Abstract Objective Current evidence regarding the association between psychopathology and subclinical atherosclerosis show inconsistent results. The present study examined whether subclinical ...atherosclerosis was more prevalent in a large cohort of persons with depressive or anxiety disorders as compared to non-depressed and non-anxious controls. Methods Baseline data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety were used, including 2717 persons, free of clinical cardiovascular disease. Participants had a DSM-IV -based current or remitted depressive (major depressive disorder, dysthymia) or anxiety (social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia) disorder ( n =2115) or were healthy controls ( n =602). Additional clinical characteristics (severity, duration, age of onset and medication) were assessed. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was used as a measure of vascular risk and was categorized as low (≤0.90) and mildly low ABI (0.90–1.11) indicating subclinical atherosclerosis, and high ABI (>1.40), which was previously designated as a cardiovascular risk factor, reflecting arterial stiffness and wall calcification. Results As compared to normal controls, persons with current (i.e., past year) depressive, anxiety or comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders showed a two- to threefold increased odds of low ABI (OR=2.78, 95% CI=1.05–7.35; OR=3.14, 95% CI=1.25–7.85; OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.09–6.51, respectively). No associations were found with mildly low or high ABI. Also, we did not further find a differential role for symptoms severity, duration, age of onset, and use of psychotropic medication in the link between psychopathology and subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusion Persons with current depressive or anxiety disorders were more likely to have subclinical atherosclerosis compared to healthy controls.
It has been hypothesized that cellular damage caused by oxidative stress is associated with late-life depression but epidemiological evidence is limited. In the present study we evaluated the ...association between urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-iso-PGF2 alpha ), a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, and depressed mood in a large sample of community-dwelling older adults. Participants were selected from the Health, Aging and Body Composition study, a community-based longitudinal study of older persons (aged 70-79 years). The present analyses was based on a subsample of 1027 men and 948 women free of mobility disability. Urinary concentration of 8-iso-PGF2 alpha was measured by radioimmunoassay methods and adjusted for urinary creatinine. Depressed mood was defined as a score greater than 5 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale and/or use of antidepressant medications. Depressed mood was present in 3.0% of men and 5.5% of women. Depressed men presented higher urinary concentrations of 8-iso-PGF2 alpha than non-depressed men even after adjustment for multiple sociodemographic, lifestyle and health factors (p = 0.03, Cohen's d = 0.30). This association was not present in women (depressed status-by-sex interaction p = 0.04). Our study showed that oxidative damage may be linked to depression in older men from a large sample of the general population. Further studies are needed to explore whether the modulation of oxidative stress may break down the link between late-life depression and its deleterious health consequences.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects the health of millions of people worldwide. The identification of genetic determinants associated with changes in glycemia over time might illuminate biological features ...that precede the development of T2D. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study of longitudinal fasting glucose changes in up to 13,807 non-diabetic individuals of European descent from nine cohorts. Fasting glucose change over time was defined as the slope of the line defined by multiple fasting glucose measurements obtained over up to 14 years of observation. We tested for associations of genetic variants with inverse-normal transformed fasting glucose change over time adjusting for age at baseline, sex, and principal components of genetic variation. We found no genome-wide significant association (P < 5 x 10(-8)) with fasting glucose change over time. Seven loci previously associated with T2D, fasting glucose or HbA1c were nominally (P < 0.05) associated with fasting glucose change over time. Limited power influences unambiguous interpretation, but these data suggest that genetic effects on fasting glucose change over time are likely to be small. A public version of the data provides a genomic resource to combine with future studies to evaluate shared genetic links with T2D and other metabolic risk traits.
Aging and Behavioral Medicine Penninx, Brenda W.J.H.; Vogelzangs, Nicole
Handbook of Behavioral Medicine
Book Chapter
The proportion of older persons in the Western society is growing gradually, which stresses the importance of studying the effects of behavioral factors on health during aging. During aging, changes ...in behavioral factors (social function, psychological function, and lifestyle behaviors) occur and some aging-specific circumstances (e.g., retirement, widowhood) arise. Although the health effects of some behavioral factors appear relatively smaller in older than in younger age, there is no doubt that the vast majority of behavioral factors continue to impact on health among the oldest old. Besides effects on general health outcomes such as mortality and morbidity patterns, behavioral factors have important impact on specific aging-related health outcomes such as physical function decline, frailty, and cognitive decline. When examining or interpreting behavioral medicine in the older population, several specific considerations – selective survival, somatic confounding, and the potentially differential role of physiological stress mechanisms – have to be kept in mind.
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