Management of intracranial pressure (ICP) following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an essential aspect of minimizing such secondary brain injuries as intracranial hypertension and cerebral ...hypoxia. Currently, ICU management of ICP elevations is reactive in nature; we propose a quantitative method to predict potentially harmful elevations in ICP. Methods - Continuous intracranial pressure measurements were obtained from 37 patients at the UCLA Medical Center. Intracranial hypertension (IH) episodes were identified along with slow wave segments (used for control sets). Four, five minute segments were then constructed from the IH episode: one from the onset of ICP elevation (pre-IH #0) along with sets 5, 20, and 35 minutes prior to the elevation (pre-IH #5, #20, #35 respectively). Quantification and recognition of the three ICP sub peaks was performed using our group's algorithm termed Morphological Clustering and Analysis of Intracranial Pressure (MOCAIP). Furthermore, a quadratic classifier (QDC) was used to determine the metrics with the greatest predictive power. These metrics were then used to compare the control data set to the data sets described previously. Results - From the ten most frequently selected metrics each of the four pre- intracranial hypertension (pre-IH) segments were compared with the control. Sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and accuracy (AC) were determined for each set with a SEN and SPE for the data set five minutes prior to ICP elevation of 90% and 75% respectively. Conclusion - Combining the MOCAIP analysis, QDC classification, and bootstrap method of statistical sampling, our analysis has the potential to predict an ICP elevation event 20 minutes prior to the event onset.
SLAM has matured significantly over the past few years, and is beginning to appear in serious commercial products. While new SLAM systems are being proposed at every conference, evaluation is often ...restricted to qualitative visualizations or accuracy estimation against a ground truth. This is due to the lack of benchmarking methodologies which can holistically and quantitatively evaluate these systems. Further investigation at the level of individual kernels and parameter spaces of SLAM pipelines is non-existent, which is absolutely essential for systems research and integration. We extend the recently introduced SLAMBench framework to allow comparing two state-of-the-art SLAM pipelines, namely KinectFusion and LSD-SLAM, along the metrics of accuracy, energy consumption, and processing frame rate on two different hardware platforms, namely a desktop and an embedded device. We also analyze the pipelines at the level of individual kernels and explore their algorithmic and hardware design spaces for the first time, yielding valuable insights.
The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between intracranial pressure (ICP) pulse waveform morphology and selected hydrodynamic metrics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movement ...using a novel method for ICP pulse pressure regional analysis based on the Morphological Clustering and Analysis of Continuous Intracranial Pulse (MOCAIP) algorithm. Methods: Seven patients received both overnight ICP monitoring along with a phase contrast MRI (PC-MRI) of the cerebral aqueduct and prepontine cistern to measure peak velocity, peak to peak mean flow, and stroke volume. Waveform morphological analysis of the ICP signal was performed by the MOCAIP algorithm. Following extraction of morphological metrics from the ICP signal, each ICP metric (128 metrics) was compared to each CSF metric via Spearman's rank correlation. The ICP results were further analyzed using a binary scheme which assigned the individual metrics a regional contribution based on the characteristic triphasic ICP pulse waveform. Results: All three aqueductal CSF metrics were shown to be significantly correlated with region 2 of the triphasic ICP pulse pressure waveform. Furthermore, the prepontine cistern showed two significant correlations between the CSF metrics and region 3 of the ICP waveform. Conclusion: In this study we showed that non-invasive measures of CSF movement in two different anatomical locations are significantly related to different sub-peak regions of the ICP pulse pressure waveform.
Cerebral metastases occur in 10–20% of patients with choriocarcinoma. Although single oncotic and pseudoaneurysms have been reported, multiple pseudoaneurysms and hemorrhages are rare. A 33–year–old ...woman developed 10 intracerebral hemorrhages over a 30–day period. Angiogram showed multiple focal areas of delayed contrast washout in distal vessels. Autopsy revealed intravascular choriocarcinoma without true aneurysm formation. A diagnosis of choriocarcinoma should be considered for women of childbearing age presenting with cerebrovascular syndromes, especially those found to have cerebral aneurysm, pseudoaneurysm, and/or hemorrhage.
SLAM has matured significantly over the past few years, and is beginning to appear in serious commercial products. While new SLAM systems are being proposed at every conference, evaluation is often ...restricted to qualitative visualizations or accuracy estimation against a ground truth. This is due to the lack of benchmarking methodologies which can holistically and quantitatively evaluate these systems. Further investigation at the level of individual kernels and parameter spaces of SLAM pipelines is non-existent, which is absolutely essential for systems research and integration. We extend the recently introduced SLAMBench framework to allow comparing two state-of-the-art SLAM pipelines, namely KinectFusion and LSD-SLAM, along the metrics of accuracy, energy consumption, and processing frame rate on two different hardware platforms, namely a desktop and an embedded device. We also analyze the pipelines at the level of individual kernels and explore their algorithmic and hardware design spaces for the first time, yielding valuable insights.
Impeded by the rigid skull, direct assessment of physiological variables of the intracranial system is difficult. A hidden state estimation approach is designed in the present work to facilitate the ...estimation of unobserved variables from available clinical measurements including intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV). The estimation algorithm is based on a modified nonlinear intracranial mathematical model, whose parameters are first identified in an offline stage using a nonlinear optimization paradigm. Following the offline stage, an online filtering process is performed using a nonlinear Kalman filter-like state estimator that is equipped with a new way of deriving the Kalman gain using the physiological constraints on the state variables. It is shown in the present work that changes of nominal radii of the proximal and distal cerebral arterial vascular beds could be tracked by using the proposed hidden state estimator
PDF
