Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate whether the trajectory of family income, parental education and clinical variables are associated with the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries ...among children.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted with 439 children between one and three years of age, evaluated at baseline and re‐evaluated after three years. Sociodemographic and economic variables, untreated dental caries and biofilm were investigated both at baseline and at the 3‐year follow‐up. The pufa index (pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula and abscess) was used to diagnose the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries.
Results
The prevalence of pufa ≥1 was 18.2% in the follow‐up. The following variables were associated with a higher risk of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries: mother's low schooling level at baseline and follow‐up (RR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.04‐2.18), incidence or baseline presence of biofilm (RR = 4.66; 95% CI: 2.02‐10.74), cavitated dental caries at baseline (RR = 3.57; 95% CI:1.86 to 6.83) and incidence of cavitated dental caries (RR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.24‐3.35).
Conclusion
Low maternal schooling level, biofilm, cavitated dental caries at baseline, and incidence of dental caries were the factors determining the consequences of untreated dental caries.
Background
Children and adolescents with vision impairment (VI) may be at increased risk of oral health issues, such as periodontal inflammation, poor oral hygiene, dental caries, and dental trauma, ...but this is inconclusive in the literature.
Aim
To systematically review the literature to determine the main oral health issues of children and adolescents with VI compared to those without VI.
Design
Electronic and manual searches were performed to identify observational studies involving children and adolescents with and without VI, to determine and compare their oral health issues. The methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Studies that had homogeneity of methods were incorporated into meta‐analyses.
Results
Fifteen cross‐sectional studies were included. Overall, most studies presented methodological flaws and high risk of bias. The meta‐analysis showed that children and adolescents with VI were 3.86 times as likely to exhibit dental trauma (OR = 3.86, 95% CI = 2.63–5.68, I2 = 0%) and had higher/poorer values for plaque (MD = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.58–1.02, I2 = 96%), gingivitis (MD = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.02–1.37, I2 = 100%), calculus (MD = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03–0.06, I2 = 0%), and oral hygiene indices (MD = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.24–1.18, I2 = 97%), as well as DMFS (MD = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.68–1.13, I2 = 26%).
Conclusion
Across a wide array of assessments, children and adolescents with vision impairment had worse oral health outcomes than those without VI.
Aim
To determine the prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and associated factors among schoolchildren.
Design
This cross‐sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of 440 ...schoolchildren. The children were submitted to a clinical oral examination for the evaluation of tooth wear and/or muscle discomfort. Parents/caregivers filled out a questionnaire with information related to characteristic sounds of sleep bruxism, sociodemographic factors, and the presence of harmful oral habits of children. The stress of the mothers was measured through the Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults (LSSI) instrument. The child's stress was measured through the Child Stress Scale (CSS). Data analysis included descriptive analysis and hierarchical Poisson regression (95% CI, P < 0.05).
Results
The prevalence of PSB was 40.0% (n = 176). The final Poisson regression model showed that PSB was significantly more prevalent in children with a history of nail biting (PR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.19‐1.90; P = 0.001) and biting objects (PR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03‐1.63; P = 0.025) and less prevalent among girls (PR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63‐0.98; P = 0.033).
Conclusions
The prevalence of PSB in schoolchildren was high. Schoolchildren with a history of nail biting and biting objects had a higher prevalence of PSB.
We describe a strategy for the development of a rational approach of neoplastic disease therapy based on the demonstration that scale-free networks are susceptible to specific attacks directed ...against its connective hubs. This strategy involves the (i) selection of up-regulated hubs of connectivity in the tumors interactome, (ii) drug repurposing of these hubs, (iii) RNA silencing of non-druggable hubs, (iv) in vitro hub validation, (v) tumor-on-a-chip, (vi) in vivo validation, and (vii) clinical trial. Hubs are protein targets that are assessed as targets for rational therapy of cancer in the context of personalized oncology. We confirmed the existence of a negative correlation between malignant cell aggressivity and the target number needed for specific drugs or RNA interference (RNAi) to maximize the benefit to the patient’s overall survival. Interestingly, we found that some additional proteins not generally targeted by drug treatments might justify the addition of inhibitors designed against them in order to improve therapeutic outcomes. However, many proteins are not druggable, or the available pharmacopeia for these targets is limited, which justifies a therapy based on encapsulated RNAi.
Studies have suggested that individuals affected by extrinsic black tooth stains have less dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. The aim of the present study was to ...perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether there is scientific evidence demonstrating that extrinsic black stains are a protective factor for the occurrence of dental caries. This systematic review was developed in accordance with the PRISMA statement and the research question was determined using the PECO strategy. Electronic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Science Direct, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles published up to September 2018. All articles included were submitted to an appraisal of methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the data were extracted for meta-analysis. The search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 9,108 publications. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 18 articles were selected for analysis, 13 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated that individuals with extrinsic black stains involving primary (median, MD: –0.78 –1.09; –0.48; I 2 = 44%) and permanent (MD: –0.50 –0.93; –0.08; I 2 = 86%) teeth have a lower dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. Patients with extrinsic black tooth stains have a lower dental caries experience in cross-sectional studies.
Abstract This study evaluated the association between religiosity and binge drinking in early adolescence. A cross-sectional study was conducted with adolescents aged 10-13 from Belo Horizonte, ...Brazil. Stratified random sampling was performed considering the administrative district and school year. Adolescents filled an AUDIT-C form, containing questions about religiosity and binge drinking by parents and their best friends. Adolescents’ caregivers answered a form regarding socioeconomic issues. Descriptive analysis, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression were performed. A total of 650 adolescents participated in the study. The frequency of binge drinking was 13.7%. In the adjusted model, religiosity was not associated with binge drinking. The covariates associated were the age of 12-13 years (OR: 1.94; CI95%: 1.06-3.56; p=0.030), maternal binge drinking (OR: 3.12; CI95%: 1.76-5.52; p<0.001) best friend binge drinking (OR: 6.01; CI95%: 3.40-10.62; p<0.001) and nonnuclear family (OR: 1.80; CI95%: 1.01-3.23; p=0.045). The findings revealed that, for binge drinking, the main factors that influenced this decision were the best friend and maternal binge drinking and family structure, although the adolescents claimed to be religious.
Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação entre religiosidade e binge drinking no início da adolescência. Um estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes de 10 a 13 anos de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Foi realizada uma amostragem aleatória estratificada considerando distrito administrativo e ano escolar. Os adolescentes preencheram um formulário com o AUDIT C, perguntas sobre religiosidade e perguntas sobre binge drinking pelos pais e melhor amigo. Um formulário sobre questões socioeconômicas foi respondido pelos responsáveis. Foi realizada análise descritiva, regressão logística univariada e multivariada. Participaram do estudo 650 adolescentes. A frequência de binge drinking foi de 13,7%. No modelo ajustado, a religiosidade não esteve associada ao binge drinking. As covariáveis associadas foram idade de 12-13 anos (OR: 1,94 IC95%: 1,06-3,56; p=0,030), binge drinking pela mãe (OR: 3,12; IC95%: 1,76-5,52; p<0,001) binge drinking pelo melhor amigo (OR: 6,01; IC95%: 3,40-10,62; p<0,001) e família não nuclear (OR: 1,80; IC95%: 1,01-3,23; p=0,045). Os achados revelaram que apesar dos adolescentes afirmarem serem religiosos, para o binge drinking, os principais fatores que influenciaram essa decisão foi o binge drinking pelo melhor amigo, mãe e família não nuclear.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors, oral conditions and the impact of OHRQoL as possible risk indicators related to the incidence of untreated dental ...caries in preschool children two years after an initial examination. A prospective longitudinal study was performed with a sample of 288 preschool children allocated to two groups at baseline (T0): caries free (n = 144) and with untreated dental caries (n = 144). Untreated dental caries was determined through clinical examinations performed by a calibrated dentist at T0 (Kappa > 0,89) and T1 (two years after the baseline) (Kappa > 0,91) using the dmft criteria. Parents/caregivers answered a socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) at T0 and T1. Mann-Whitney test and hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression models were used (95%CI, p < 0,05). The incidence of untreated dental caries was 41.3%. Low (RR = 1.63; 95%CI:1.18-2.26; p < 0.001) and high severity of untreated dental caries (RR = 1.92; 95%CI:1.36-2.72; p < 0.001), monthly household income less than two times the Brazilian minimum salary (RR = 1.79; 95%CI:1.04-3.25; p = 0.042) and overall B-ECOHIS score (RR = 1.03; 95%CI:1.02-1.05; p < 0.001) at T0 were risk indicators for the incidence of untreated dental caries among the preschool children. In conclusion, the incidence of untreated dental caries was high and the higher severity of untreated dental caries, the lower monthly income and the higher the B-ECOHIS score (indicating a negative impact on quality of life) were risk indicators to the developing of new lesions of untreated dental caries after 2 years.
Aim
To investigate the association between oral conditions and trouble sleeping among preschool children.
Subject and methods
A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with a ...representative sample of 837 children aged 3–5 years. Dental caries, traumatic dental injury (TDI) and malocclusion were determined through clinical examinations. The DMFT index and the classification proposed by Andreasen et al. (
2007
) were used to diagnose dental caries and TDI, respectively. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire about socioeconomic indicators, child’s oral health, child’s visits to the dentist and history of toothache. They were also questioned as to whether their children had trouble sleeping due to dental reasons (dependent variable). Descriptive analysis and hierarchically adjusted logistic regression models were used (
p
< 0.05, 95 % CI).
Results
Trouble sleeping was significantly more prevalent among children whose parents/caregivers perceived their child’s oral health to be poor (PR = 2.81; 95 % CI:1.26–6.30), those who had been to the dentist (PR = 3.02; 95 % CI:1.53–6.00), those with a history of toothache (PR = 23.75; 95 % CI:8.00–70.60), those with high severity of caries (six or more cavitated lesions; PR = 3.13; 95 % CI:1.16–8.42) and those with malocclusion (PR = 2.31; 95 % CI:1.08–5.00). No association was found between trouble sleeping and TDI.
Conclusion
Parents/caregivers’ perception of poor oral health status in their children, history of visit to dentist, history of toothache as well as the severity of dental caries and malocclusion were associated with trouble sleeping in preschool children.
Background
Oral diseases can negatively influence the quality of life causing harm in the development of routine activities, child development and their well‐being.
Aim
To investigate the impact of ...dental caries, malocclusion and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) on the oral health‐related quality of life of preschool children and their parents.
Design
A cross‐sectional study was carried out with 646 children aged 2–6 years in Diamantina, Brazil. Calibrated dental examiners performed the oral examinations. Parents answered the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B‐ECOHIS) and a questionnaire on socio‐economic indicators. Statistical analyses involved the chi‐square test and Poisson regression.
Results
Malocclusion and DDE did not cause a negative impact on the children's quality of life. Children with dental caries (PR: 1.92; 95%CI: 1.56–2.35) and those aged 5 (PR: 1.51; 95%CI: 1.13–2.02) and 6 years (PR: 1.51; 95%CI: 1.02–2.23) were more likely to have a negative quality of life impact on the total B‐ECOHIS.
Conclusions
Dental caries was associated with a negative impact on the quality of life of children. Malocclusion and DDE did not cause a negative impact on the children's quality of life. Older children had higher frequency of negative impact on OHRQoL.
The objective of this study was to evaluate prediction factors for failure to seek treatment following a traumatic dental injury (TDI) to primary teeth among preschool children in the city of Campina ...Grande, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 277 children 3 to 5 years of age, with TDI, enrolled in public and private preschools. Parents filled out a form addressing demographic data and whether or not they had sought treatment. Clinical examinations were performed by three dentists who had undergone a calibration exercise (Kappa: 0.85 to 0.90) for the evaluation of TDI. Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression models were constructed (α=5%). Enamel fracture was the most prevalent type of TDI (48.7%) and the upper central incisors were the most affected teeth (88.4%). The frequency of seeking dental treatment was low (9.7%). The following variables were associated with failure to seek treatment following TDI: a household income greater than one minimum wage (PR=1.170; 95%CI 1.018-1.341), parents/caregivers' perception of a child's oral health as poor (PR=1.100; 95%CI 1.026-1.176), and the non-perception of TDI by parents/caregivers (PR=1.250; 95%CI 1.142-1.360). In the present study, the frequency of seeking treatment following TDI was low, and parents/caregivers with a higher income, a poor perception of their child's oral health and a lack of awareness regarding the trauma were more likely to fail to seek treatment following TDI to primary teeth.
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