From integral field data we extract the optical spectra of 20 shocked clouds in the supernova remnant N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Using self-consistent shock modeling, we derive the ...shock velocity, pre-shock cloud density, and shock ram pressure in these clouds. We show that the Fe x and Fe xiv emission arises in faster, partially radiative shocks moving through the lower-density gas near the periphery of the clouds. In these shocks dust has been effectively destroyed, while in the slower cloud shocks the dust destruction is incomplete until the recombination zone of the shock has been reached. These dense interstellar clouds provide a sampling of the general interstellar medium (ISM) of the LMC. Our shock analysis allows us to make a new determination of the ISM chemical composition in N, O, Ne, S, Cl, and Ar, and to obtain accurate estimates of the fraction of refractory grains destroyed. From the derived cloud shock parameters, we estimate cloud masses and show that the clouds previously existed as typical self-gravitating Bonnor-Ebert spheres into which converging cloud shocks are now being driven.
Nature-based tourism has the potential to enhance global biodiversity conservation by providing alternative livelihood strategies for local people, which may alleviate poverty in and around protected ...areas. Despite the popularity of the concept of nature-based tourism as an integrated conservation and development tool, empirical research on its actual socioeconomic benefits, on the distributional pattern of these benefits, and on its direct driving factors is lacking, because relevant long-term data are rarely available. In a multi-year study in Wolong Nature Reserve, China, we followed a representative sample of 220 local households from 1999 to 2007 to investigate the diverse benefits that these households received from recent development of nature-based tourism in the area. Within eight years, the number of households directly participating in tourism activities increased from nine to sixty. In addition, about two-thirds of the other households received indirect financial benefits from tourism. We constructed an empirical household economic model to identify the factors that led to household-level participation in tourism. The results reveal the effects of local households' livelihood assets (i.e., financial, human, natural, physical, and social capitals) on the likelihood to participate directly in tourism. In general, households with greater financial (e.g., income), physical (e.g., access to key tourism sites), human (e.g., education), and social (e.g., kinship with local government officials) capitals and less natural capital (e.g., cropland) were more likely to participate in tourism activities. We found that residents in households participating in tourism tended to perceive more non-financial benefits in addition to more negative environmental impacts of tourism compared with households not participating in tourism. These findings suggest that socioeconomic impact analysis and change monitoring should be included in nature-based tourism management systems for long-term sustainability of protected areas.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A
bstract
We present the first determination of Higgs-boson decay to hadrons at the next-to-next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order of perturbative QCD in the limit of a heavy top quark and massless ...light flavours. This result has been obtained by computing the absorptive parts of the relevant five-loop self-energy for a general gauge group and combining the outcome with the corresponding coefficient function already known to this order in QCD. Our new result reduces the uncertainty due to the truncation of the perturbation series to a fraction of the uncertainty due to the present error of the strong coupling constant. We have also performed the corresponding but technically simpler computations for direct Higgs decay to bottom quarks and for the electromagnetic
R
-ratio in
e
+
e
−
→ hadrons, thus verifying important fifth-order results obtained only by one group so far.
Cannabis legalization in North America has coincided with an increase in reports of cannabis-induced toxicosis in pets, but the magnitude of this problem, as well as outcomes of these incidents ...remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the frequency, diagnostic criteria, clinical signs, and prognoses of cannabis toxicoses in pets in North America. We conducted an online survey between January, 2021 and April, 2021 targeting veterinarians practicing in Canada and the United States (US). Out of the 251 study participants, 191 practiced in Canada. Cannabis toxicosis was most commonly reported in dogs (n = 226 veterinarians), and the number of toxicosis cases increased significantly in Canada (p<0.0001) and the US (p = 0.002) after October, 2018. Frequently reported clinical signs of cannabis toxicosis included: urinary incontinence (n = 195), disorientation (n = 182), ataxia (n = 178), lethargy (n = 150), hyperesthesia (n = 134), and bradycardia (n = 112). Edibles were most commonly suspected to be the cause of toxicosis (n = 116). The most common route of exposure was ingestion (n = 135), while the most cited reason was ingestion while unattended (n = 135). Cannabis toxicosis was mostly diagnosed using supportive clinical signs (n = 229), the most common treatment was outpatient monitoring (n = 182), and pets were most often treated as out-patients (n = 103). The legalization of cannabis use in Canada and the US is likely an important factor associated with the increased cannabis toxicosis cases in pets; however, the legal status may also increase reporting. The medicinal use of cannabis by pet-owners for pets may also contribute to a portion of the reported toxicoses. Most pets that experienced cannabis toxicosis recovered completely, suggesting that most cannabis toxicoses do not result in long-term ill effects. Even though some deaths (n = 16) were reported in association with cannabis toxicosis, the presence of confounders such as toxins, and underlying conditions cannot be ruled out, emphasizing the need for rigorous controlled laboratory studies to investigate this important issue.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
► Microstructured devices are suitable tools for continuous preparation of Pt nanoparticles using the polyol process. ► pH value has the strongest influence on particle size. ► Two step process with ...internal seeds formation was developed. ► Two-step process allows preparation of nanoparticles with tunable particle size and narrow size distribution. ► Small angle X-ray scattering is a suitable tool to follow processes in nanoparticle formation.
Dispersed colloidal Pt-nanoparticles with mean particle sizes between 1 and 4nm were prepared continuously in microstructured devices using ethylene glycol as solvent and reducing agent and H2PtCl6 as metal precursor. The Pt-nanoparticles were characterized directly in solution regarding the particle size and particle size distribution by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and after deposition on a grid by TEM. Both methods gave comparable results. The particle size of the Pt-nanoparticles which are formed inside the microstructures can be controlled by the NaOH/Pt ratio. At a high NaOH/Pt-ratio, that means in alkaline medium, the Pt-nanoparticles have a mean particle size lower than 1.7nm and a narrow size distribution indicating that nanoparticle formation is dominated by nucleation reaction under this condition. At a low NaOH/Pt-ratio, that means in acidic medium, the mean particle size increases to about 3.6nm whereas also the particle size distribution increases which is mainly attributed to a larger influence of growth reactions on particle formation. Pt-nanoparticles with a similar mean particle size but a clearly narrower particle size distribution were obtained when a two-step process was used. In this process, Pt-seeds were formed in the microreactor in an alkaline medium. After mixing the alkaline Pt-seeds containing solution with a HCl/ethylene glycol solution in a micromixer the now acidic solution flows in a second microreactor where mainly particle growing takes place. The final particle size and its distribution can be influenced by both conditions for seed formation (temperature, flow rate) and particle growth (pH, temperature, flow rate).
Au‐rganocatalytic reaction: A one‐pot process consisting of a Michael addition to a nitroenyne and a subsequent acetalization/cyclization is reported (see scheme; TMS=trimethylsilyl), which results ...in the formation of nitro‐substituted tetrahydrofuranyl ethers with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. Organocatalysis and gold catalysis are compatible and complementary in a one‐pot process.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the household food insecurity (HFI) prevalence in Canadians with diabetes and its relationship with diabetes management, self-care practices, and health status. RESEARCH ...DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed data from Canadians with diabetes aged greater-than-or-equal12 years (n = 6,237) from cycle 3.1 of the Canadian Community Health Survey, a population-based cross-sectional survey conducted in 2005. The HFI prevalence in Canadians with diabetes was compared with that in those without diabetes. The relationships between HFI and management services, self-care practices, and health status were examined for Ontarians with diabetes (n = 2,523). RESULTS: HFI was more prevalent among individuals with diabetes (9.3% 8.2-10.4) than among those without diabetes (6.8% 6.5-7.0) and was not associated with diabetes management services but was associated with physical inactivity (odds ratio 1.54 95% CI 1.10-2.17), lower fruit and vegetable consumption (0.52 0.33-0.81), current smoking (1.71 1.09-2.69), unmet health care needs (2.71 1.74-4.23), having been an overnight patient (2.08 1.43-3.04), having a mood disorder (2.18 1.54-3.08), having effects from a stroke (2.39 1.32-4.32), lower satisfaction with life (0.28 0.18-0.43), self-rated general (0.37 0.21-0.66) and mental (0.17 0.10-0.29) health, and higher self-perceived stress (2.04 1.30-3.20). The odds of HFI were higher for an individual in whom diabetes was diagnosed at age <40 years (3.08 1.96-4.84). CONCLUSIONS: HFI prevalence is higher among Canadians with diabetes and is associated with an increased likelihood of unhealthy behaviors, psychological distress, and poorer physical health.
ABSTRACT Most modern astrophysical data sets are multi-dimensional; a characteristic that can nowadays generally be conserved and exploited scientifically during the data reduction/simulation and ...analysis cascades. However, the same multi-dimensional data sets are systematically cropped, sliced, and/or projected to printable two-dimensional diagrams at the publication stage. In this article, we introduce the concept of the "X3D pathway" as a mean of simplifying and easing the access to data visualization and publication via three-dimensional (3D) diagrams. The X3D pathway exploits the facts that (1) the X3D 3D file format lies at the center of a product tree that includes interactive HTML documents, 3D printing, and high-end animations, and (2) all high-impact-factor and peer-reviewed journals in astrophysics are now published (some exclusively) online. We argue that the X3D standard is an ideal vector for sharing multi-dimensional data sets because it provides direct access to a range of different data visualization techniques, is fully open source, and is a well-defined standard from the International Organization for Standardization. Unlike other earlier propositions to publish multi-dimensional data sets via 3D diagrams, the X3D pathway is not tied to specific software (prone to rapid and unexpected evolution), but instead is compatible with a range of open-source software already in use by our community. The interactive HTML branch of the X3D pathway is also actively supported by leading peer-reviewed journals in the field of astrophysics. Finally, this article provides interested readers with a detailed set of practical astrophysical examples designed to act as a stepping stone toward the implementation of the X3D pathway for any other data set.
Monoterpenoid agonists of TRPV3 Vogt‐Eisele, A K; Weber, K; Sherkheli, M A ...
British journal of pharmacology,
June 2007, Letnik:
151, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Background and purpose:
Transient receptor potential (TRP) V3 is a thermosensitive ion channel expressed predominantly in the skin and neural tissues. It is activated by warmth and the monoterpene ...camphor and has been hypothesized to be involved in skin sensitization. A selection of monoterpenoid compounds was tested for TRPV3 activation to establish a structure‐function relationship. The related channel TRPM8 is activated by cool temperatures and a number of chemicals, among them the monoterpene (‐)‐menthol. The overlap of the receptor pharmacology between the two channels was investigated.
Experimental approach:
Transfected HEK293 cells were superfused with the test substances. Evoked currents were measured in whole cell patch clamp measurements. Dose‐response curves for the most potent agonists were obtained in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
Key results:
Six monoterpenes significantly more potent than camphor were identified: 6‐tert‐butyl‐m‐cresol, carvacrol, dihydrocarveol, thymol, carveol and (+)‐borneol. Their EC50 is up to 16 times lower than that of camphor. All of these compounds carry a ring‐located hydroxyl group and neither activates TRPM8 to a major extent.
Conclusions and implications:
Terpenoids have long been recognized as medically and pharmacologically active compounds, although their molecular targets have only partially been identified. TRPV3 activation may be responsible for several of the described effects of terpenoids. We show here that TRPV3 is activated by a number of monoterpenes and that a secondary hydroxyl‐group is a structural requirement.
British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 530–540; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707245
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