Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of fucoxanthin and total pigment content was performed from brown, red and green macroalgal species (
Fucus virsoides
,
Amphiroa rigida
and
Codium bursa
) from ...the Adriatic Sea under different experimental conditions of time (15, 30 and 45 min), temperature (30, 50 and 70 °C) and solvent:solid ratio (10, 20 and 30 mL g
−1
). UAE was evaluated to determine the conditions influence on fucoxanthin yield (dominant pigment). The results showed that brown macroalga
F. virsoides
contained the highest fucoxanthin content (1.19–1.90 mg g
−1
dry extract), followed by red macroalga
A. rigida
(0.29–0.90 mg g
−1
dry extract) and green macroalga
C. bursa
(0.07–0.43 mg g
−1
dry extract). Additionally, total concentrations of pigments (chlorophyll
a
, chlorophyll
b
and carotenoids) were determined by spectrophotometric analysis. Significant dependence on the applied extraction conditions for fucoxanthin and total pigments yields was revealed by the analysis of variance for the response surface models. Accordingly, the results showed differences for each macroalgal species in terms of the optimal UAE parameters. It can be concluded that UAE is successful method for the extraction of fucoxanthin from different macroalgal species, but the extraction optimization is crucial.
Graphical abstract
With globalization, growing popularization and changes in dietary habits where more processed food is consumed, a generation of food wastes and by-products has increased. Under-exploitation of ...by-products and waste leads to finance losses and environmental pollution although most of the waste are a rich source of bioactive compounds. Using spray drying process, extracted bioactive compounds from food wastes and by-products can be transferred into powder form, and returned to the food chain. Spray drying technique showed to be the most convenient, energy efficient and time-saving process, where a liquid is directly transformed into stable powder, which can be stored for a prolonged time or easily incorporated into other products. This review article focuses on the application of processing parameters of spray drying with specific emphasis on the production of dry extracts of food waste and their influence on powder properties. Research gaps and challenges along with possible applications are also discussed.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Blackberry wine is a natural source of bioactive phenolic compounds that have profound antioxidant potential. The objectives of the present research were to assess the phenolic compounds and ...antioxidant activity of blackberry wines (BW), and to use the chemometric analysis to differentiate among the two groups of samples, i.e., conventional and organic. Fifteen BW samples were analyzed for their total polyphenol index, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total tannins, total monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity by the appropriate spectrophotometric methods. The concentrations of individual phenolic acids (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid) and trans-resveratrol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. A comparison between the two groups of investigated BW samples revealed a statistically significant difference in the concentration of caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid, both being higher in the organic BW samples. Furthermore, the results showed a series of statistically highly significant relationships between the analyzed constituents (caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid). The antioxidant activity of the investigated wines was proportional to the concentrations of bioactive phytochemicals.
Grape seeds are a waste by-product obtained after wine or juice making and present a good source of functional compounds, such as polyphenols. Extraction is a very important step for later use of ...phenolic components. The effect of different temperatures and solid–liquid ratios on the solid–liquid extraction yield of total polyphenols and the effect of four classes of particle size on the extraction kinetics of total polyphenols with 50% of aqueous ethanol were studied. Temperature, solid–liquid ratio and milling degree had positive influence on extraction rate and extent of extraction. The 1.47–6.68% of total polyphenols per dry matter of grape seeds was extracted during 200
min. Extraction kinetics was estimated using non-experimental two-parameter equation – modified Peleg’s model. Results showed a good prediction of Peleg’s model for extraction kinetics in all experiments (
ρ
>
0.994), which gave the possibility for estimation of initial rate and extent of solid–liquid extraction.
In this study, commercially available traditional blackberry products, namely blackberry wines and blackberry elixirs from Coastal Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, were investigated as sources of ...bioactive compounds, essential nutrients and metals. Samples were analysed for pH, total polyphenols and monomeric anthocyanins content, individual phenolic acids (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid), antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (RPA), total nitrogen and phosphorus as well as metals (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Cd). The results of this study showed that the studied traditional blackberry products are rich sources of polyphenols and their consumption could increase the daily intake of dietary antioxidants in humans. In addition, both groups of traditional blackberry products could be considered safe for health and good additional sources of essential minerals such as manganese and potassium. The concentrations of the analysed undesirable toxic and potentially toxic metals in the studied blackberry products were below the maximum allowable concentrations defined by various regulations for wines and fruit wines.
Background and Purpose: Wood and wood processing industries are generators of a substantial amount of waste wood biomass, such as wood chips, shavings and sawdust. Such waste is often unused and its ...disposal can be a serious environmental problem. Different lignocellulosic waste materials have been successfully used as low-cost adsorbents (biosorbents) for the removal of synthetic dyes, as well as other contaminants, from wastewater. The aim of this study was to valorise the waste wood biomass of ten tree species, out of which seven are the most represented species of the Croatian growing stock, as biosorbents for the removal of synthetic dye methylene blue (MB) from model solutions.
Materials and Methods: The waste wood biomasses (shavings or sawdust) of ten tree species, namely common beech, pedunculate oak, sessile oak, common hornbeam, narrow-leafed ash, poplar, European silver fir, Norway spruce, European larch and Douglas fir, were dried and milled prior to characterisation and adsorption experiments. Characterisation of the biosorbents was performed by chemical analysis and Fourier transform Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Upon characterisation, batch adsorption experiments were conducted in order to survey waste wood biomass as potential adsorbents for the removal of synthetic dye MB. The colour removal was monitored spectrophotometrically at predetermined time intervals. Further adsorption experiments were performed using poplar sawdust. The effects of contact time, biosorbent concentration, initial dye concentration, and pH on the adsorption process were investigated. The experimental data obtained by batch adsorption experiments were analysed using adsorption isotherm models (Freundlich and Langmuir).
Results: All the tested biosorbents were found to be very effective for the removal of MB from model dye solution, achieving high removal percentages ranging from 93.25 to 98.50%. Poplar sawdust proved to be the most effective. It was shown that MB adsorption process onto poplar sawdust could be interpreted in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models.
Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that waste wood biomass has the potential to be used as a low-cost biosorbent for MB removal from aqueous solutions.
► Supercritical CO2 extraction of soybean oil was performed. ► Extraction yields were significantly affected by applied operational parameters. ► Applied Sovová’s model presented a good adjustment ...for all extraction curves. ► The internal and external mass transfer coefficients were estimated. ► The extraction was successfully scaled-up from laboratory to pilot plant.
A series of operational parameters of supercritical fluid extraction of soybean oil (pressure: 300–500bar, temperature: 40–60°C, CO2 mass flow rate: 0.194–0.436kg/h and characteristic particle size: 0.238–1.059mm) were investigated in a laboratory scale apparatus. The results show that the extraction yields were significantly affected by applied operational extraction parameters. The increase in pressure, temperature and solvent flow rate improved the extraction yield. The extraction yield increased as the particle size decreased depending on decreasing intra-particle diffusion resistance. To describe the extraction process Sovova's model was used and very good agreement with the experimental results was obtained. Based on the experimental data the internal and external mass transfer coefficients were estimated. To explore the influence of the extractor size on this process, soybean samples were extracted using different extraction basket volumes (0.2L and 5L) and related model parameters were examined. The mass transfer coefficient in the fluid phase increased with the increase in extractor size, while the mass transfer coefficient in the solid phase was independent of the extractor size.
This study brings out the data on the content of 21 mineral and heavy metal in 15 blackberry wines made of conventionally and organically grown blackberries. The objective of this study was to ...classify the blackberry wine samples based on their mineral composition and the applied cultivation method of the starting raw material by using chemometric analysis. The metal content of Croatian blackberry wine samples was determined by AAS after dry ashing. The comparison between an organic and conventional group of investigated blackberry wines showed statistically significant difference in concentrations of Si and Li, where the organic group contained higher concentrations of these compounds. According to multivariate data analysis, the model based on the original metal content data set finally included seven original variables (K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ba, Cd and Cr) and gave a satisfactory separation of two applied cultivation methods of the starting raw material.
Wild apricot vermouths (WAV) of different sugar levels (8, 10 and 12 °Brix), different alcohol levels (15, 17 and 19%) and spice levels (2.5 and 5%) were prepared. The product was matured for six ...months and evaluated for physico- chemical characteristics at 0, 3 and 6 months of maturation. In general, ethyl alcohol content decreased in wild apricot vermouth of all treatments during maturation for six months, in proportion to their initial values. The decrease in TSS was revealed with the advancement of the storage period of six months. A similar trend was observed for total sugars with the advancement of the ageing period. The amount of reducing sugars, however, increased with the prolongation of the maturation period. The total esters content in WAV increased with the advancement of the ageing period, irrespective of their alcohol content. However, the volatile acidity showed a very little increase during ageing but remained non-significant among the different treatments. Total phenols content in WAV decreased by both the ageing period of six months and an increase in alcohol level. A non-significant increase in the titratable acidity with an ageing period was observed in all the WAV having different alcohol levels. The effect of spice extract levels added in the preparation of WAV showed that with the advancement of storage period total esters increased from 246.8 to 272.8 mg/L and 252.8 to 280.6 mg/L for WAV having 2.5 and 5% spices content, respectively. In brief, an overview of the entire results revealed that there was an interactive effect of alcohol level, the sugar level and the spice extract during maturation of wild apricot vermouth. It can be concluded that the maturation of WAV exerted a favourable effect on physico-chemical properties of wild apricot vermouth and is thus, considered desirable.
Blackberry wine, the most widespread Croatian fruit wine, is produced by yeast fermentation of raw blackberry juice or must. Even though the production and intake of blackberry wine in Croatia has ...been increasing for years, the available data on the overall quality and blackberry wine composition is still scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quercetin content, colour and selected physico-chemical quality parameters of 15 Croatian blackberry wine samples, divided into two groups denominated as CWB and OWB regarding the blackberries’ cultivation type (conventional and organic). The quercetin content ranged from 0.81 to 21.67 mg/L (average: 6.16 mg/L, median 3.96 mg/L) and was consistent with some published studies. Compared to CBW group, quercetin content of OBW samples seemed to be more balanced and slightly higher (OBW median: 3.99 mg/L, CWB median: 1.80 mg/L). The presence of cyanidin and pelargonidin (as aglycons) was detected in very low concentrations in four and seven samples, respectively. Determination of the colour revealed that the most important component contributing to colour intensity was yellow (51 %), followed by red (40 %). The chemical quality parameters were in accordance with the available published results on blackberry and grape wines and were as follows: relative density 1.0017–1.0660 g/mL, concentration of reducing sugars 13.5–177.6 g/L, alcoholic strength 9.37–14.78% vol, pH 3.11–3.56, total acidity 6.7–18.1 g/L, ash 1.59–4.11 g/L, alkalinity of ash 1.54–3.79 g/L, total nitrogen 65.50–361.15 mg/L, and total phosphorus 32.03–118.53 mg/L. No significant overall differences were noticed between the conventional and organic group of samples.
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