Parking search is a highly relevant problem in many cities. Parking Guidance and Information (PGI) systems support drivers by recommending locations and routes with higher chance to find parking. ...However, the relevance of such systems for on-street parking spaces is barely studied. In this paper, we investigate the consequences of providing the drivers with different levels of parking information to the search. Based on real on-street parking data, we investigated the scenario in which a driver does not find a parking space at the destination and has to decide on the next road to go, given three possible kinds of contextual information: (I) No parking information; (II) static information about the capacity of a road segment and (temporary) parking limitations; (III) real-time information collected from stationary sensors. Clearly the latter has strong implications in terms of deployment and operational costs. These scenarios lead to three different guidance strategies for a PGI system. We conducted empirical experiments on real data from San Francisco and on an artificially altered version of that dataset, to simulate a more competitive parking scenario. Results show that there is a significant reduction of parking search with more informed strategies, and that the use of realtime information offers only a limited improvement over static one. Only in presence of very limited parking availabilities, real-time data becomes more beneficial.
A new method to study a possible temporal correlation between hundreds of keV Van Allen Belt electrons and strong earthquakes is proposed. It consists in measuring the electrons pitch angle ...distribution (PAD), searching for PAD disturbances, and studying the time correlation between these PAD disturbances and strong earthquakes, occurring within a defined time window. The method was applied to measurements of energetic electrons, which were performed with the Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (ECT)-MagEIS detector on board the Van Allen Probes (VAPs) mission and strong continental earthquakes, with magnitude M
5.0 and hypocenter depth
100 km. We report the correlation studies for electrons with energies of about 350 keV, with which a 3.84 standard deviations correlation peak was found at
hour time bin, and about 450 keV with which no correlation peaks above 2.0 standard deviations were found. Our work proves the feasibility of the proposed method and the obtained results add useful and additional information with respect to past studies.
Parking Guidance and Information (PGI) solutions are a type of Intelligent Transportation System aimed at helping drivers by suggesting routes leading to facilities with higher parking availability. ...Current PGIs are mainly limited to multi-storey car parks, where this availability information can be easily collected. On the other hand, monitoring on-street parking availability is a challenge, requiring very expensive sensor deployments. The actual benefits of such investments to provide up-to-date on-street parking availability data for PGIs has been barely studied.To fill this gap, in this paper, we present the results of an investigation on the influence of three different types of on-street parking information on urban mobility. Based on real on-street parking data from San Francisco (USA), we investigated the scenario where a PGI has to support a driver who has not found an on-street parking space at his/her destination, and has to decide on the next road to go. We compared four scenarios for the PGI guidance, based on: (I) actual parking availability information, collected from stationary sensors, (II) static information about the parking capacity of a road segment and (temporary) parking limitations, (III) static information about only parking limitations, and (IV) no information at all. Clearly these solutions have strong implications in terms of deployment and operational costs. Results show that there is a significant reduction of parking search with more informed strategies, but also that the use of real-time information makes sense only presence of limited parking availabilities. Indeed, whenever the parking dynamics are not very competitive, real-time data offers only a limited improvement over static one.
CSES (China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a mission developed by CNSA (Chinese National Space Administration) and ASI (Italian Space Agency), to investigate the near-Earth electromagnetic, ...plasma and particle environment, for studying the seismo-associated disturbances in the ionosphere-magnetosphere transition zone. The anthropogenic and electromagnetic noise, as well as the natural non-seismic electromagnetic emissions is mainly due to tropospheric activity. In particular, the mission aims to confirming the existence of possible temporal correlations between the occurrence of earthquakes for medium and strong magnitude and the observation in space of electromagnetic perturbations, plasma variations and precipitation of bursts with high-energy charged particles from the inner Van Allen belt. In this framework, the high energy particle detector (HEPD) of the CSES mission has been developed by the Italian LIMADOU Collaboration. HEPD is an advanced detector based on a tower of scintillators and a silicon tracker that provides good energy and angular resolution and a wide angular acceptance, for electrons of 3–100 MeV, protons of 30–200 MeV and light nuclei up to the oxygen. CSES satellite has been launched on February 2
nd
, 2018 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (China).
The incidence of anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia is between 1:5000 and 1:25000 and it is one of the few causes of mortality directly related to general anesthesia. The most important ...requirements in the treatment of this clinical condition are early diagnosis and maintenance of vital organ perfusion. Epinephrine administration is generally considered as the first line treatment of anaphylactic reactions. However, recently, new pharmacological approaches have been described in the treatment of different forms of vasoplegic shock.
We describe the case of a child who was undergoing surgery for ventricular septal defect, with an anaphylactic reaction to heparin that was refractory to epinephrine infusion and was effectively treated by low dose vasopressin infusion.
In case of anaphylactic shock, continuous infusion of low-dose vasopressin might be considered after inadequate response to epinephrine, fluid resuscitation and corticosteroid administration.
The China Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) space mission—also known as Limadou in Italian—is a scientific collaboration between China and Italy that aims to investigate the structure and ...dynamics of the iono/magnetosphere, and in particular to study the possible correlation of perturbations to the occurrence of high‐magnitude seismic events. The Chinese satellite houses the Italian high‐energy particle detector (HEPD), an apparatus composed of a silicon tracker and a calorimeter system, which detects electrons and protons in the energy ranges 3–100 and 30–200 MeV, respectively. The satellite was launched on February 2, 2018; after a commissioning phase dedicated to the setting of an optimal configuration, HEPD is fully operational since July 28, 2018. After a general overview of the CSES‐Limadou mission, this article presents the structure of the HEPD apparatus and describes the design and implementation of the software for the embedded computer system that is responsible for HEPD management. The onboard software runs on the digital signal processors of two electronic boards (CPU and data acquisition), monitors system status, handles instrument data acquisition, performs periodic calibration of the subdetectors, performs data compression, and communicates with the satellite. An overview of HEPD in‐flight operations and performance is given in the last section.
In this work we present the High‐Energy Particle Detector (HEPD‐01) observations of proton fluxes from space during the 28 October 2021 solar energetic particle event, which produced a ground‐level ...enhancement on Earth. The event was associated with the major, long‐duration X1‐class flare and the concomitant coronal mass ejection (CME) that erupted from the Active Region 12887. This is the first direct measurement from space of solar particles emitted during the current solar cycle, recorded by a single instrument in the energy range from ∼50 MeV/n up to ∼250 MeV/n. We have performed a Weibull‐modeled spectral analysis of the energy spectrum in the wide energy range 300 keV–250 MeV, obtained from combination of HEPD‐01 proton measurements with the ones from ACE/ULEIS, SOHO/EPHIN, and SOHO/ERNE. The good agreement between data and model, also corroborated by a comparison with other spectral shapes commonly used in these studies, suggests that particles could have possibly been accelerated out from the ambient corona through the contribution of stochastic acceleration at the CME‐driven shock, even if the presence of seed populations influencing spectral shape could not be excluded. Finally, a Solar Proton Release time of 16:01 UTC ± 13 min and a magnetic path‐length of L = 1.32 ± 0.24 AU have been obtained, in agreement with previous results for this event. We remark that new and precise data on protons in the tens/hundreds MeV energy range—like the one provided by HEPD‐01—could shed more light on particle acceleration as well as provide a reliable parametrization of solar energetic particle spectra for Space Weather purposes.
Plain Language Summary
In this work we present the observation from space of protons emitted by the Sun during the 28 October 2021 solar event. This event was particularly strong and it was even registered at Earth by instruments called Neutron Monitors. Such highly energetic phenomena are rather rare and they can give a lot of information on particle acceleration and propagation from Sun to Earth. By using data from various spacecrafts, like High‐Energy Particle Detector, we were able to address some characteristics of this event, like its duration, the most probable mechanism that accelerate particles, the path traveled by such particles, as well as to constrain the time in which they are accelerated.
Key Points
High‐Energy Particle Detector (HEPD‐01) measurements of solar protons (50–250 MeV) emitted during the first ground‐level enhancement of solar cycle 25
Spectral analysis conducted on a energy‐extended, time‐integrated proton spectrum using also ACE, ERNE, and EPHIN data
Time‐of‐arrival analysis in good agreement with the literature and highlights the central role of HEPD‐01 at energies around hundreds of MeV
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