Background
It has been reported that clinical evaluation consistently underestimates the severity of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).
Objective
To determine the usefulness of ultrasound as a diagnostic ...tool in HS compared with clinical examination and to assess the subsequent modification of disease management.
Methods
Cross‐sectional multicentre study. Severity classification and therapeutic approach according to clinical vs. ultrasound examination were compared.
Results
Of 143 HS patients were included. Clinical examination scored 38, 70 and 35 patients as Hurley stage I, II and III, respectively; with ultrasound examination, 21, 80 and 42 patients were staged with Hurley stage I, II and III disease, respectively (P < 0.01). In patients with stage I classification as determined by clinical examination, 44.7% changed to a more severe stage. Clinical examination indicated that 44.1%, 54.5% and 1.4% of patients would maintain, increase or decrease treatment, respectively. For ultrasound examination, these percentages were 31.5%, 67.1% and 1.4% (P < 0.01). Concordance between clinical and ultrasound intra‐rater examination was 22.8% (P < 0.01); intra‐rater and inter‐rater (radiologist) ultrasound agreement was 94.9% and 81.7%, respectively (P < 0.01).
Limitations
The inability to detect lesions that measure ≤0.1 mm or with only epidermal location.
Conclusion
Ultrasound can modify the clinical staging and therapeutic management in HS by detecting subclinical disease.
Psoriasis often precedes the onset of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), so dermatologists often face the challenge of early identifying signs of PsA in patients with psoriasis. Our aim was to validate the ...Spanish version of the PURE-4 questionnaire as a screening tool for PsA, evaluate its performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, feasibility, reliability, and build validity.
This was a cross-sectional, observational, multicenter trial of adult patients with psoriasis. Initially, patients were assessed by a dermatologist and completed 2 self-administered versions (in print and online) of the PURE-4 questionnaire. Afterwards, the rheumatologist, blinded to the PURE-4 results, assessed the presence/absence of PsA, being the reference to determine the performance of the PURE-4 questionnaire.
A total of 268 patients were included (115 42.9% women; mean age, 47.1±12.6). The prevalence of PsA according to rheumatologist diagnosis was 12.7% (34 patients). The mean PURE-4 score for patients with psoriasis diagnosed with PsA was 2.3±1.1, and 1.3±1.3 for patients without PsA (P<.001). The cutoff value ≥2 demonstrated the best performance for detecting PsA, with a negative predictive value of 95.1% (95% confidence interval, 90.3-97.6).
The PURE-4 questionnaire demonstrated good performance in detecting PsA, with an optimal cutoff point ≥2. This simple tool could facilitate early referral of patients to the rheumatology unit.
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Psoriasis often precedes the onset of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), so dermatologists often face the challenge of early identifying signs of PsA in patients with psoriasis. Our aim was ...to validate the Spanish version of the PURE-4 questionnaire as a screening tool for PsA, evaluate its performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, feasibility, reliability, and build validity.
This was a cross-sectional, observational, multicenter trial of adult patients with psoriasis. Initially, patients were assessed by a dermatologist and completed 2 self-administered versions (in print and online) of the PURE-4 questionnaire. Afterwards, the rheumatologist, blinded to the PURE-4 results, assessed the presence/absence of PsA, being the reference to determine the performance of the PURE-4 questionnaire.
A total of 268 patients were included (115 42.9% women; mean age, 47.1±12.6). The prevalence of PsA according to rheumatologist diagnosis was 12.7% (34 patients). The mean PURE-4 score for patients with psoriasis diagnosed with PsA was 2.3±1.1, and 1.3±1.3 for patients without PsA (P<.001). The cutoff value ≥2 demonstrated the best performance for detecting PsA, with a negative predictive value of 95.1% (95% confidence interval, 90.3-97.6).
The PURE-4 questionnaire demonstrated good performance in detecting PsA, with an optimal cutoff point ≥2. This simple tool could facilitate early referral of patients to the rheumatology unit.
La psoriasis suele preceder a la aparición de la artritis psoriásica (APs), por lo que los dermatólogos suelen enfrentarse al reto de identificar precozmente los signos de APs en pacientes con psoriasis. El objetivo fue validar la versión española del cuestionario PURE-4 como herramienta de cribado para la APs, evaluando su rendimiento en términos de sensibilidad, especificidad, viabilidad, fiabilidad y validez de constructo.
Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional y multicéntrico en pacientes adultos con psoriasis. Inicialmente, los pacientes fueron evaluados por un dermatólogo y completaron dos versiones autoadministradas (en papel y electrónica) del cuestionario PURE-4. Después, el reumatólogo, ciego a los resultados del PURE-4, evaluó la presencia/ausencia de APs, siendo la referencia para determinar el rendimiento del cuestionario PURE-4.
Se incluyeron 268 pacientes (115 42,9% mujeres; edad media, 47,1±12,6 años). Se diagnosticó de APs a 34 pacientes (12,7%) en una media (DE) de 1,4±1,6 semanas. La puntuación PURE-4 media para los pacientes con psoriasis diagnosticados de APs fue de 2,3±1,1, y de 1,3±1,3 para los pacientes sin APs (p<0,001). El punto de corte óptimo con mejor rendimiento para detectar APs fue ≥2 respuestas positivas, con valor predictivo negativo del 95,1% (intervalo de confianza 95%: 90,3-97,6).
El cuestionario PURE-4 demostró un buen rendimiento para el cribado de APs, con un punto de corte óptimo ≥2. Esta sencilla herramienta podría facilitar la derivación temprana de los pacientes al servicio de reumatología.
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La psoriasis suele preceder a la aparición de la artritis psoriásica (APs), por lo que los dermatólogos suelen enfrentarse al reto de identificar precozmente los signos de APs en ...pacientes con psoriasis. El objetivo fue validar la versión española del cuestionario PURE-4 como herramienta de cribado para la APs, evaluando su rendimiento en términos de sensibilidad, especificidad, viabilidad, fiabilidad y validez de constructo.
Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional y multicéntrico en pacientes adultos con psoriasis. Inicialmente, los pacientes fueron evaluados por un dermatólogo y completaron dos versiones autoadministradas (en papel y electrónica) del cuestionario PURE-4. Después, el reumatólogo, ciego a los resultados del PURE-4, evaluó la presencia/ausencia de APs, siendo la referencia para determinar el rendimiento del cuestionario PURE-4.
Se incluyeron 268 pacientes (115 42,9% mujeres; edad media, 47,1±12,6 años). Se diagnosticó de APs a 34 pacientes (12,7%) en una media (DE) de 1,4±1,6 semanas. La puntuación PURE-4 media para los pacientes con psoriasis diagnosticados de APs fue de 2,3±1,1, y de 1,3±1,3 para los pacientes sin APs (p<0,001). El punto de corte óptimo con mejor rendimiento para detectar APs fue ≥2 respuestas positivas, con valor predictivo negativo del 95,1% (intervalo de confianza 95%: 90,3-97,6).
El cuestionario PURE-4 demostró un buen rendimiento para el cribado de APs, con un punto de corte óptimo ≥2. Esta sencilla herramienta podría facilitar la derivación temprana de los pacientes al servicio de reumatología.
Psoriasis often precedes the onset of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), so dermatologists often face the challenge of early identifying signs of PsA in patients with psoriasis. Our aim was to validate the Spanish version of the PURE-4 questionnaire as a screening tool for PsA, evaluate its performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, feasibility, reliability, and build validity.
This was a cross-sectional, observational, multicenter trial of adult patients with psoriasis. Initially, patients were assessed by a dermatologist and completed 2 self-administered versions (in print and online) of the PURE-4 questionnaire. Afterwards, the rheumatologist, blinded to the PURE-4 results, assessed the presence/absence of PsA, being the reference to determine the performance of the PURE-4 questionnaire.
A total of 268 patients were included (115 42.9% women; mean age, 47.1±12.6). The prevalence of PsA according to rheumatologist diagnosis was 12.7% (34 patients). The mean PURE-4 score for patients with psoriasis diagnosed with PsA was 2.3±1.1, and 1.3±1.3 for patients without PsA (P<.001). The cutoff value ≥2 demonstrated the best performance for detecting PsA, with a negative predictive value of 95.1% (95% confidence interval, 90.3-97.6).
The PURE-4 questionnaire demonstrated good performance in detecting PsA, with an optimal cutoff point ≥2. This simple tool could facilitate early referral of patients to the rheumatology unit.
Psoriasis often precedes the onset of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), so dermatologists often face the challenge of early identifying signs of PsA in patients with psoriasis. Our aim was to validate the ...Spanish version of the PURE-4 questionnaire as a screening tool for PsA, evaluate its performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, feasibility, reliability, and build validity.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEPsoriasis often precedes the onset of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), so dermatologists often face the challenge of early identifying signs of PsA in patients with psoriasis. Our aim was to validate the Spanish version of the PURE-4 questionnaire as a screening tool for PsA, evaluate its performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, feasibility, reliability, and build validity.This was a cross-sectional, observational, multicenter trial of adult patients with psoriasis. Initially, patients were assessed by a dermatologist and completed 2 self-administered versions (in print and online) of the PURE-4 questionnaire. Afterwards, the rheumatologist, blinded to the PURE-4 results, assessed the presence/absence of PsA, being the reference to determine the performance of the PURE-4 questionnaire.METHODSThis was a cross-sectional, observational, multicenter trial of adult patients with psoriasis. Initially, patients were assessed by a dermatologist and completed 2 self-administered versions (in print and online) of the PURE-4 questionnaire. Afterwards, the rheumatologist, blinded to the PURE-4 results, assessed the presence/absence of PsA, being the reference to determine the performance of the PURE-4 questionnaire.A total of 268 patients were included (115 42.9% women; mean age, 47.1±12.6). The prevalence of PsA according to rheumatologist diagnosis was 12.7% (34 patients). The mean PURE-4 score for patients with psoriasis diagnosed with PsA was 2.3±1.1, and 1.3±1.3 for patients without PsA (P<.001). The cutoff value ≥2 demonstrated the best performance for detecting PsA, with a negative predictive value of 95.1% (95% confidence interval, 90.3-97.6).RESULTSA total of 268 patients were included (115 42.9% women; mean age, 47.1±12.6). The prevalence of PsA according to rheumatologist diagnosis was 12.7% (34 patients). The mean PURE-4 score for patients with psoriasis diagnosed with PsA was 2.3±1.1, and 1.3±1.3 for patients without PsA (P<.001). The cutoff value ≥2 demonstrated the best performance for detecting PsA, with a negative predictive value of 95.1% (95% confidence interval, 90.3-97.6).The PURE-4 questionnaire demonstrated good performance in detecting PsA, with an optimal cutoff point ≥2. This simple tool could facilitate early referral of patients to the rheumatology unit.CONCLUSIONSThe PURE-4 questionnaire demonstrated good performance in detecting PsA, with an optimal cutoff point ≥2. This simple tool could facilitate early referral of patients to the rheumatology unit.
Psoriatic lesions affecting the scalp, nails, palms, and the soles of the feet are described as difficult-to-treat psoriasis and require specific management. Involvement of these sites often has a ...significant physical and emotional impact on the patient and the lesions are difficult to control with topical treatments owing to inadequate penetration of active ingredients and the poor cosmetic characteristics of the vehicles used. Consequently, when difficult-to-treat sites are involved, psoriasis can be considered severe even though the lesions are not extensive. Scant information is available about the use of biologic therapy in this setting, and published data generally comes from clinical trials of patients who also had moderate to severe extensive lesions or from small case series and isolated case reports. In this article we review the quality of the scientific evidence for the 4 biologic agents currently available in Spain (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, and ustekinumab) and report level i evidence for the use of biologics to treat nail psoriasis (level of recommendation A) and a somewhat lower level of evidence in the case of scalp involvement and palmoplantar psoriasis.
Microinjection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA; 1 and 2.5 nmol) or kainate (KA; 50 pmol) into the deep prepiriform cortex elicited behavioral signs of seizure activity. No epileptiform activity was ...observed after deep prepiriform cortex microinjection of either L-arginine (L-Arg, 5 and 10 nmol) or its D-enantiomer, D-arginine (D-Arg, 2.5-10 nmol). However, both the seizure score and the incidence of electroencephalographic (EEG) epileptic discharges elicited by NMDA (1 and 2.5 nmol) and KA (50 pmol) were significantly increased by L- but not D-Arg. The facilitatory effects of L-Arg on seizure activity elicited by both NMDA and KA were dose-dependent and could be prevented by co-administration of L-Arg (10 nmol) and the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 20 nmol). Motor and electrocortical seizures were observed after microinjection of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 5 to 20 nmol) into the deep prepiriform cortex. Infusion of methylene blue (20 nmol), a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, protected against SNP-induced seizures. Furthermore, prior infusion of a subconvulsant dose of SNP into the deep prepiriform cortex significantly potentiated the seizure activity elicited by either NMDA (1 and 2.5 nmol) or KA (50 pmol). These results support the proposal that NO is formed from L-Arg upon excitatory amino acid receptor activation within the deep prepiriform cortex, thereby contributing to the genesis of seizure activity.
Resumen El término de psoriasis en localizaciones de difícil tratamiento se emplea para hacer referencia a la psoriasis localizada en el cuero cabelludo, las uñas, las palmas y las plantas y que ...requiere un manejo diferenciado. A menudo los pacientes presentan un importante impacto físico y emocional, unido a la dificultad para controlar adecuadamente sus lesiones con tratamientos tópicos, debido a una insuficiente penetración de los principios activos y la escasa cosmeticidad de los vehículos empleados. Esta circunstancia justifica que la psoriasis en estas localizaciones pueda ser considerada grave, a pesar de su extensión limitada. La experiencia con terapias biológicas en estas localizaciones es escasa, en general en el contexto de ensayos clínicos de formas extensas de psoriasis moderada y grave, junto con series limitadas o casos aislados. En el presente artículo se presenta la calidad de la evidencia científica para los 4 agentes biológicos disponibles en España (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab y ustekinumab) siendo de nivel i en el caso de la psoriasis ungueal (nivel de recomendación A) y algo inferior en la psoriasis del cuero cabelludo y palmoplantar.
Abstract Psoriatic lesions affecting the scalp, nails, palms, and the soles of the feet are described as difficult-to-treat psoriasis and require specific management. Involvement of these sites often ...has a significant physical and emotional impact on the patient and the lesions are difficult to control with topical treatments owing to inadequate penetration of active ingredients and the poor cosmetic characteristics of the vehicles used. Consequently, when difficult-to-treat sites are involved, psoriasis can be considered severe even though the lesions are not extensive. Scant information is available about the use of biologic therapy in this setting, and published data generally comes from clinical trials of patients who also had moderate to severe extensive lesions or from small case series and isolated case reports. In this article we review the quality of the scientific evidence for the 4 biologic agents currently available in Spain (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, and ustekinumab) and report level i evidence for the use of biologics to treat nail psoriasis (level of recommendation A) and a somewhat lower level of evidence in the case of scalp involvement and palmoplantar psoriasis.
![[Translated article] Valida...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0001-7310/small "[Translated article] Validation of the Spanish Version of the PURE-4 Questionnaire for the Early Detection of Psoriatic Arthritis in Psoriatic Patients")
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