QCD color coherence phenomena, like angular ordering, can be studied by looking at jet fragmentation. As the jet is fragmenting, it is expected to go through two different phases. First, there is QCD ...branching that is calculable in perturbative QCD. Next, the produced partons hadronize in a non-perturbative way later in a hadronization process. The jet fragmentation can be studied using the method of two particle correlations. A useful observable is the jet transverse fragmentation momentum jT, which describes the angular width of the jet. In this contribution, a differential study will be presented in which separate jT components for branching and hadronization will be distinguished from the data measured by the ALICE experiment. The pTt dependence of the hadronization component 〈jT2〉 is found to be rather flat, which is consistent with universal hadronization assumption. However, the branching component shows slightly rising trend in pTt. The s=7 TeV pp and sNN=5.02 TeV p–Pb data give the same results within error bars, suggesting that this observable is not affected by cold nuclear matter effects in p–Pb collisions. The measured data will also be compared to the results obtained from PYTHIA8 simulations.
This article examines the impact of relative age at school entry on school performance, educational attainment and labour market outcomes later in life. We find that the advantages of maturity at ...school entry are short-lived with relative age having no impact on the years of formal education, adulthood earnings or employment. Our findings are consistent with the view that assumes modest maturity effects in countries where formal education begins late and there are no ability-differentiated learning groups at initial grades.
► Higher openness was associated with longer cumulative unemployment. ► Openness was related to increased number of unemployment spells. ► Unemployment at young ages might affect personality traits.
...This study contributes to the literature on how personality is related to labour market success by providing evidence on the relationship between personality traits and unemployment. After accounting for reverse causality and measurement error, our results suggest that higher openness was associated with increased cumulative unemployment at the prime working age. It seems that this connection occurs because individuals with higher openness enter into unemployment spells more frequently – not because their unemployment spells would be particularly long.
The purpose of the study was to screen potential boreal energy crops and crop residues for their suitability in methane production and to investigate the effect of harvest time on the methane ...production potential of different crops. The specific methane yields of crops, determined in 100–200
d methane potential assays, varied from 0.17 to 0.49
m
3
CH
4
kg
−1 VS
added (volatile solids added) and from 25 to 260
m
3
CH
4
t
ww
−1 (tonnes of wet weight). Jerusalem artichoke, timothy-clover grass and reed canary grass gave the highest potential methane yields of 2900–5400
m
3
CH
4
ha
−1, corresponding to a gross energy yield of 28–53
MWh
ha
−1 and ca. 40,000–60,000
km
ha
−1 in passenger car transport. The effect of harvest time on specific methane yields per VS of crops varied a lot, whereas the specific methane yields per t
ww increased with most crops as the crops matured.
Nickel–titanium shape memory alloy (NiTi) is a new suture material that is easy to handle, is strong, and biocompatible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the material properties and ...biomechanical behaviour of 150 µm and 200 µm NiTi wires in flexor tendon repair. Braided polyester (4-0 Ethibond®) was used as control. Fifty fresh-frozen porcine flexor tendons were repaired using the Pennington modification of the Kessler repair or a double Kessler technique. NiTi wires were stiffer and reached higher tensile strength compared to braided polyester suture. Repairs with 200 µm NiTi wire had a higher yield force, ultimate force and better resistance to gapping than 4-0 braided polyester repairs. Repairs made with 200 µm NiTi wire achieved higher stiffness and ultimate force than repairs made with 150 µm NiTi wire.
Each sound was presented for 6 s, and after the stimulus block a forced-choice response screen appeared, and the subjects had to judge whether there were more animate or inanimate sound clips during ...the block (an implicit emotion perception task). ...there are both efferent and afferent connections from the amygdala to auditory cortex (Yukie, 2002). ...the present data cannot differentiate whether amygdala predominantly modulates auditory cortex or the other way round.
While developing divertor remote handling maintenance systems at the Divertor Test Platform 2 facility, some risks and sensitivity points related to the Cassette Multifunctional Mover control system ...software were discovered and evaluated. The control system architecture has to simultaneously fulfill the demanding ITER remote handling requirements and to face new requirements being uncovered during the trials. Especially evolving non-functional requirements such as reliability and safety have an effect on the control system architecture as it is getting more mature. An evaluation of the implications from architectural decisions is necessary before implementation efforts, as an architecture left to develop without evaluation may lead to a dead end and therefore soaring development costs. After studying existing architecture analysis methods an analysis method was developed to gain confidence to carry out the proposed changes.
Results of CMM standalone tests at DTP2 Saarinen, Hannu; Kivelä, T.; Zhai, L. ...
Fusion engineering and design,
10/2011, Letnik:
86, Številka:
9
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
A full scale physical test facility, DTP2 (Divertor Test Platform 2) has been established in Finland for demonstrating and refining the Remote Handling (RH) equipment designs for ITER. The first ...prototype RH equipment at DTP2 is the Cassette Multifunctional Mover (CMM) equipped with the Second Cassette End Effector (SCEE) delivered to DTP2 in October 2008. The purpose is to prove that CMM/SCEE prototype can be used successfully for the 2nd cassette RH operations. At the end of F4E grant “DTP2 test facility operation and upgrade preparation”, the RH operations of the 2nd cassette were successfully demonstrated to the representatives of Fusion for Energy (F4E).
During the grant the High Level Control (HLC) software developed at DTP2 was integrated with the CMM/SCEE hardware. The performance criteria of the CMM/SCEE equipment were defined based on the ‘EN ISO 9283 Manipulating industrial robots – Performance criteria and related test methods’ standard. Considerable improvement to the performance was achieved with the aid of compensation functions, which took into account the deflections and the compliance effects caused by the Divertor Cassette weighting 9000
kg. According to measurements the positioning error at the furthest point of the cassette was reduced from 80
mm to 5
mm.
So far the 2nd cassette mock-up has been installed and removed already some tens of times. The reliability of the HLC software is sufficient to operate the CMM/SCEE all day without interruptions. Also the execution of the automatic RH processes with the overall RH system is reliable and repeatable in terms of accuracy and cycle time.
These experiments provide a solid basis for investigating the RH system ability to perform fail-safe operations in various failure scenarios and to recover from them. The target of the continuing R&D is to find out a more complete set of functional and non-functional requirements for the RH system for Divertor Cassette maintenance to ensure an adequate level of requirements and procedures for ITER.
PDF
