•miRNAs in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) may serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) early diagnosis.•Oncogenic miRNAs may be detected in EBC of lung cancer ...patients.•Seeking a large-scale multi-centric study to increase the feasibility to introduce biomarkers for further clinical application.
Quantitation of microRNAs secreted by lung cells can provide valuable information regarding lung health. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) offers a non-invasive way to sample the secreted microRNAs, and could be used as diagnostic tools for lung cancer.
EBC samples from twenty treatment-naïve patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer and twenty healthy subjects were profiled for miRNAs expression. Selected microRNAs were further validated, using quantitative-PCR, in an independent set of 10 subjects from both groups.
A total of 78 miRNAs were found to be significantly upregulated in the EBC of lung cancer patients compared to the control group. Six of these 78 miRNAs were shortlisted for validation. Of these, miR-31–3p, let7i, and miR-449c were significantly upregulated, exhibited good discriminatory power.
Differential expression of miRNAs secreted by lung cells could be quantitated in EBC samples, and could be used as a potential non-invasive tool for early diagnosis of lung cancer.
Lung cancer is one of the common cancers globally with high mortality and poor prognosis. Most cases of lung cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to limited diagnostic resources. Screening ...modalities, such as sputum cytology and annual chest radiographs, have not proved sensitive enough to impact mortality. In recent years, annual low-dose computed tomography has emerged as a potential screening tool for early lung cancer detection, but it may not be a feasible option for developing countries. In this context, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis has been evaluated recently as a noninvasive tool for lung cancer diagnosis. The breath biomarkers also have the advantage of differentiating various types and stages of lung cancer. Recent studies have focused more on microRNAs (miRNAs) as they play a key role in tumourigenesis by regulating the cell cycle, metastasis and angiogenesis. In this review, we have consolidated the current published literature suggesting the utility of miRNAs in EBC for the detection of lung cancer.
Lung cancer is one of the common malignancies with high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. Most lung cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage either due to limited resources of ...infrastructure, trained human resources, or delay in clinical suspicion. Low-dose computed tomography has emerged as a screening tool for lung cancer detection but this may not be a feasible option for most developing countries. Electronic nose is a unique non-invasive device that has been developed for lung cancer diagnosis and monitoring response by exhaled breath analysis of volatile organic compounds. The breath-print have been shown to differ not only among lung cancer and other respiratory diseases, but also between various types of lung cancer. Hence, we postulate that the breath-print analysis by electronic nose could be a potential biomarker for the early detection of lung cancer along with monitoring treatment response in a resource-limited setting. In this review, we have consolidated the current published literature suggesting the use of an electronic nose in the diagnosis and monitoring treatment response of lung cancer.
In this article, we propose a computational heat conduction model to estimate the thermal conductivity of composites with high volume fraction of filler particles distributed randomly in the base ...matrix. Most of the presently available models used for estimating the thermal conductivity of the composite materials fail after a certain volume fraction of the filler due to the effect of percolation i.e. the formation of ‘heat transfer paths’ formed by the filler particles within the composite. The proposed model accounts for this percolation effect and estimates the thermal conductivity of a composite material with Aluminium as the filler in the Epoxy matrix. The algorithm for the proposed model is developed using MATLAB program and is used to obtain the thermal conductivity of the composite by entering the specifications of the parent components of the composite. The proposed model is able to predict the thermal conductivity of composites of high volume fraction of filler over the temperature range of 50 K–300 K and the results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data.
•Percolation theory based analytical heat conduction model has been developed.•Model is applicable to predict the thermal conductivity of binary composites with high volume fraction (>30%) of fillers.•The model predicts the thermal conductivity values at all temperatures from 50 K to 300 K.•The thermal conductivity values predicted by the model matches well with our experimental results and published data.
The electromagnetic spectrum is one of nature’s meagre resources. The requirements of wireless communication cannot be satisfied by the new spectrum allocation plan. A policy of self-driven spectrum ...allocation results as a result. Cognitive radio (CR) engineering is a brilliant technique to maximise spectrum utilisation in rapidly changing environments by identifying unusable and underutilised bandwidth. One of the information strategies of intellectual radio is range detecting, which uses self-persuaded range allocation techniques to use open range to determine the existence of critical clients in the approved recurrence band. Energy location and cyclostationary highlight recognition are the two main factors that determine range detection. Energy recognition is a key method of range detection, but it becomes discouraging at low signal to noise ratios. With a cost of the highest degree of execution complexity, the critical cyclostationary highlight recognition based on cyclic range assessment may successfully identify weak signs from crucial clients. This project is aimed at implementing a useful range detecting mechanism in a field programmable door show with meticulous precision for CR. The adaptive absolute-self-coherent-restoral algorithm, specifically using the truncation multiplier, is a new spectrum sensing system. The proposed architecture, which makes use of a truncation multiplier, was created using the Xilinx approach. This study suggests an efficient spectrum sensing technique that makes use of the Adaptive Absolute Score (AAS) algorithm and SQRT-based Carry Select Adder (CSLA). The TM-CSLA design includes 228 LUT for the Spartan 6 device, which is fewer than the other architectures.
Background: Replacement of missing teeth with dental implants represents one of the most successful treatment modalities in modern dentistry. Patients desire for a shorter treatment time has made ...clinicians to attempt loading implants early or immediately after placement. The primary stability is determined by density and mechanical properties of the bone, the implant design, edentulous site complications, and the surgical technique.Various researchers have tried to achieve faster osseointegration static magnetic field is one of them. So the aim of this study was to investigate whether Static magnetic field created by using safer magnets was useful to promote osseointegration.
Materials and Methods: Subjects were selected according to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria in two groups (20 in each group). Conventional implant placement protocol was used and implant placement was performed and grafting was done. Magnetic healing cap was used in group I and conventional healing cap in group II. Implant stability assessment using radio frequency analyser was assessed at 2, 3 and 4 months on interval.
Result: Mann-Whitney U test revealed that there was significant difference was observed between the groups I and II at 2, 3 and 4 months of interval (P < 0.001). Static magnetic field improve osseointegration in group I as compared to group II.
Conclusion: The present double-blinded RCT showed significantly improved implant stability and osseointegration in implants which were stimulated by static magnetic field by using magnetic healing cap as compared to implants with conventional healing cap.
The presence of common cause shock failures (CCSF) as well as human errors in the reliability analysis of a system is discussed. The model considers three component identical system which is affected ...by common cause shock failures and human errors in addition to individual failures. The emphasis is on the Markovian approach in order to derive the reliability measures like Reliability function R(t) and Mean time between failure E(T) . Also these measures are compared in the presence of CCS failures as well as human errors with that of the situation when CCS failures are affecting the system. The numerical illustration is also discussed.
