The Superstition Hills Fault (SHF) exhibits a rich spectrum of slip modes, including M 6+ earthquakes, afterslip, quasi‐steady creep, and both triggered and spontaneous slow slip events (SSEs). ...Following 13 years of quiescence, creepmeters recorded 25 mm of slip during 16–19 May 2023. Additional sub‐events brought the total slip to 41 mm. The event nucleated on the northern SHF in early‐May and propagated bi‐laterally at rates on the order of kilometers per day. Surface offsets reveal a bi‐modal slip distribution, with slip on the northern section of the fault being less localized and lower amplitude compared to the southern section. Kinematic slip models confirm systematic variations in the slip distribution along‐strike and with depth and suggest that slip is largely confined to the shallow sedimentary layer. Observations and models of the 2023 SSE bear a strong similarity to previous slip episodes in 1999, 2006, and 2010, suggesting a characteristic behavior.
Plain Language Summary
Studying the mechanical properties and behavior of faults is essential for understanding earthquake ruptures. In this study, we investigate a recent slip event on the Superstition Hills Fault (SHF), which has a well‐documented record of slip. A notable aspect of the SHF is that it periodically undergoes “slow slip events” (SSEs), where the fault slips and releases energy without any accompanied ground shaking. During May‐July 2023, the SHF experienced a major SSE for the first time in 13 years. Our analysis shows that it was the largest documented SSE on the SHF and released equivalent energy to a magnitude 4.5 earthquake. We also find that the spatial pattern of fault slip is very similar to several previous slip events in 1999, 2006, and 2010, suggesting that the SHF has a tendency to slip in a characteristic manner.
Key Points
We document a recent spontaneous slow slip event (SSE) on the Superstition Hills Fault using creepmeter, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Global Navigation Satellite System, and field measurements
Over 41 mm of slip occurred from mid‐May to mid‐July 2023, with moment release corresponding to a Mw 4.5 earthquake
The kinematics of the 2023 event are remarkably similar to several previous SSEs, suggesting a characteristic rupture process
PID techniques: Alternatives to RICH methods Va’vra, J.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2017, Letnik:
876, Številka:
C
Journal Article
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In this review article we discuss new updates on PID techniques, other than the Cherenkov method. In particular, we discuss recent efforts to develop high resolution timing, placing an emphasis on ...small scale test results.
A shift from flood protection to flood risk management is occurring in many Western countries, but less is known about the social perception of floods and flood management changes in Central and ...Eastern Europe. The objective of this paper is to study the social perception of selected water‐related issues and to find possible compatibilities with existing flood management. A sociological survey was conducted within a local population living in flood plains in South Bohemia (N = 89). The results are discussed in relation to changes in Czech flood management governmental policies over the last 15 years. We conclude that the local population accepts floods as regular events, expects their increased frequency and prefers natural measures of flood mitigation. Czech flood management governmental policies are moving from flood defence and hard structural measures (e.g. dams) to flood risk management and more natural solutions (polders, free spill, etc.). However, there is still a strong legacy of a top‐down approach in governmental policies that hinders full incorporation of local perceptions into flood management.
The paper introduces a novel memristive two-port element for an efficient construction of Radio Frequency (RF) single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switches, the so-called Two-Port Memistor (TPM). In ...comparison with the classical Widrow memistor whose resistance depends on the charge passing through the auxiliary terminal, the resistance of the TPM is governed by the controlling signal applied to the programming gate. It is demonstrated that the SPDT switch can be constructed via two TPMs such that the RF chokes providing DC references and capacitors for AC couplings are no longer necessary. Since the TPM-based switches provide elegant and much simpler circuit solutions than the currently developed memristive switches, this paper could stimulate the research towards manufacturing the TPM as a solid-state device.
Detector examples discussed: MRPCs, MCP-PMTs, Diamond detectors, SiPMTs, Low and high gain Avalanche diodes (LGADs) and Micromegas. We specifically discuss issues such as single pixel vs. multi-pixel ...tests, small test vs. large physics system results and hidden problems people usually do not want to talk about.
There is considerable interest to develop new time-of-flight detectors using micro-channel-plate photomultiplier tubes (MCP-PMTs). The question we pose in this paper is whether available waveform ...digitizer ASICs, such as the WaveCatcher or TARGET, operating with a sampling rate of 2–3
GSa/s, can compete with 1
GHz BW CFD/TDC/ADC electronics. We have performed a series of measurements with these waveform digitizers connected to MCP-PMTs operating at low gain and with a signal equivalent to ∼40 photoelectrons. These tests were performed using a laser diode to illuminate the photodetectors under conditions comparable to those used in previous SLAC and Fermilab beam tests. Our measurement results indicate that one can achieve similar timing resolution with both methods. Although commercial CFD-based electronics are readily available and perform very well, they are impractical for large scale systems. In contrast, ASIC-based waveform recording electronics are well-suited to such applications, and do not require analog delay lines that otherwise make CFDs difficult to incorporate in ASIC designs.
DIRC: Internally reflecting imaging Cherenkov detectors Ratcliff, B.; Va’vra, J.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2020, Letnik:
970, Številka:
C
Journal Article
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In this article we review a distinctive type of Cherenkov ring imaging device generically called a DIRC detector. DIRC is an acronym for “Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov (Light)”. We ...briefly discuss how these devices were first motivated and conceived, describe their basic operating principles, their early prototypes, and fabrication R&D. We then describe the BaBar DIRC at SLAC, as the first full scale implementation of this detector type for a major physics experiment. Further R&D at SLAC that was motivated to enable operations at the very high rates of SuperB factories led to the Focusing DIRC concept and prototype that will next be described. We then review a wide range of further developments now underway using variants on the DIRC theme, including the TOP counter at Belle-II; a number of FDIRC designs for GLUEX, PANDA barrel and endcap; and the LHCb TORCH.
In this paper we investigate di-atomic molecules embedded in ice crystals under strain. In this environment coherent vibrations of many OH-bonds may be generated by one WIMP collision. The detection ...of such multiple-photon signals may provide a signature of a 100 GeV/c2 WIMP. To do a proper lab test of “WIMP-induced” multi-photon emission is very difficult. We suggest that Ice Cube make a search for multi-photon events, and investigate whether the rate of such events exhibits yearly modulation.
We believe that the Dark Matter (DM) search should be expanded into the domain of detectors sensitive to molecular excitations, and so that we should create detectors which are more sensitive to ...collisions with very light WIMPs. In this paper we investigate in detail diatomic molecules, such as fused silica material with large OH-molecule content, and water molecules. Presently, we do not have suitable low-cost IR detectors to observe single photons, however some OH-molecular excitations extend to visible and UV wavelengths and can be measured by bialkali photocathodes. There are many other chemical substances with diatomic molecules, or more complex oil molecules, which could be also investigated. This idea invites searches in experiments having large target volumes of such materials coupled to a large array of single-photon detectors with bialkali or infrared-sensitive photocathodes.
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