Recent developments in techniques for modeling, digitizing and visualizing 3D shapes has led to an explosion in the number of available 3D models on the Internet and in domain-specific databases. ...This has led to the development of 3D shape retrieval systems that, given a query object, retrieve similar 3D objects. For visualization, 3D shapes are often represented as a surface, in particular polygonal meshes, for example in VRML format. Often these models contain holes, intersecting polygons, are not manifold, and do not enclose a volume unambiguously. On the contrary, 3D volume models, such as solid models produced by CAD systems, or voxels models, enclose a volume properly. This paper surveys the literature on methods for content based 3D retrieval, taking into account the applicability to surface models as well as to volume models. The methods are evaluated with respect to several requirements of content based 3D shape retrieval, such as: (1) shape representation requirements, (2) properties of dissimilarity measures, (3) efficiency, (4) discrimination abilities, (5) ability to perform partial matching, (6) robustness, and (7) necessity of pose normalization. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the several approaches in content based 3D shape retrieval are discussed.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE—FXI (factor XI) is involved in thrombus propagation and stabilization. It is unknown whether lower FXI levels have a protective effect on risk of ischemic stroke (IS) or ...myocardial infarction. This study investigated the effect of genetically determined FXI levels on risk of IS, myocardial infarction, and intracerebral hemorrhage.
METHODS—Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed. Instruments and genetic association estimates for FXI levels were obtained from a genome-wide association study of 16 169 individuals. Genetic association estimates for IS and its etiological subtypes were obtained from a study of 16 851 cases and 32 473 controls. For myocardial infarction, estimates were obtained from a study of 43 676 cases and 123 504 controls and for intracerebral hemorrhage from a study of 1545 cases and 1481 controls.
RESULTS—After applying a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, the Mendelian randomization analysis supported a causal effect of higher, genetically determined FXI levels on risk of any IS (odds ratio OR per 1-unit increase in natural logarithm-transformed FXI levels, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.68–3.84; P=1×10) but not myocardial infarction (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.76–1.34; P=0.94) or intracerebral hemorrhage (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.44–7.38; P=0.41). Examining IS subtypes, the main results supported an effect of higher, genetically determined FXI levels on risk of cardioembolism (OR, 4.23; 95% CI, 1.94–9.19; P=3×10) and IS of undetermined cause (OR, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.79–6.60; P=2×10) but not large artery atherosclerosis (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.15–6.45; P=0.02) or small artery occlusion (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.50–2.82; P=0.69). However, the statistically significant result for IS of undetermined cause was not replicated in all sensitivity analyses.
CONCLUSIONS—We find Mendelian randomization evidence supporting FXI as a possible target to reduce risk of the cardioembolic subtype of IS.
The "mouthfeel" of food products is a key factor in our perception of food quality and in our appreciation of food products. Extensive research has been performed on what determines mouthfeel, and ...how it can be linked to laboratory measurements and eventually predicted. This was mainly done on the basis of simple models that do not accurately take the rheology of the food products into account. Here, we show that the subjectively perceived "thickness" of liquid foods, or the force needed to make the sample flow or deform in the mouth, can be directly related to their non-Newtonian rheology. Measuring the shear-thinning rheology and modeling the squeeze flow between the tongue and the palate in the oral cavity allows to predict how a panel perceives soup "thickness". This is done for various liquid bouillons with viscosities ranging from that of water to low-viscous soups and for high-viscous xanthan gum solutions. Our findings show that our tongues, just like our eyes and ears, are logarithmic measuring instruments in agreement with the Weber-Fechner law that predicts a logarithmic relation between stimulus amplitude and perceived strength. Our results pave the way for more accurate prediction of mouthfeel characteristics of liquid food products.
During the high velocity impact of an object on a solid covered with a thin fluid layer, a lubricated contact exists within the short time in which the liquid is squeezed out from the contact. This ...is important for e.g. the grip of shoes on wet surfaces. We experimentally study the squeeze flow of such layers and find that the amount of viscous dissipation determines how much fluid remains in the contact after the kinetic energy of the impacting object is absorbed. For impacts with sufficient amount of kinetic energy, it is possible to completely drain a Newtonian or shear thinning fluid from the contact on a short time scale. Viscoelastic liquids, however, cannot be drained by increasing impact velocity, because of the fluids’ elastic tendency to retract back into the contact after rapid squeezing. This explains why the presence of polymeric fluids can lead to extreme slipperiness of surfaces. Furthermore, we show that all our experimental results agree with the predictions given by hydrodynamic theory applied to the fluid flow in the gap.
Cryo-electron tomography provides 3D images of macromolecules in their cellular context. To detect macromolecules in tomograms, template matching (TM) is often used, which uses 3D models that are ...often reliable for substantial parts of the macromolecules. However, the extent of rotational searches in particle detection has not been investigated due to computational limitations. Here, we provide a GPU implementation of TM as part of the PyTOM software package, which drastically speeds up the orientational search and allows for sampling beyond the Crowther criterion within a feasible timeframe. We quantify the improvements in sensitivity and false-discovery rate for the examples of ribosome identification and detection. Sampling at the Crowther criterion, which was effectively impossible with CPU implementations due to the extensive computation times, allows for automated extraction with high sensitivity. Consequently, we also show that an extensive angular sample renders 3D TM sensitive to the local alignment of tilt series and damage induced by focused ion beam milling. With this new release of PyTOM, we focused on integration with other software packages that support more refined subtomogram-averaging workflows. The automated classification of ribosomes by TM with appropriate angular sampling on locally corrected tomograms has a sufficiently low false-discovery rate, allowing for it to be directly used for high-resolution averaging and adequate sensitivity to reveal polysome organization.
3D Face Modeling, Analysis and Recognition presents methodologies for analyzing shapes of facial surfaces, develops computational tools for analyzing 3D face data, and illustrates them using ...state-of-the-art applications. The methodologies chosen are based on efficient representations, metrics, comparisons, and classifications of features that are especially relevant in the context of 3D measurements of human faces. These frameworks have a long-term utility in face analysis, taking into account the anticipated improvements in data collection, data storage, processing speeds, and application scenarios expected as the discipline develops further. The book covers face acquisition through 3D scanners and 3D face pre- processing, before examining the three main approaches for 3D facial surface analysis and recognition: facial curves; facial surface features; and 3D morphable models. Whilst the focus of these chapters is fundamentals and methodologies, the algorithms provided are tested on facial biometric data, thereby continually showing how the methods can be applied. Key features: • Explores the underlying mathematics and will apply these mathematical techniques to 3D face analysis and recognition • Provides coverage of a wide range of applications including biometrics, forensic applications, facial expression analysis, and model fitting to 2D images • Contains numerous exercises and algorithms throughout the book
ABSTRACT
Background
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an increasingly important patient-reported outcome in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This study explored relationships between ...symptom prevalence and burden with HRQOL, and age and gender differences in symptom experience.
Methods
Eligible Dutch KTRs transplanted in Leiden University Medical Center were invited for this cross-sectional study. HRQOL, and occurrence and burden of 62 symptoms were measured using validated questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used for investigating the associations of symptom experience with mental and physical HRQOL, and differences in symptom experience between genders and KTRs of diverse age groups.
Results
A total of 631 KTRs were analyzed; the mean (standard deviation) age was 61.3 (11.3) years, and 62% were male. The median (interquartile range) number of symptoms was 14 (7–22), with a burden of 20 (8–37; range 0–244). Per extra symptom, physical and mental HRQOL decreased –0.41 (–0.50; –0.31) and –0.51 (–0.59; –0.42), respectively, P < .001. Most occurring symptoms were bruises, tiredness, lack of energy, urge to urinate at night and dry skin. Sexual problems were considered most burdensome. Female KTRs reported more symptoms than men. Amongst others, younger KTRs experienced more (18–50 > 50–65 ≥65 years) feelings of depression and both female and younger KTRs reported higher symptom prevalence concerning changes in physical appearance.
Conclusion
KRTs’ symptom experience differed depending on gender and age, highlighting the need to develop tailored treatment strategies to reduce symptom experience and subsequently improve HRQOL.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
In a randomized trial involving patients who had a first stroke from an embolus of unknown source, rivaroxaban at a daily dose of 15 mg did not result in a lower incidence of recurrent stroke than ...aspirin at a dose of 100 mg. Bleeding rates were higher with rivaroxaban.
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly severe type of stroke for which no specific treatment has been established yet. Although preclinical models of ICH have substantial ...methodological limitations, important insight into the pathophysiology has been gained. Mounting evidence suggests an important contribution of inflammatory mechanisms to brain damage and potential repair. Neuroinflammation evoked by intracerebral blood involves the activation of resident microglia, the infiltration of systemic immune cells and the production of cytokines, chemokines, extracellular proteases and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies focused on innate immunity including microglia, monocytes and granulocytes. More recently, the role of adaptive immune cells has received increasing attention. Little is currently known about the interactions among different immune cell populations in the setting of ICH. Nevertheless, immunomodulatory strategies are already being explored in ICH. To improve the chances of translation from preclinical models to patients, a better characterization of the neuroinflammation in patients is desirable.
Involvement of metals or silica in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis has been suggested by several case reports and specific epidemiological studies. However, the combination of occupational exposure ...and an immunological reaction has not been studied before in a group of sarcoidosis patients and non-sarcoidosis controls.
In 256 sarcoidosis patients and 73 control patients with obstructive sleep apnea, exposure to metal and silica was assessed using a questionnaire consisting of a complete occupational history subsequently linked to job-exposure matrices. Next, immunoreactivity to aluminium, beryllium, zirconium and silica was determined in 33 sarcoidosis and 19 control patients using a lymphocyte proliferation test.
In sarcoidosis, 83 out 256 patients (32.4%) had occupational exposure to metals or silica, compared to 24.7% in the control group (p = 0.21). A significantly higher percentage of the sarcoidosis patients tested showed immunoreactivity to metals or silica compared to the control group (21.2 and 0% respectively, p = 0.039).
Immunoreactivity to silica and metals was only found in sarcoidosis patients, supporting the hypothesis that these antigens may be involved in the pathogenesis of a distinct subgroup of sarcoidosis patients. This indicates that when searching for causative agents in sarcoidosis patients, besides beryllium, also zirconium, aluminium and silica deserve clinical investigation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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