This note seeks to examine the relationship between existential intangible tourism and personal identity. Due to the impacts of globalization, tourism faces a new paradigm of increasing social ...complexity and the recent impotence of traditional boundaries. In such an environment, the past liaison between identity and local place vanishes. The discussion indicates that intangible heritage tourism can provide a source of identity separate from local places, becoming in effect an “existential tourism”. In this paper, Japanese flamenco tourism is used to shed light on the theme in general.
The Polycomb system is made of an evolutionary ancient group of proteins, present throughout plants and animals. Known initially from developmental studies with the fly
, they were associated with ...stable sustainment of gene repression and maintenance of cell identity. Acting as multiprotein assemblies with an ability to modify chromatin, through chemical additions to histones and organization of topological domains, they have been involved subsequently in control of developmental transitions and in cell homeostasis. Recent work has unveiled an association of Polycomb components with transcriptionally active loci and the promotion of gene expression, in clear contrast with conventional recognition as repressors. Focusing on mammalian models, I review here advances concerning roles in transcriptional control. Among new findings highlighted is the regulation of their catalytic properties, recruiting to targets, and activities in chromatin organization and compartmentalization. The need for a more integrated approach to the study of the Polycomb system, given its fundamental complexity and its adaptation to cell context, is discussed.
Intensive fish culture is a practice in aquaculture systems; however, it can produce negative environmental impacts due to the accumulation of organic nitrogen from feeding procedures, but also from ...fish wasting products. Recirculating aquaculture systems have emerged as one strategy to reduce these impacts, maintaining a healthy environment for fish. These reduce toxicity level through nitrifying biofilters, which use a microbial consortium to convert ammonia into nitrate. The main component of bacterial consortium is comprised by aerobic ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria and aerobic nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria, which are part of the whole nitrification process. These nitrifying bacteria grow in suspension or in fixed form, the latter characterized by a biofilm formation where bacteria adhere to a physical substrate in a self‐produced polymer matrix. The biofilm formation requires tight communication among bacteria to regulate the transcriptional circuits underlying the production of chemical signal molecules (e.g. N‐acetyl‐homoserine lactones) that control biofilm formation. This coordination is known as quorum sensing and can be considered as a mechanism that contributes to the coupling and maintenance of nitrification rate among bacteria by regulating expression levels of relevant genes associated with nitrification process. Therefore, the control of this process is crucial in recirculating aquaculture systems and its incorrect manipulation can produce a detriment of water quality. We here present an overview of the nitrification process in recirculating aquaculture systems. Subsequently, we describe nitrifying biofilters and nitrifying bacteria. Finally, we discuss how quorum sensing controls the efficiency of nitrifying bacteria and potential applications of nitrifying biofilters in intensive aquaculture systems.
This paper presents a new control method for cascaded connected H-bridge converter-based static compensators. These converters have classically been commutated at fundamental line frequencies, but ...the evolution of power semiconductors has allowed the increase of switching frequencies and power ratings of these devices, permitting the use of pulsewidth modulation techniques. This paper mainly focuses on dc-bus voltage balancing problems and proposes a new control technique (individual voltage balancing strategy), which solves these balancing problems, maintaining the delivered reactive power equally distributed among all the H-bridges of the converter.
El presente articulo examina los discursos sobre América transmitidos en China por misioneros jesuitas entre los siglos XVI y XVIII. Este busca demostrar el modo en que misioneros y sus colaboradores ...chinos crearon sus informaciones sobre el continente con el fin de apoyar su agenda política y misional. El texto comienza con una descripción de las estrategias de la misión en China y su relación con la producción geográfica sino-jesuita, para luego analizar la conexión de las informaciones sino-jesuitas sobre América con los planes de la misión. Se concluye que las representaciones sobre la geografía, gentes e historia de América reflejan tres intereses interrelacionados: atraer la atención de los literatos chinos; resaltar el alto desarrollo de la civilización europea; y comunicar mensajes religiosos.
During neocortical development, neural precursor cells (NPCs, or neural stem cells) produce neurons first and astrocytes later. Although the timing of the fate switch from neurogenic to astrogenic is ...critical for determining the number of neurons, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we show that the polycomb group complex (PcG) restricts neurogenic competence of NPCs and promotes the transition of NPC fate from neurogenic to astrogenic. Inactivation of PcG by knockout of the Ring1B or Ezh2 gene or Eed knockdown prolonged the neurogenic phase of NPCs and delayed the onset of the astrogenic phase. Moreover, PcG was found to repress the promoter of the proneural gene neurogenin1 in a developmental-stage-dependent manner. These results demonstrate a role of PcG: the temporal regulation of NPC fate.
This paper focuses the analysis around a grid-connected converter that operates under unbalanced voltage and current conditions. Two different scenarios have been selected to validate the proposed ...algorithms. In the first scenario, the converter operates as a reactive power compensator, exchanging reactive power with the grid, and minimizing the dc bus voltage oscillations. The second scenario is more challenging, since it operates as a load balancer. In this application, the unbalanced current consumption of the load is compensated by the converter, exchanging positive and negative sequence currents with the grid. Another objective in this second scenario is to compensate the reactive power of the unbalanced load. It is important to highlight that in both scenarios, any maximum limit of the converter can be exceeded due to the specific unbalanced voltage and current conditions. Three variables are considered critical for the converter: 1) output ac current limit; 2) output ac voltage limit; and 3) dc bus voltage oscillation limit. Thus, this paper proposes a control method, which limits online the reactive power reference in the first scenario and the exchanged current references in the second scenario in order not to exceed any of the mentioned critical variables. The corresponding experimental results are shown in Part II of this paper so as to validate the limitation algorithm obtained by means of the mathematical analysis carried out in Part I.
To develop and validate a delirium risk prediction preoperative model for patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Observational prospective multicentre study.
Six intensive care units in Spain.
689 ...patients undergoing cardiac surgery consecutively, aged ≥18 years.
The primary outcome measure was the development of delirium, diagnosed using the Confusion Assessment Method in Intensive Care Units (CAM-ICU), during the stay in the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery.
The model was developed with 345 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery at six hospitals and validated with another 344 patients from the same hospitals. The prediction model contained four preoperative risk factors: age over 65 years, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 25–26 points (possible impairment of cognitive function) or < 25 (impairment of cognitive function), insomnia needing medical treatment and low physical activity (walk less than 30 min a day). The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.825 (95% confidence interval: 0.76–0.89). The validation resulted in an area under the curve of 0.79 (0.73–0.85) and the pooled area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (n = 689) was 0.81 (0.76–0.85). We stratified patients in groups of low (0%–20%), moderate (> 20%–40%), high (> 40%–60%) and very high (> 60%) risk of developing delirium, with a positive and negative predictive value for the very high risk group of 70.97% and 85.56%, respectively.
The DELIPRECAS model (DELIrium PREvention CArdiac Surgery), consisting of four well-defined clinical risk factors, can predict in the preoperative period the risk of developing postoperative delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. An automatic version of the risk calculator is available.
•A delirium prediction model has been developed and validated for cardiac surgery patients.•The DELIPRECAS model predicts the risk of postoperative delirium with 4 preoperative risk factors.•This new model facilitates the use of preventive measures in high-risk patients.
Research into Piscirickettsia salmonis biofilms on materials commonly used in salmon farming is crucial for understanding its persistence and virulence. We used the CDC Biofilm Reactor to investigate ...P. salmonis (LF‐89 and EM‐90) biofilm formation on Nylon, Stainless steel (316L), Polycarbonate and High‐Density Polyethylene (HDPE) surfaces. After 144 h of biofilm visualization by scanning confocal laser microscopy under batch growth conditions, Nylon coupons generated the greatest biofilm formation and coverage compared to Stainless steel (316L), Polycarbonate and HDPE. Additionally, P. salmonis biofilm formation on Nylon was significantly greater (p ≤ .01) than Stainless steel (316L), Polycarbonate and HDPE at 288 h. We used Nylon coupons to determine the kinetic parameters of the planktonic and biofilm phases of P. salmonis. The two strains had similar latencies in the planktonic phase; however, LF‐89 maximum growth was 2.5 orders of magnitude higher (Log cell ml−1). Additionally, LF‐89 had a specified growth rate (µmax) of 0.0177 ± 0.006 h−1 and a generation time of 39.2 h. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the biofilm formation by P. salmonis and elucidates the impact of the biofilm on aquaculture systems.
Changes in phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP) are associated with transcription initiation, elongation and termination. Sites of active transcription are ...generally characterized by hyperphosphorylated RNAP, particularly at Ser 2 residues, whereas inactive or poised genes may lack RNAP or may bind Ser 5-phosphorylated RNAP at promoter proximal regions. Recent studies have demonstrated that silent developmental regulator genes have an unusual histone modification profile in ES cells, being simultaneously marked with Polycomb repressor-mediated histone H3K27 methylation, and marks normally associated with gene activity. Contrary to the prevailing view, we show here that this important subset of developmental regulator genes, termed bivalent genes, assemble RNAP complexes phosphorylated on Ser 5 and are transcribed at low levels. We provide evidence that this poised RNAP configuration is enforced by Polycomb Repressor Complex (PRC)-mediated ubiquitination of H2A, as conditional deletion of Ring1A and Ring1B leads to the sequential loss of ubiquitination of H2A, release of poised RNAP, and subsequent gene de-repression. These observations provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms that allow ES cells to self-renew and yet retain the ability to generate multiple lineage outcomes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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