Psoriasis is considered to be a cytokine-driven immune-mediated disease, although the cell cytotoxicity mechanisms involved remain unrecognized. Herein, we analyzed granulysin expression in different ...lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood of 40 psoriatic patients (20 with severe and 20 with mild psoriasis) and seven sample of psoriatic skin. The simultaneous detection of intracellular granulysin and cell surface antigens was performed using flow cytometry in peripheral blood and immunohistochemistry in skin lesions. The frequency of granulysin+ cells, mean fluorescence intensity for granulysin, and the frequency of CD8+ T lymphocytes, NK cells, and NKT cells expressing granulysin molecules in peripheral blood were significantly higher in patients with severe psoriasis compared to mild disease and healthy individuals. These were also correlated with disease severity. Furthermore, granulysin+ cells, CD8+granulysin+ T lymphocytes, and CD56+granulysin+ NK cells were present in a higher frequency in the epidermal basal cell layer and in the dermal infiltrate of lesional skin as compared to non-lesional and healthy skin. In conclusion, granulysin+ cytotoxic cells are upregulated in blood and lesions of patients with psoriasis suggesting the involvement of granulysin mediated cytotoxicity in psoriasis pathogenesis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The non-Newtonian rheology is calculated numerically to second order in the volume
fraction in steady simple shear flows for Brownian hard spheres in the presence of
hydrodynamic and excluded volume ...interactions. Previous analytical and numerical
results for the low-shear structure and rheology are confirmed, demonstrating that
the viscosity shear thins proportional to Pe2, where Pe is the dimensionless shear rate
or Péclet number, owing to the decreasing contribution of Brownian forces to the
viscosity. In the large Pe limit, remnants of Brownian diffusion balance convection
in a boundary-layer in the compressive region of the flow. In consequence, the
viscosity shear thickens when this boundary-layer coincides with the near-contact
lubrication regime of the hydrodynamic interaction. Wakes are formed at large Pe
in the extensional zone downstream from the reference particle, leading to broken
symmetry in the pair correlation function. As a result of this asymmetry and that in
the boundary-layer, finite normal stress differences are obtained as well as positive
departures in the generalized osmotic pressure from its equilibrium value. The first
normal stress difference changes from positive to negative values as Pe is increased
when the hard-sphere limit is approached. This unusual effect is caused by the
hydrodynamic lubrication forces that maintain particles in close proximity well into
the extensional quadrant of the flow. The study demonstrates that many of the
non-Newtonian effects observed in concentrated suspensions by experiments and by
Stokesian dynamics simulations are present also in dilute suspensions.
Objective
To explore the relationship between skin surface hydration and Trans‐Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) when simultaneously measured.
Methods
Six circular skin areas of the forearms (3 per ...forearm, 3 cm in diameter) of 12 Caucasian women were used as models. 4 prototypes of formulae of different compositions containing glycerol at different concentrations 7%, 10% and 40% were used as models of hydrating products. One formula (glycerol‐free) was used as control vehicle. Standardized applications of formulae (2 mg/cm2) were performed on 5 skin sites chosen at random, the other being left as bare/control. A recently marketed instrumental device that records the skin surface hydration and TEWL on a small skin area in a simultaneous manner was used. Measurements were carried out at T0 (pre‐application), at 1 h (T1) and 5 h (T5) post applications on two close sites within the 6 defined areas of both forearms.
Results
The new instrumental device allowed to clearly differentiate the 5 formulae (i.e. 7% vs. 10%) with regard the dose effect brought by glycerol (7%, 10%, 40%) and to record their lingering effects at T1 and T5. Both parameters were found significantly and negatively correlated, i.e. the higher the skin hydration, the lower the TEWL. The 40% concentration of glycerol, that leads to the highest skin hydration, brings a drop in the TEWL by about a two‐fold factor. Skin hydration of bare skin and control/vehicle sites showed minor and non‐significant changes along 5 h. Instead, the control/ vehicle slowed down the TEWL to a slight extent.
Conclusion
The use of this new instrumental device shed a new light on the mutual and inverse relationships between skin hydration and TEWL. Results suggest that, at high concentration, glycerol leads to largely increase the water content of both epidermal and dermal compartments, possibly leading to structural changes in the skin relief.
Résumé
Objectif
D’explorer les relations mutuelles entre l’hydratation cutanée et la perte insensible en eau (PIE) quand elles sont mesurées simultanément.
Méthodes
6 zones circulaires des avant‐bras (3 par zone, diamètre 3 cm) de 12 femmes Caucasiennes ont été utilisées comme modèles. 4 prototypes de formules, de compositions différentes contenant du glycérol à différentes concentrations (7%, 10%, 40%) furent réalisés et utilisés comme modèles de produits hydratants. Une formule sans glycérol fut utilisée en tant que contrôle. Des applications standardisées (2 mg/cm2) ont été effectuées sur 5 zones de façon aléatoire, la sixième restant nue en tant que contrôle. Un appareil nomade récemment disponible sur le marché qui enregistre l’hydratation et la PIE simultanément sur une petite surface cutanée a été utilisé. Deux mesures à deux endroits voisins de chaque zone ont été conduites à T0 (avant applications), 1 heure (T1) et 5 heures (T5) après.
Résultats
Ce nouvel instrument permet de clairement différencier les 5 formules dans l’effet dose apporté par le glycérol (0, 7%, 10%, 40%) et de suivre leur rémanence dans le temps (T5 vs. T1). Les deux paramètres ont été trouvés négativement corrélés de manière significative, c’est‐à‐dire qu’une plus forte hydratation correspondant à une plus faible PIE. La formule à 40% de glycérol, qui a conduit à la plus forte hydratation, a ainsi entrainé une chute de la PIE d’environ 50%. La peau nue comme celle de la formule contrôle n’ont pas conduit à de modifications notables et significatives de l’hydratation. La formule contrôle a conduit à une légère chute de la PIE.
Conclusion
L’utilisation de ce nouvel instrument semble apporter un éclairage nouveau sur les relations mutuelles (et inverses) entre l’hydratation cutanée et la PIE. Les résultats suggèrent qu’à forte concentration, le glycérol conduit à un fort accroissement de la teneur en eau de l’épiderme et du derme, avec de possibles conséquences structurelles du relief cutané.
Illustrations of the GPSkin Barrier probe from different views. The two yellow circles represent the surface hydration sensors; the black square is the RH% sensor located at the bottom of the chamber.
Background
A novel numerical method for calculating the contributions of individual diodes in a set of light emitting diodes (LEDs), aimed at simulating a blackbody radiation source, is examined. The ...intended purpose of the light source is to enable calibration of various types of optical sensors, particularly optical radiation pyrometers in the spectral range from 700 nm to 1070 nm.
Results
This numerical method is used to determine and optimize the intensity coefficients of individual LEDs that contribute to the overall spectral distribution. The method was proven for known spectral distributions: “flat” spectrum, International Commission on Illumination (CIE) standard daylight illuminant D65 spectrum, Hydrargyrum Medium-arc Iodide (HMI) High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamp, and finally blackbody radiation spectra at various temperatures.
Conclusions
The method enables achieving a broad range of continuous spectral distributions and compares favorably with other methods proposed in the literature.
Background
Facial skin pores (FSP) are common and benign signs that generate frequent esthetic concerns or complaints. Despite their worldwide prevalence, related literature remains scarce. Hence, a ...new device has been developed and applied to validating studies, aiming at best describing FSP as they are self‐perceived, i.e. their anatomic features, their possible alterations with age and their appearance after application of a make‐up product.
Methods
Dermascore+® is an imaging device dedicated to a direct observation and acquisition of various characteristics of the skin surface. Images are captured under a high magnification and under different lighting configurations, to highlight the skin relief, based upon parallel polarized images. Dedicated software allows FSP to being detected and their morphological parameters to being extracted and computed. By measuring each detected FSP in a given region of interest, a statistically significant impact of both age and an applied cosmetic product upon their morphological features can be observed and quantified.
Results
Although the size and density of FSP are not affected by aging, their shape becomes elongated. A few tested make up products show variable effects that closely correlate with visual assessments made by trained estheticians.
Conclusion
The shape of FSP present on cheeks shows age‐related changes, toward a more elongated aspect, likely linked to a progressively altered (more isotropic) skin surface micro‐relief. The new tool Dermascore+® allows foundations to being rapidly differentiated and screened according to their variable effects upon the visual appearance through instrumental, objective depiction of FSP.
MicroRT—Small animal conformal irradiator Stojadinovic, S.; Low, D. A.; Hope, A. J. ...
Medical physics (Lancaster),
December 2007, Letnik:
34, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A novel small animal conformal radiation therapy system has been designed and prototyped: MicroRT. The microRT system integrates multimodality imaging, radiation treatment planning, and conformal ...radiation therapy that utilizes a clinical
I
192
r
isotope high dose rate source as the radiation source (teletherapy). A multiparameter dose calculation algorithm based on Monte Carlo dose distribution simulations is used to efficiently and accurately calculate doses for treatment planning purposes. A series of precisely machined tungsten collimators mounted onto a cylindrical collimator assembly is used to provide the radiation beam portals. The current design allows a source-to-target distance range of 1–8 cm at four beam angles:
0
°
(beam oriented down),
90
°
,
180
°
, and
270
°
. The animal is anesthetized and placed in an immobilization device with built-in fiducial markers and scanned using a computed tomography, magnetic resonance, or positron emission tomography scanner prior to irradiation. Treatment plans using up to four beam orientations are created utilizing a custom treatment planning system—microRTP. A three-axis computer-controlled stage that supports and accurately positions the animals is programmed to place the animal relative to the radiation beams according to the microRTP plan. The microRT system positioning accuracy was found to be submillimeter. The radiation source is guided through one of four catheter channels and placed in line with the tungsten collimators to deliver the conformal radiation treatment. The microRT hardware specifications, the accuracy of the treatment planning and positioning systems, and some typical procedures for radiobiological experiments that can be performed with the microRT device are presented.
Display omitted
•Rate coefficients for electron impact excitation of CO have been calculated.•All relevant non-elastic processes have been included in calculations.•Equilibrium and non-equilibrium ...conditions have been considered.•Electron energy distribution functions were determined by a Monte Carlo simulation.•Rate coefficients have also been determined in the presence of magnetic field.
Rate coefficients for electron impact excitation of the CO molecule have been calculated both for equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. The rate coefficients have been determined for all relevant non-elastic processes: rotational excitation, vibrational excitation, electronic excitation into singlet and triplet states and particularly for ionization. In the case of non-equilibrium conditions, we had to determine electron energy distribution functions needed for rate coefficients calculations. The distribution functions were obtained by employing a Monte Carlo simulation developed in our laboratory. The simulations were performed for moderate values of electric field over gas number density ratios, E/N, from 0 to 1000Td. Also, the rate coefficients have been determined in presence of magnetic field for typical values of magnetic field over gas number density ratios, B/N, from 500 to 3000 Hx. The results of equilibrium rate coefficients along with non-equilibrium ones have been shown.
Radiotherapy treatment outcome models are a complicated function of treatment, clinical and biological factors. Our objective is to provide clinicians and scientists with an accurate, flexible and ...user-friendly software tool to explore radiotherapy outcomes data and build statistical tumour control or normal tissue complications models. The software tool, called the dose response explorer system (DREES), is based on Matlab, and uses a named-field structure array data type. DREES/Matlab in combination with another open-source tool (CERR) provides an environment for analysing treatment outcomes. DREES provides many radiotherapy outcome modelling features, including (1) fitting of analytical normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) and tumour control probability (TCP) models, (2) combined modelling of multiple dose-volume variables (e.g., mean dose, max dose, etc) and clinical factors (age, gender, stage, etc) using multi-term regression modelling, (3) manual or automated selection of logistic or actuarial model variables using bootstrap statistical resampling, (4) estimation of uncertainty in model parameters, (5) performance assessment of univariate and multivariate analyses using Spearman's rank correlation and chi-square statistics, boxplots, nomograms, Kaplan-Meier survival plots, and receiver operating characteristics curves, and (6) graphical capabilities to visualize NTCP or TCP prediction versus selected variable models using various plots. DREES provides clinical researchers with a tool customized for radiotherapy outcome modelling. DREES is freely distributed. We expect to continue developing DREES based on user feedback.
Background
The wide diversity of feminine eyelashes in shape, length, and curvature makes it a complex domain that remains to be quantified in vivo, together with their changes brought by application ...of mascaras that are visually assessed by women themselves or make‐up experts.
Methods
A dedicated software was developed to semi‐automatically extract and quantify, from digital images (frontal and lateral pictures), the major parameters of feminine eyelashes of Mexican and Caucasian women and to record the changes brought by the applications of various mascaras and their brushes, being self or professionally applied.
Results
The diversity of feminine eyelashes appears as a major influencing factor in the application of mascaras and their related results. Eight marketed mascaras and their respective brushes were tested and their quantitative profiles, in terms of coverage, morphology, or curvature were assessed. Standard applications by trained aestheticians led to higher and more homogeneous deposits of mascara, as compared to those resulting from self‐applications.
Conclusion
The developed software appears a precious tool for both quantifying the major characteristics of eyelashes and assessing the making‐up results brought by mascaras and their associated brushes.
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