RESUMO: Introdução: As leishmanioses representam uma importante carga de doença nos países tropicais, apresentando índices significativos de morbimortalidade nos locais onde ocorrem, incluindo o ...Brasil. Nesse contexto, a participação popular nas ações profiláticas pode ser determinante para o êxito das estratégias de controle. Objetivo: Por isso, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de investigar o conhecimento da população sobre as leishmanioses e a ocorrência de fatores de risco peridomiciliares associados à população no município de Formiga, Minas Gerais. Métodos: Foi realizado um inquérito domiciliar com uma amostra de 427 indivíduos entre maio e julho de 2011. Resultados: Apenas 7,5% dos moradores mostraram conhecimento sobre as leishmanioses, sendo principalmente as mulheres (OR = 3,15; IC95% 1,30 - 7,65). A prevalência de riscos peridomiciliares foi de 95%. Associação estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada entre maior escolaridade e menos fatores de risco peridomiciliares (OR = 0,45; IC95% 0,28 - 0,72) e entre o local de residência e maior número desses fatores de risco (OR = 1,84; IC95% 1,19 - 2,85). Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram que há baixo nível de conhecimento sobre as leishmanioses por parte da população. Além disso, a maioria dos respondentes está sujeita a algum fator de risco peridomiciliar, fato que pode contribuir para a manutenção do ciclo da doença no município.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Leishmaniasis represents an important burden of diseases in tropical countries, with significant levels of morbidity and mortality where they occur, including in Brazil. In this context, popular participation in prophylactic actions can be decisive for the success of the control strategies. Objective: For this reason, this study aimed at investigating the population's knowledge concerning leishmaniasis and the occurrence of peridomiciliary risk factors associated with the population of Formiga, Minas Gerais. Methods: A household questionnaire with a sample of 427 individuals was conducted between May and July 2011. Results: Only 7.5% of the residents presented knowledge regarding leishmaniasis, most of them being women (OR = 3.15; 95%CI 1.30 - 7.65). The prevalence of peridomiciliary risks was 95%. A statistically significant association was found between higher education levels and less peridomiciliary risk factors (OR = 0.45; 95%CI 0.28 - 0.72) and between the place of residence and a higher number of risk factors (OR = 0.84; 95%CI 1.19 - 2.85). Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the population has low levels of knowledge about leishmaniasis. Moreover, the majority of respondents are subject to some peridomiciliary risk factor, which may contribute to the maintenance of the disease cycle in the city.
Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a type 1 transmembrane, homotypic cell adhesion protein expressed on epithelial and hematopoietic cells. CEACAM1 has four major isoforms ...with three or four immunoglobulin (Ig)-like ectodomains and either long or short cytoplasmic domains. In a 3D model of breast epithelial cell morphogenesis, CEACAM1 plays an essential role in lumen formation J. Cell Sci. 112 (1999) 4193. Two soluble ectodomain isoforms of CEACAM1 expressed in myeloma cells were immunologically active and highly glycosylated. The molecular weights of the 3-ecto- and 4-ectodomain isoforms were 90 and 110
kDa, respectively, and monomers by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation. Both isoforms were prolate ellipsoids with axial ratios of 6 for the 3-ecto- and 8 for 4-ectodomain isoforms, respectively, by size exclusion chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation. Both isoforms caused a significant reduction in lumen formation when tested in the 3D model culture system.
Objective: To assess the knowledge about leishmaniases among healthcare professionals of an endemic municipality of the state of Minas Gerais-Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with 228 ...professionals (95 zoonosis professionals, 83 community health agents, 18 doctors, 17 nurses, 8 dentists and 7 veterinarians) of the municipality of Divinópolis – Minas Gerais between July and November 2009. It was used a structured questionnaire, previously validated, containing objective questions about the disease. Analyses were performed using the Statistical Analysis System. Results: The professional category that obtained the best mean scoring answers was the veterinarians (8.3), followed by the doctors (8.1), while community health agents had the lowest mean scoring (6.7). The adequate answers with the lowest percentage of correct answers were: preventive measures (42.5%), clinical manifestations (25.9%), popular names (20.6%) and transmission (20.2%). Although zoonosis professionals and health community agents presented the highest percentage of wrong answers, they were the ones – along with veterinarians – who answered most of the questions about preventive measures right. Conclusion: Conceptual gaps were observed among the healthcare professionals participating in this research, reinforcing the need to implement continuing education processes for these professionals, contextualizing the information on leishmaniases according to the reality studied.
Context. Bulge globular clusters (BGCs) are exceptional tracers of the formation and chemodynamical evolution of this oldest Galactic component. However, until now, observational difficulties have ...prevented us from taking full advantage of these powerful Galactic archeological tools. Aims. CAPOS, the bulge Cluster APOgee Survey, addresses this key topic by observing a large number of BGCs, most of which have only been poorly studied previously. Even their most basic parameters, such as metallicity, {\alpha}/Fe, and radial velocity, are generally very uncertain. We aim to obtain accurate mean values for these parameters, as well as abundances for a number of other elements, and explore multiple populations. In this first paper, we describe the CAPOS project and present initial results for seven BGCs. Methods. CAPOS uses the APOGEE-2S spectrograph observing in the H band to penetrate obscuring dust toward the bulge. For this initial paper, we use abundances derived from ASPCAP, the APOGEE pipeline. Results. We derive mean Fe/H values of \(-\)0.85\(\pm\)0.04 (Terzan 2), \(-\)1.40\(\pm\)0.05 (Terzan 4), \(-\)1.20\(\pm\)0.10 (HP 1), \(-\)1.40\(\pm\)0.07 (Terzan 9), \(-\)1.07\(\pm\)0.09 (Djorg 2), \(-\)1.06\(\pm\)0.06 (NGC 6540), and \(-\)1.11\(\pm\)0.04 (NGC 6642) from three to ten stars per cluster. We determine mean abundances for eleven other elements plus the mean \(\alpha\)/Fe and radial velocity. CAPOS clusters significantly increase the sample of well-studied Main Bulge globular clusters (GCs) and also extend them to lower metallicity. We reinforce the finding that Main Bulge and Main Disk GCs, formed in situ, have Si/Fe abundances slightly higher than their accreted counterparts at the same metallicity. We investigate multiple populations and find our clusters generally follow the light-element (anti)correlation trends of previous studies of GCs of similar metallicity. We finally explore the abundances ...
APOGEE-2 is a dual-hemisphere, near-infrared (NIR), spectroscopic survey with the goal of producing a chemo-dynamical mapping of the Milky Way Galaxy. The targeting for APOGEE-2 is complex and has ...evolved with time. In this paper, we present the updates and additions to the initial targeting strategy for APOGEE-2N presented in Zasowski et al. (2017). These modifications come in two implementation modes: (i) "Ancillary Science Programs" competitively awarded to SDSS-IV PIs through proposal calls in 2015 and 2017 for the pursuit of new scientific avenues outside the main survey, and (ii) an effective 1.5-year expansion of the survey, known as the Bright Time Extension, made possible through accrued efficiency gains over the first years of the APOGEE-2N project. For the 23 distinct ancillary programs, we provide descriptions of the scientific aims, target selection, and how to identify these targets within the APOGEE-2 sample. The Bright Time Extension permitted changes to the main survey strategy, the inclusion of new programs in response to scientific discoveries or to exploit major new datasets not available at the outset of the survey design, and expansions of existing programs to enhance their scientific success and reach. After describing the motivations, implementation, and assessment of these programs, we also leave a summary of lessons learned from nearly a decade of APOGEE-1 and APOGEE-2 survey operations. A companion paper, Santana et al. (submitted), provides a complementary presentation of targeting modifications relevant to APOGEE-2 operations in the Southern Hemisphere.
Metallicity gradients provide strong constraints for understanding the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. We report on radial abundance gradients of Fe, Ni, Ca, Si, and Mg obtained from a sample of ...304 red-giant members of 29 disk open clusters, mostly concentrated at galactocentric distances between ~8 - 15 kpc, but including two open clusters in the outer disk. The observations are from the APOGEE survey. The chemical abundances were derived automatically by the ASPCAP pipeline and these are part of the SDSS III Data Release 12. The gradients, obtained from least squares fits to the data, are relatively flat, with slopes ranging from -0.026 to -0.033 dex/kpc for the alpha-elements O/H, Ca/H, Si/H and Mg/H and -0.035 dex/kpc and -0.040 dex/kpc for Fe/H and Ni/H, respectively. Our results are not at odds with the possibility that metallicity (Fe/H) gradients are steeper in the inner disk (R_GC ~7 - 12 kpc) and flatter towards the outer disk. The open cluster sample studied spans a significant range in age. When breaking the sample into age bins, there is some indication that the younger open cluster population in our sample (log age < 8.7) has a flatter metallicity gradient when compared with the gradients obtained from older open clusters.
The Open Cluster Chemical Analysis and Mapping (OCCAM) Survey aims to produce a comprehensive, uniform, infrared-based dataset for hundreds of open clusters, and constrain key Galactic dynamical and ...chemical parameters from this sample. This first contribution from the OCCAM survey presents analysis of 141 members stars in 28 open clusters with high-resolution metallicities derived from a large uniform sample collected as part of the SDSS-III/Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). This sample includes the first high-resolution metallicity measurements for 22 open clusters. With this largest ever uniformly observed sample of open cluster stars we investigate the Galactic disk gradients of both M/H and alpha/M. We find basically no gradient across this range in alpha/M, but M/H does show a gradient for R_{GC} < 10 kpc and a significant flattening beyond R_{GC} = 10 kpc. In particular, whereas fitting a single linear trend yields an M/H gradient of -0.09 +/- 0.03$ dex/kpc --- similar to previously measure gradients inside 13 kpc --- by independently fitting inside and outside 10 kpc separately we find a significantly steeper gradient near the Sun (7.9 <= R_{GC} <= 10) than previously found (-0.20 +/- 0.08 dex/kpc) and a nearly flat trend beyond 10 kpc (-0.02 +/- 0.09 dex/kpc).
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