Cet article veut dégager une tendance du théâtre actuel, caractérisée par la polysémie et la dimension fictionnelle, dont la complexité se détache des formes d'écriture dramatique les plus ...accessibles, sans pour autant paraître hermétique. Les principes dramaturgiques sont ainsi considérés dans leurs liens avec le contexte historique, auquel ils peuvent emprunter certaines fonctions. Des formes variables du théâtre postdramatique ont pu, dans la période qui a précédé la fin de la Guerre froide, contribuer à diversifier et à rendre plurielles les représentations établies du monde dans les sociétés de stagnation, tandis que le néo-réalisme des années 1990 contribuait, lui, à forger une image du monde neuve et consensuelle, qui renvoyait dans un premier temps à des représentations ponctuelles et limitées de la vie. Ce n'est que depuis la relative stabilisation de la société que des rapports historico-politiques et sociaux plus complexes peuvent être traités dans des textes de structure complexe, perçus comme tels dans leurs diverses interprétations. Des œuvres de Roland Schimmelpfennig, Ulrike Syha et Theresia Walser illustreront à différents niveaux cette complexification qui contribue à leur polysémie et à leur poéticité.
Im Jahr 2006 erschienen zwei sehr erfolgreiche deutschsprachige Romane von Autoren mit Migrationshintergrund: Der Weltensammler von Ilija Trojanow und Wie der Soldat das Grammofon repariert von Saša ...Stanišić. Beide Romane beschäftigen sich mit der Problematik der kulturellen Identität. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird kurz dargestellt und verglichen, auf welche Weise sie sich mit der Opposition zwischen dem Fremden und dem Eigenen auseinandersetzen und welche Möglichkeiten des Umgangs mit dieser Opposition sie einräumen. Trotz zahlreicher Unterschiede kann für beide Romane festgestellt werden, dass sie den Kern der modernen Identitätsproblematik in einem Überfluss von Identitätszuweisungen vermuten. Die Helden beider Romane suchen einen Ausweg aus der Beengtheit dieser Zuweisungen, indem sie ihnen erfundene Identitäten entgegenhalten.
The constitutive proteasome and the immunoproteasome represent validated targets for pharmacological intervention in the context of various diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune ...diseases. The development of novel chemical scaffolds of non-peptidic nature, capable of inhibiting different catalytically active subunits of both isoforms, is a viable approach against these diseases. Such compounds are also useful as leads for the development of biochemical probes that enable the studies of the roles of both isoforms in various biological contexts. Here, we present a ligand-based computational design of (immuno)proteasome inhibitors, which resulted in the amino-substituted
-arylpiperidine-based compounds that can inhibit different subunits of the (immuno)proteasome in the low micromolar range. The compounds represent a useful starting point for further structure-activity relationship studies that will, hopefully, lead to non-peptidic compounds that could be used in pharmacological and biochemical studies of both proteasomes.
The objectives of this study were to assess cancer stem cell-related marker NANOG expression in ovarian serous tumors and to evaluate its prognostic significance in relation to ovarian serous ...carcinoma.
NANOG protein expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in the ovarian tissue microarrays of 20 patients with benign ovarian serous tumors, 30 patients with borderline ovarian serous tumors, and 109 patients with ovarian serous carcinomas, from which 106 were of high-grade and 3 of low-grade morphology Immunohistochemical reaction was scored according to signal intensity and the percentage of positive cells in tumor samples. Pursuant to our summation of signal intensity and positive cell occurrence, we divided our samples into 4 groups: NANOG-negative, NANOG-slightly positive, NANOG-moderately positive, and NANOG-strongly positive group. Complete clinical data were obtained for the ovarian serous carcinoma group, and correlation between clinical data and NANOG expression was analyzed.
A specific brown nuclear, or cytoplasmic reaction, was considered a positive NANOG staining. In terms of the ovarian serous carcinoma group, 69.7% were NANOG positive, 22.9% slightly positive, 22.9% moderately positive, and 23.9% strongly positive. All NANOG-positive cases were of high-grade morphology. Benign and borderline tumors and low-grade serous carcinomas were NANOG negative. There was no significant correlation between NANOG expression and clinical parameters in terms of the ovarian serous carcinoma group.
Positive NANOG expression is significantly associated with high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma and is absent in benign, borderline, and low-grade serous lesions. In our study, there was no correlation between NANOG expression and clinical parameters, including its use in the prognosis of ovarian serous carcinoma.
A population of small stem cells with diameters of up to 5 μm resembling very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) were sorted from human embryonic stem cell (hESC) cultures using ...magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) based on the expression of a stem-cell-related marker prominin-1 (CD133). These VSEL-like stem cells had nuclei that almost filled the whole cell volume and expressed stem-cell-related markers (CD133, SSEA-4) and markers of germinal lineage (DDX4/VASA, PRDM14). They were comparable to similar populations of small stem cells sorted from cell cultures of normal ovaries and were the predominant cells in ascites of recurrent ovarian cancer. The sorted populations of CD133+ VSEL-like stem cells were quiescent in vitro, except for ascites, and were highly activated after exposure to valproic acid and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), indicating a new tool to study these cells in vitro. These VSEL-like stem cells spontaneously formed clusters resembling tumour-like structures or grew into larger, oocyte-like cells and were differentiated in vitro into adipogenic, osteogenic and neural lineages after sorting. We propose the population of VSEL-like stem cells from hESC cultures as potential original embryonic stem cells, which are present in the human embryo, persist in adult human ovaries from the embryonic period of life and are involved in cancer manifestation.
In previous studies it has been found that in cell cultures of human adult ovaries there is a population of small stem cells with diameters of 2-4 μm, which are present mainly in the ovarian surface ...epithelium and are comparable to very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) from bone marrow. These cells are not observed by histopathologists in the ovarian tissue due to their small size and unknown clinical significance. Because these cells express a degree of pluripotency, they might be involved in the manifestation of ovarian cancer. Therefore we studied the ovarian tissue sections in women with borderline ovarian cancer and serous ovarian carcinoma to perhaps identify the small putative stem cells in situ.
In 27 women with borderline ovarian cancer and 20 women with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma the ovarian tissue sections were stained, per standard practice, with eosin and hematoxylin staining and on NANOG, SSEA-4 and SOX2 markers, related to pluripotency, using immunohistochemistry. We focused on the presence and localization of small putative stem cells with diameters of up to 5 μm and with the nuclei spread over nearly the full cell volume.
In ovarian sections of both borderline ovarian cancer and serous ovarian carcinoma patients we were able to identify the presence of small round cells complying with the above criteria. Some of these small cells were NANOG-positive, were located among epithelial cells in the ovarian surface epithelium and as a single cell or groups of cells/clusters in typical "chambers", were found only in the presence of ovarian cancer and not in healthy ovaries and are comparable to those in fetal ovaries. We envision that these small cells could be related to NANOG-positive tumor-like structures and oocyte-like cells in similar "chambers" found in sections of cancerous ovaries, which could support their stemness and pluripotency. Further immunohistochemistry revealed a similar population of SSEA-4 and SOX2-positive cells.
We may conclude that putative small stem cells expressing markers, related to pluripotency, are present in the ovarian tissue sections of women with borderline ovarian cancer and high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma thus indicating their potential involvement in ovarian cancer.
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