Whether the solutions are stricter regulation over advertising and promotion, banning sports sponsorships, setting minimum pricing, restricting access, introducing mandatory safety labeling, or ...holding the industry to account for the harms associated with their products, there is a need now to target more attention to and research on the alcohol industry that can support and fuel legislative, regulatory, and community action to protect the public health.
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Patients who show the “strategy application disorder” can show deficits restricted to situations requiring multitasking, but the precise neuroanatomical and cognitive correlates of this problem have ...been rarely investigated. In this study, 60 people with circumscribed cerebral lesions and 60 age- and IQ-matched controls were given a multitasking procedure which allowed consideration of the relative contributions of task learning and remembering, planning, plan-following and remembering one’s actions to multitasking performance. Lesions to the left posterior cingulate and forceps major regions gave deficits on all measures except planning. Remembering task contingencies after a delay was also affected by lesions in the region of the left anterior cingulate, and rule-breaking and failures of task switching were additionally found in people with lesions affecting the medial and more polar aspects of Brodmann’s areas 8, 9 and especially 10. Planning deficits were associated with lesions to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (RDLPFC). A theory of the relationships between the cognitive constructs underpinning multitasking was tested using structural equation modelling. The results suggest that there are three primary constructs that support multitasking: retrospective memory, prospective memory, and planning, with the second two drawing upon the products of the first. It is tentatively suggested that the left anterior and posterior cingulates together play some part in the retrospective memory demands, while the prospective memory and planning components make demands on processes supported by the left areas 8, 9 and 10 and the RDLPFC respectively.
The
PLoS Medicine
editors discuss the persistent problem of tuberculosis in prisons around the world and how it affects the health of inmates and the community outside.
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The
PLOS Medicine
editors discuss the recent initiative from the European Medicines Agency to commit to releasing clinical-trial data and how important such moves are for rebuilding trust between the ...pharmaceutical companies and society.
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The importance of a strategic, evidence-informed approach, particularly for low- and middle-income countries, is highlighted in a statement made at the 2008 Global Ministerial Forum on Research for ...Health, in Bamako, Mali, that "Countries don't need a national airline, but they do need a national health research strategy" 2. While the 2012 World Health Report will not appear as previously envisioned, the WHO/PLOS Collection on "No Health Without Research," now closed to new submissions, remains an important resource for investigators, policy makers, and other readers, reflecting the original intentions of both WHO and PLOS.
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...debates continue about the best ways to meaningfully synthesize and interpret data on the possible harmful effects of drugs--for example, how passive surveillance systems (spontaneous reports of ...suspected adverse reactions) should be improved, whether new drugs should go through a phased launch process with enhanced safety evaluations, and whether risk mitigation strategies are appropriate for drugs with safety concerns. In another study published this week in PLoS Medicine 5, Patricia McGettigan and David Henry report their re-evaluation of one specific and much-studied harmful effect--that of cardiovascular risk associated with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
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...the argument about how to implement such access, particularly in the developing world, is far from over. ...do we understand the reputation metrics outside of Europe or the US that will ensure ...that the new OA journals are trusted and meet the requirements authors face for academic promotions or other professional needs 6?
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