Aims and objectives
To synthesise evidence regarding vaccination intention, identify factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy among healthcare professionals and the general populations globally.
...Background
As COVID‐19 vaccine becomes available worldwide, attention is being directed to community vaccine uptake, to achieve population‐wide immunity. A number of factors have been reported to influence vaccine intention.
Methods
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search of COVID‐19 vaccination intention related literature published on or before 31 December 2020 from seven databases was undertaken.
Results
Thirty articles were included in this systematic review. Overall COVID‐19 vaccination intention during the first year of the pandemic ranged from 27.7% to 93.3%. Findings highlighted that socio‐demographic differences, perceptions of risk and susceptibility to COVID‐19 and vaccine attributes influenced vaccination intention. Healthcare professionals particularly, nurses have higher vaccine hesitancy reportedly due to concerns regarding vaccine safety and efficacy and mistrust of health authorities. Negative information about COVID‐19 vaccines in the social media and low confidence in the health system were associated with lower acceptability among the community. Interestingly, cumulative increase in COVID‐19 caseloads of countries over time was not associated with vaccination intention.
Conclusions
The significant variability in vaccine intention rates worldwide would hamper efforts to achieve immunity against COVID‐19. Nurses’ concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy need to be addressed to increase vaccine acceptance and maximise their influence on vaccination decision in the community. As misinformation through social media negatively impacts vaccination uptake, authoritative and reliable information on vaccine attributes, disease risks and vaccination benefits are needed.
Relevance to clinical practice
Concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy including misinformation are important contributors to vaccine hesitancy. Addressing these factors, particularly among nurses who are considered trusted influencers of vaccination decisions in the community is an important strategy for pandemic preparedness.
Early childhood caries is the most common chronic childhood disease worldwide. Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are twice more likely to develop dental decay, and ...contributing factors include poor maternal oral health and underutilisation of dental services. Globally, Indigenous health workers are in a unique position to deliver culturally competent oral healthcare because they have a contextual understanding of the needs of the community.
This scoping review aimed to identify the role of Indigenous health workers in promoting maternal oral health globally. A systematic search was undertaken of six electronic databases for relevant published literature and grey literature, and expanded to include non-dental health professionals and other Indigenous populations across the lifespan when limited studies were identified.
Twenty-two papers met the inclusion criteria, focussing on the role of Indigenous health workers in maternal oral healthcare, types of oral health training programs and screening tools to evaluate program effectiveness. There was a paucity of peer-reviewed evidence on the role of Indigenous health workers in promoting maternal oral health, with most studies focusing on other non-dental health professionals. Nevertheless, there were reports of Indigenous health workers supporting oral health in early childhood. Although some oral health screening tools and training programs were identified for non-dental health professionals during the antenatal period, no specific screening tool has been developed for use by Indigenous health workers.
While the role of health workers from Indigenous communities in promoting maternal oral health is yet to be clearly defined, they have the potential to play a crucial role in 'driving' screening and education of maternal oral health especially when there is adequate organisational support, warranting further research.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Guideline implementation has been an ongoing challenge in the dental practice setting. Despite this, there are no reviews summarising the existing evidence regarding effective guideline ...implementation strategies in this setting. In order to address this, this systematic review examines the effectiveness of guideline implementation strategies in the dental practice setting.
A systematic search was undertaken according to the PRISMA statement across nine electronic databases, targeting randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies which evaluated the effectiveness of guideline implementation strategies in improving guideline adherence in the dental setting. All records were independently examined for relevance and appraised for study quality by two authors, with consensus achieved by a third author. Data were extracted from included studies using a standardised data extraction pro forma.
A total of 15 records were eligible for inclusion in this review, which focused on the effects of audit and feedback, reminders, education, patient-mediated interventions, pay for performance and multifaceted interventions. Although there were some conflicting evidence, studies within each category of implementation strategy indicated a positive effect on guideline adherence.
This study has identified education, reminders and multifaceted interventions as effective implementation strategies for the dental practice setting. Although this is similar to research findings from other health sectors, there is some evidence to suggest patient-mediated interventions may be less effective and pay for performance may be more effective in the dental setting. These findings can inform policy makers, professional associations, colleges and organisations in the future adoption of clinical guidelines in the dental practice setting.
This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration ID CRD42018093023.
Background:
Oral health problems are common, but often overlooked, among people receiving palliative care.
Aim:
To better understand how oral health can be addressed in this population, this study ...aimed to explore the perceptions of oral health care among medical practitioners who provide palliative care to inform the development of a palliative oral health care program.
Design:
A descriptive qualitative design was adopted.
Setting/participants:
A single focus group was conducted with 18 medical practitioners at a palliative care facility in Sydney, Australia. All participants had experience providing palliative care services to clients. The focus group was audio recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.
Results:
The results from the inductive thematic analysis identified four themes. The themes highlighted that participants were aware of the oral health needs of people receiving palliative care; however, they also reflected on the complexity in delivering oral health care across the healthcare settings, as well as the challenges around cost, lack of appropriate dental referral pathways, time constraints and limited awareness. Participants also provided recommendations to improve the delivery of oral health care to individuals receiving palliative care.
Conclusions:
To improve the provision of oral health care in this population, this study highlighted the need for oral health training across the multidisciplinary team, standardised screening assessments and referrals, a collective responsibility across the board and exploring the potential for teledentistry to support oral health care provision.
Aims and objectives
To explore the experiences of food choice and meal service in residential aged care facilities and its impact on autonomy, self‐determination and quality of life from the ...perspectives of both residents and staff.
Background
Globally, residential aged care is a principal provider of care for older people who can no longer live independently at home. Within this setting, lack of food choice has been identified as a significant factor impacting on residents' self‐determination, sense of autonomy and quality of life.
Design
This study used an exploratory descriptive qualitative approach guided by self‐determination theory.
Method
A total of 14 participants (seven residents and seven staff members) from two Australian residential aged care facilities were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling with assistance from one independent contact nurse at each facility. In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted, digitally recorded and transcribed. The COREQ checklist was used in this qualitative study.
Results
Three main themes were identified from the interview data provided by residents and staff, which were as follows: (a) catering for the masses; (b) organisational barriers to providing choice; and (c) food impacts well‐being.
Conclusions
This study explored the experiences of food choice and service in residential aged care facilities, from the perspectives of both residents and staff. Results of interviews highlighted the importance of providing adequate food choice which has become an enduring issue that requires more attention and commitment to make a positive change for residents living in residential aged care facilities.
Relevance to clinical practice
Nurses and other staff working in residential aged care facilities need to be aware of the importance of providing adequate food choice, including for residents who require modified diets. As advocates for residents, nursing staff must address the persistent lack of food choice. However, this will require a radical change in organisational culture and strong leadership.
Background:
Maintaining good oral health remains a challenge among those hospitalised after stroke. Stroke nurses and allied health clinicians have a potential role in providing oral care, but no ...studies in Australia to date have explored their perceptions and needs.
Aims:
To explore the perspectives of nursing and allied health stroke clinicians regarding oral care for stroke patients across acute care and stroke rehabilitation settings.
Methods:
This study followed an exploratory qualitative design, using a constructivist approach. Participants from two metropolitan public hospitals were purposively recruited to participate in focus groups. Data was thematically analysed.
Results:
Twenty-one clinicians participated. Clinicians’ knowledge and practices relating to oral healthcare for stroke patients were inadequate. Most staff felt they did not have adequate knowledge, resources and training to administer oral care in this setting and proposed enhancing education of stroke clinicians, patients and informal caregivers, as well as improving quality point of care resources. There was overall support for the integrated dental care after stroke model of care.
Discussion:
This study revealed many gaps in current care and highlighted areas for improvement. Patients and their caregivers needed to be actively engaged as partners to improve oral healthcare within acute and rehabilitation stroke settings.
Conclusion:
This study provided insight into nurses’ and allied health stroke clinicians’ current knowledge and practices of oral care in various stroke settings. The findings from this study will inform development of a model of care to train stroke nurses in providing oral care.
Oral care is a fundamental nurse-led intervention in the critical care setting that provides patient comfort and prevents adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. To date, there has been minimal ...focus on nurse-focused interventions to improve adherence to oral care regimens in the adult intensive care unit setting.
The objectives of this study were to (i) identify types and characteristics of interventions to improve oral care adherence amongst critical care nurses and intervention core components, (ii) evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to improve adherence of oral care regimens, and (iii) identify the types of outcome measures used to assess oral care regimen adherence.
This is a systematic review in alignment with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.
Key bibliographic databases and platforms, including Scopus, Cochrane, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and Web of Science, were searched for studies published before July 2020. The Joanna Briggs Institute's quality appraisal tool was used to assess risk of bias in included studies.
Results: A total of 21 original research studies were identified, of which 18 studies used multifaceted interventions. In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute's quality appraisal tools, four of the 20 quasi-experimental studies were rated as high quality. The one randomised control trial was of moderate quality. Outcome measures included oral care adherence behaviours, oral care knowledge, self-reported adherence, and documentation. Improved effectiveness in oral care adherence was reported in 20 studies.
Review findings confirm interventions to change behaviours improve oral care adherence. The most effective interventional approach could not be determined owing to heterogeneity in intervention design and outcome measures. Oral care in the intensive care unit is a vital, nurse-led activity that reduces the risk of hospital-acquired infection. It is recommended that future research adopt implementation science methods to ensure stakeholder engagement and feasibility.
This review was submitted and subsequently registered on PROSPERO, the International Perspective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019123142.
During a pandemic, dentists face enormous challenges due to restrictions placed on their practice and the need to comply with biosafety measures. This study aimed to explore the impact of the ...COVID-19 pandemic and infection control measures on dentists and their practice in Jordan and the global implications for other primary healthcare workers. A qualitative exploratory study employing face-to-face or telephone interviews, was conducted with ten dentists from the 9
May to 20
September 2020. An inductive thematic approach to analysis was used identifying three themes, each with two accompanying subthemes: (1) Response to COVID-19 pandemic: (1a) Government response and (1b) People's response; (2) The effects of the pandemic and response measures: (2a) Impact on work and practice and (2b) Impact on personal and social life; (3) The unanticipated gains: (3a) Altruism and (3b) Leadership and change. Stringent infection control measures were implemented to slow the spread of the virus, however limited government support made implementation unsustainable and caused financial hardship. Lack of clear guidelines, changes in practice, social distancing measures, and altered social interactions, adversely impacted daily life, triggering mental distress. Misinformation influenced response to COVID safety measures. Despite the negatives, working during the pandemic reaffirmed dental professionals' roles and purpose, with strong leadership boosting morale. Education, adequate biosafety resources and clear guidelines or policies to support and sustain stringent infection control procedures are crucial in ensuring that measures are implemented to meet the safety requirements of the pandemic response. Promoting the well-being of the healthcare workforce is equally important. Finally, altruism and strong leadership among healthcare workers can contribute to a meaningful and humane pandemic response.
Refugee youth living in Arab countries have disproportionately higher rates of depression due to the effects of displacement and trauma which makes screening a priority for early intervention. The ...Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ‐A) is a reliable and valid scale to assess mental health issues, but its psychometric properties in Arabic refugee populations are unknown. This was a cross‐sectional study conducted between March and Mid‐April 2018, among Arabic refugee adolescents aged 13–18 years living in the Baqa'a United Nations Relief and Works Agency refugee camp in Jordan, to generate an Arabic‐language version of the questionnaire and to test its psychometric properties among adolescent refugees. Five hundred and ninety‐one adolescents completed the PHQ‐A in Arabic. Using SPSS and AMOS version 25, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was computed to assess construct validity and instrument reliability. Multivariate logistic regression analyses assessed the discriminant validity of the PHQ‐A. Although exploratory factor analysis identified the nine items from the original version and explained only 37% of the variance, confirmatory factor analysis supported the one‐factor structure of the PHQ‐A. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.82 and ranged from 0.79 to 0.81 for each item. The Arabic translated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents showed acceptable psychometric properties for use as a screening tool for depression in Arabic adolescent refugees.
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many changes, including restrictions on indoor gatherings and visitation to residential aged care facilities, hospitals and certain communities. Coupled with ...potential restrictions imposed by health services and academic institutions, these changes may significantly impact the conduct of population health research. However, the continuance of population health research is beneficial for the provision of health services and sometimes imperative. This paper discusses the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the conduct of population health research. This discussion unveils important ethical considerations, as well as potential impacts on recruitment methods, face-to-face data collection, data quality and validity. In addition, this paper explores potential recruitment and data collection methods that could replace face-to-face methods. The discussion is accompanied by reflections on the challenges experienced by the authors in their own research at an oral health service during the COVID-19 pandemic and alternative methods that were utilised in place of face-to-face methods. This paper concludes that, although COVID-19 presents challenges to the conduct of population health research, there is a range of alternative methods to face-to-face recruitment and data collection. These alternative methods should be considered in light of project aims to ensure data quality is not compromised.
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