in 2007 were stratified into: the five Brazilian regions; ...state capital or not; and type of governance. They were then selected with probability proportional to the number of live births in 2007. An inverse sampling method was used to select as many days (minimum of 7) as necessary to reach 90 interviews in the hospital. Postnatal women were sampled with equal probability from the set of eligible women, who had entered the hospital in the sampled days. Initial sample weights were computed as the reciprocals of the sample inclusion probabilities and were calibrated to ensure that total estimates of the number of live births from the survey matched the known figures obtained from the Brazilian System of Information on Live Births. For the two telephone follow-up waves (6 and 12 months later), the postnatal woman's response probability was modelled using baseline covariate information in order to adjust the sample weights for nonresponse in each follow-up wave.
This work aimed at identifying, describing and analyzing news content associated with Google search cycles linked to eight types of diet: ketogenic; moon; protein; soup; detox; points; paleo; and ...Dukan. They were selected because they were pointed out by Google TrendsR (GT) as the most often associated with the term "diet". The content of sites linked to the highest search peaks was pointed out by Google NewsR. The volume of search attempts for diets was estimated by the GT with region filters (Brazil) and theme (Health) considering the period from 01/01/2012 to 01/01/2017. Results: hits portray ephemeral cycles, with hundreds of peaks and declining interest in the eight fad diets. The emphasis is on guidelines for quick weight loss in favor of optimal health as a proxy for an esthetic ideal. The scale of the risks associated with the more restrictive diets is often quoted and validated by expert information. The exposure and influence of the opinion of celebrities reporting their dietary experiences stand out. Contrary to the ideal of moderation, variety, and balance, fad diets portray thepressure for food self-control as a resource for building an idealized body typified by celebrity images.
Resumo O desafio de analisar a distorção infodêmica e o ávido consumo das Fake News (FN) está ligado à complexidade das engrenagens de produção, divulgação e contaminação do imaginário social. As ...modalidades de situações desinformativas e lacunas no arcabouço conceitual desdobram-se em indeterminações, embora pouca atenção se tenha dedicado à recepção das mensagens. O presente ensaio refere-se às circunstâncias tecnológicas e culturais a partir das quais prospera a produção e consumo incoercível da mentira, não raro justificada sob diversos propósitos. Destaca-se a centralidade do engodo em massa como agressão à política e à saúde pública em um contexto sociocultural no qual o vício na excitação tornou-se estruturante. Serão usadas ferramentas analíticas da Filosofia da Excitação de Christoph Tücker para compreender o fenômeno da ininterrupta produção de estímulos e artefatos imagéticos que incitam ao vício nas narrativas de ludíbrio e das interações sem relacionalidade. Conclui-se que no contexto da atual “Idade Mídia”, novas modalidades de ideologia e alienação estão envolvidas em ciclos de consumo. As necessidades da identidade grupal geram discursos sem diálogo e deterioração dos processos comunicativos a partir do qual o poder da convicção impera sobre o factual.
Abstract The challenge of analyzing the infodemic distortion and avid consumption of fake news is linked to the complexity of production, dissemination, and contamination of the social imagination. The modalities of uninformative situations and gaps in the conceptual framework fall into indeterminacy, although scant attention has been devoted to the reception of messages. This paper refers to the technological and cultural circumstances from which the production and uncontrollable consumption of lies thrive, often justified for different purposes. The centrality of mass deception is highlighted as an aggression to politics and public health in a socio-cultural context in which the addiction to excitement has become structural. Analytical tools from Türcke’s Philosophy of Sensation are used to understand the phenomenon of uninterrupted production of stimuli and imagery artifacts that incite addiction in narratives of deception and interactions without any relationship. The conclusion drawn is that in the context of the current “Media Age”, new forms of ideology and alienation are involved in consumption cycles. The needs of group identity generate speech without dialogue and deterioration of communicative processes in which the power of conviction prevails over fact.
The challenge of analyzing the infodemic distortion and avid consumption of fake news is linked to the complexity of production, dissemination, and contamination of the social imagination. The ...modalities of uninformative situations and gaps in the conceptual framework fall into indeterminacy, although scant attention has been devoted to the reception of messages. This paper refers to the technological and cultural circumstances from which the production and uncontrollable consumption of lies thrive, often justified for different purposes. The centrality of mass deception is highlighted as an aggression to politics and public health in a socio-cultural context in which the addiction to excitement has become structural. Analytical tools from Türcke's Philosophy of Sensation are used to understand the phenomenon of uninterrupted production of stimuli and imagery artifacts that incite addiction in narratives of deception and interactions without any relationship. The conclusion drawn is that in the context of the current "Media Age", new forms of ideology and alienation are involved in consumption cycles. The needs of group identity generate speech without dialogue and deterioration of communicative processes in which the power of conviction prevails over fact.
Resumo: No Brasil, o aborto permanece como problema de saúde pública e está entre as principais causas de óbito materno. As mulheres com maior risco de morte pelo aborto são as socialmente mais ...vulneráveis. O Ministério da Saúde estabeleceu obrigatoriedade da investigação dos óbitos de mulheres em idade fértil com discussão dos óbitos maternos em Comitês de Mortalidade Materna, objetivando identificar falhas na condução dos casos que colaboraram ou determinaram os óbitos. No Município do Rio de Janeiro, essa estrutura está organizada em um Comitê Municipal e dez Comissões Regionais de Prevenção e Controle da Mortalidade Materna. O objetivo foi analisar o conteúdo das recomendações feitas pelas Comissões Regionais para os óbitos por aborto provocado, por meio de um estudo descritivo das recomendações das Comissões Regionais para os óbitos por aborto provocado de residentes do Município do Rio de Janeiro de 2011 a 2016. Para a seleção dos casos, foi usada a classificação do Guia de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Óbito Materno para óbitos por aborto. As recomendações foram classificadas de acordo com dois focos: “destinatários e conteúdo” e “prática do aborto e os fatores relacionados a ela”. As recomendações foram consideradas predominantemente técnicas, de caráter biomédico, sem relacionar os óbitos às questões sociais, culturais e econômicas. Temas tabus, como interrupção voluntária da gravidez e busca de mudanças de padrões que promoveriam o direito à saúde das mulheres, estavam ausentes. As Comissões Regionais exercem atividade importante e constituem avanço no combate à mortalidade materna, mas suas recomendações contribuem parcialmente para a redução da mortalidade por aborto provocado.
Abstract: Abortion is still a public health problem in Brazil and is among the leading causes of maternal death. Socially vulnerable women have the greatest risk of death from abortion. The Brazilian Ministry of Health determined mandatory investigation of deaths of childbearing-age women with discussion of maternal deaths by Maternal Mortality Committees, aimed at identifying failures in management of cases that led to or determined the deaths. In the city of Rio de Janeiro, this structure is organized in a Municipal Committee and ten Regional Commissions for Prevention and Control of Maternal Mortality. The objective was to analyze the recommendations by the Regional Commissions on deaths from induced abortion. We carried out a descriptive study of recommendations by the Regional Commissions on deaths from induced abortion in women living in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 2011 to 2016. Case selection used the classification of the Guidelines for Epidemiological Surveillance of Maternal Death for deaths from abortion. Recommendations were classified according to two points: “recipients and content” and “performance of abortion and related factors”. The recommendations were predominantly technical and biomedical, without correlating the deaths to social, cultural, and economic issues. Taboo topics such as voluntary termination of pregnancy and search for changes in standards that would promote women’s right to health were missing. Regional Commissions exercise an important activity and are a step forward in the fight against maternal mortality, but their recommendations only contribute partially to reducing mortality from induced abortion.
Resumen: En Brasil, el aborto permanece como un problema de salud pública y está entre las principales causas de óbito materno. Las mujeres con mayor riesgo de muerte por aborto son las socialmente más vulnerables. El Ministerio de Salud estableció la obligatoriedad de la investigación de los óbitos de mujeres en edad fértil, con discusión de los óbitos maternos en Comités de Mortalidad Materna, con el objetivo de identificar fallos en el manejo de los casos que colaboraron o determinaron los óbitos. En el municipio de Río de Janeiro esta estructura está organizada en un Comité Municipal y diez Comisiones Regionales de Prevención y Control de la Mortalidad Materna. El objetivo fue analizar el contenido de las recomendaciones realizadas por las Comisiones Regionales para los óbitos por aborto provocado. Fue realizado un estudio descriptivo de las recomendaciones de las Comisiones Regionales para los óbitos por aborto provocado de residentes del Municipio de Río de Janeiro de 2011 a 2016. Para la selección de los casos se usó la clasificación de la Guía de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Óbito Materno para óbitos por aborto. Las recomendaciones se clasificaron según dos enfoques: “destinatarios y contenido” y “práctica del aborto y los factores relacionados con el mismo”. Las recomendaciones son predominantemente técnicas, de carácter biomédico, sin relacionar los óbitos con las cuestiones sociales, culturales y económicas. Temas tabús, como interrupción voluntaria del embarazo y búsqueda de cambios de patrones que promoverían el derecho a la salud de las mujeres, estaban ausentes. Las Comisiones Regionales ejercen actividad importante y constituyen un avance en el combate a la mortalidad materna, pero sus recomendaciones contribuyen parcialmente a la reducción de la mortalidad por aborto provocado.
Esta revisão integrativa objetivou caracterizar produções científicas que abordam interfaces entre a rede social Facebook e o campo da alimentação e nutrição. Entre agosto e outubro de 2018 as bases ...de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Web of Science, Scopus e MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online foram consultadas, e 85 artigos foram selecionados. Os estudos são emergentes no cenário internacional e incipientes no Brasil. Observou-se expressiva utilização do Facebook para mediação de ações de educação alimentar e nutricional, e seus usos também foram situados como práticas de risco ao reforçar o marketing nutricional de alimentos considerados insalubres e ao difundir conteúdos imagéticos que suscetibilizam internautas com relação aos transtornos alimentares. Observa-se que o Facebook vem sendo apropriado de diversas formas, a partir de interesses e valores que refletem a sociedade de seu tempo e espaço e que imprimem suas características nesses processos de apropriação.
The aims of the present study were to identify and analyse the Diseases Neglected by the Media (DNMs) via a comparison between the most important health issues to the population of Espírito Santo, ...Brazil, from the epidemiological perspective (health value) and their effective coverage by the print media, and to analyse the DNMs considering the perspective of key journalists involved in the dissemination of health topics in the state media.
Morbidity and mortality data were collected from official documents and from Health Information Systems. In parallel, the diseases reported in the two major newspapers of Espírito Santo in 2011-2012 were identified from 10,771 news articles. Concomitantly, eight interviews were conducted with reporters from the two newspapers to understand the journalists' reasons for the coverage or neglect of certain health/disease topics.
Quantitatively, the DNMs identified diseases associated with poverty, including tuberculosis, leprosy, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and trachoma. Apart from these, diseases with outbreaks in the period evaluated, including whooping cough and meningitis, some cancers, respiratory diseases, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke, were also seldom addressed by the media. In contrast, dengue fever, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), diabetes, breast cancer, prostate cancer, tracheal cancer, and bronchial and lung cancers were broadly covered in the period analysed, corroborating the tradition of media disclosure of these diseases. Qualitatively, the DNMs included rare diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), leishmaniasis, Down syndrome, and verminoses. The reasons for the neglect of these topics by the media included the political and economic interests of the newspapers, their editorial line, and the organizational routine of the newsrooms.
Media visibility acts as a strategy for legitimising priorities and contextualizing various realities. Therefore, we propose that the health problems identified should enter the public agenda and begin to be recognized as legitimate demands.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
