A NEW CLASS OF 2-HETEROCYCLYL-ALKYLTHIOPENEMS GIRIJAVALLABHAN, VIYYOOR M.; GANGULY, ASHIT K.; PINTO, PATRICK A. ...
The Journal of Antibiotics,
1986, Letnik:
39, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Synthesis of optically active penems Girijavallabhan, Viyyoor M.; Ganguly, Ashit K.; Pinto, Patrick ...
Journal of the Chemical Society. Chemical communications,
1983
16
Journal Article
People in custody are at high risk of developing depression. Accessing psychological treatments in a prison setting is a particular challenge, in part, due to difficulties accessing specialist mental ...health workers. Behavioural Activation (BA) may be helpful in improving health outcomes for people in custody experiencing depressive symptoms. The aim of this study is to establish the feasibility and acceptability of custodial health nurses delivering BA to improve depressive symptoms of people in custody. We will conduct a pilot randomised controlled trial with process observation examining the feasibility and acceptability of BA in treating people in custody with depressive symptoms. 60 people in custody presenting with depressive symptoms will be randomised to receive BA plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU provided by custodial health nurses. Eight custodial health nurses will be recruited, trained, and deliver BA. BA will be delivered twice a week for six weeks, with sessions lasting up to 30 minutes. Changes in depression and quality of life (QoL) will be assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months post-intervention. Participants will be interviewed to understand feasibility and acceptability of BA in prison settings. The findings will inform the design of a randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of BA for people in custody with depression. Findings will help determine whether BA for depression is suited to prison health care system and services. Improving depressive symptoms in people in custody has benefits beyond prison settings. The Central Adelaide Local Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee and University of South Australia Human Research Ethics Committee have approved the study. The trial results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences and reported to local stakeholders and policy makers. If feasibility and acceptability is demonstrated, we will seek to progress to an effectiveness study. A potential strength of the trial model proposed, is in its scalability, with potential to increase the trial sites and locations. This trial has been prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (reference number: ACTRN12623000346673p).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction
Farmers face a range of factors that negatively influence their mental health and suicide risk, yet have limited access to appropriate support. Behavioural activation (BA) is an ...evidence‐based therapy that can be effectively delivered by nonclinical workers. Working with members of farming communities to deliver BA to their peers has the potential to overcome many well‐established barriers to mental health help‐seeking and improve outcomes for this at‐risk group.
Objective
This paper describes the findings of a co‐design phase informing the development of a peer (farmer)‐led approach for delivering BA for farmers living with depression or low mood.
Design
This qualitative study used a co‐design approach involving members of the target community. Focus groups were transcribed and analysed using Thematic Analysis and the Framework approach.
Findings
Ten online focus groups with 22 participants were held over 3 months. Four overarching, interlinked themes were identified: (i) filling the gap in rural mental health support; (ii) alignment with the farming context—tailoring how, where and when we engage about mental health; (iii) the ‘messenger’ is as important as the message; and (iv) sustainability, governance and support.
Discussion
Findings suggest BA could be a contextually appropriate model of support for the farming community—given its practical and solution‐focused approach—and could help improve access to support. Having peer workers deliver the intervention was viewed as appropriate. Ensuring governance structures are developed to support peers to deliver the intervention will be essential to facilitate effectiveness, safety and sustainability.
Conclusion
Insights gained through co‐design have been critical to the success of developing this new model of support for members of farming communities experiencing depression or low mood.
Giant pattern VEPs in children Thompson, Dorothy A.; Marmoy, Oliver R.; Prise, Katrina L. ...
European journal of paediatric neurology,
September 2021, 2021-Sep, 2021-09-00, 20210901, Letnik:
34
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Our aim is to elaborate the clinical significance of giant amplitude pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in children. ‘Giant’ amplitude VEPs exceed the upper 97.5th centile, 90% CI for ...age. We scrutinised 2750 pattern VEPs recorded to international standards between Jan 2015 and 2017 from children aged 16 years and under, attending a specialist children's hospital. Twenty seven children, median age 6yrs, (range 1–16 yrs), were identified with giant VEPs (P100 amplitude range 65–163 μV). Most, 22/27 (81%), had conditions associated with a risk of raised ICP. Sixteen of these twenty two children had craniosynostosis; six multi-sutural and eight single suture disease. Others had Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, arachnoid cyst, NF1 with shunted hydrocephalus, chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular (CINCA) syndrome, nephrotic cystinosis and obstructive sleep apnoea. Five children presented with a range of conditions, some associated with seizures some symptomatic, but as yet undiagnosed. Frequent structural associations were optical coherence tomography measures of optic disc maximum anterior axial horizontal retinal thickness projection >160 μm and neuro-radiological findings of CSF effacement and copper beaten appearance. Ultrasonography measures of optic nerve sheath diameters varied, but in one child took 2 years to resolve after treatment for raised ICP. Optic disc gradings by fundoscopy were mostly normal, as were visual acuities. Raised ICP was confirmed by gold standard ICP bolt measurements in five of seven children tested. These data suggest that rICP should be considered if a child has sustained giant amplitude VEPs at normal latency.
•Giant VEPs larger than 65 μV can be generated by children at risk of raised ICP.•Giant VEPs associate with OCT horizontal optic disc protrusion exceeding 160 μm.•Increases in VEP amplitude can precede OCT optic disc changes.•rICP and thinned CSF layer may provoke cortical hyper-excitability and giant VEPs.
Neuroimaging measures of behavioral and emotional dysregulation can yield biomarkers denoting developmental trajectories of psychiatric pathology in youth. We aimed to identify functional ...abnormalities in emotion regulation (ER) neural circuitry associated with different behavioral and emotional dysregulation trajectories using latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and neuroimaging.
A total of 61 youth (9-17 years) from the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms study, and 24 healthy control youth, completed an emotional face n-back ER task during scanning. LCGA was performed on 12 biannual reports completed over 5 years of the Parent General Behavior Inventory 10-Item Mania Scale (PGBI-10M), a parental report of the child's difficulty regulating positive mood and energy.
There were two latent classes of PGBI-10M trajectories: high and decreasing (HighD; n=22) and low and decreasing (LowD; n=39) course of behavioral and emotional dysregulation over the 12 time points. Task performance was >89% in all youth, but more accurate in healthy controls and LowD versus HighD (p<0.001). During ER, LowD had greater activity than HighD and healthy controls in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a key ER region, and greater functional connectivity than HighD between the amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (p's<0.001, corrected).
Patterns of function in lateral prefrontal cortical-amygdala circuitry in youth denote the severity of the developmental trajectory of behavioral and emotional dysregulation over time, and may be biological targets to guide differential treatment and novel treatment development for different levels of behavioral and emotional dysregulation in youth.
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