The impact of COVID-19 on Black adults' social networks and their perceptions of the safety of social gatherings are intertwined. Yet, we know little about the role of this intersection and social ...determinants on Black adults' mental health. The goal of this study was to examine profiles of COVID-19 impact and safety for Black adults in the United States, their association with mental health, and the role of sociodemographic, health, and employment social determinants. We used latent class analysis and data from Black adults from the nationally representative survey of the Understanding Coronavirus in America Study (January-February 2021; N = 593) to construct profiles and test associations between profiles, social determinants, and mental health. Black adults in the low visitation safety profile had worse mental health than those in the high home safety profile. Older, retired, and insured Black adults were less likely to be impacted by COVID-19. Both the impact of COVID-19 on social networks and perceptions of safety of engaging with others are important for Black adults' mental health. Age, retirement, and health insurance play a role. Reducing distress and social isolation from COVID-19 impact and safety fears may bolster the mental health of Black adults.
Public Policy Relevance Statement
Perceptions of safety of social gatherings during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 are associated with mental health in complex ways for Black adults. Public mental health policy during pandemics should focus on increasing health care access and tailoring mental health care initiatives to include strategies to manage distress and helplessness for older and retired Black adults with pandemic-related fears.
Emerging adults (i.e., age 18–25 years) of color in the United States are exposed to race/ethnicity‐related traumatic events in online settings. Although an emerging literature documents the mental ...health consequences of such online exposures among adolescents, the association between these exposures and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains understudied in emerging adults. Furthermore, little is known about strengths‐based factors that may be protective for emerging adults of color faced with such exposures. The current study aimed to fill these gaps by examining the potential of liberatory media literacy (i.e., the ability to critically read, evaluate, support, and create media and technology that represents people of color in their full humanity) to ameliorate the association between exposure to traumatic events online and PTSD symptoms. Emerging adults of color (N = 325, Mage = 22.24, 56.0% male) were recruited to complete a self‐report online survey that assessed exposure to race/ethnicity‐related traumatic events in online settings, liberatory media literacy, and PTSD symptoms. The results of moderation analysis indicated that increased exposure to traumatic events online was associated with higher PTSD symptoms, β = .22, and that the inclusive media and technology component of liberatory media literacy was protective in this association, β = .19. However, these effects were small, f2 = .22–.23. The potential of liberatory media literacy as a strengths‐based asset for emerging adults of color are discussed. Increasing inclusive media and technology skills may be an important target for intervention.
Worldwide efforts to tackle the nature of exotic nuclei comprise the construction of new-generation Radioactive Ion Beam facilities. The Italian community is deeply involved in the process and the ...construction of SPES at Legnaro National Laboratories (INFN) is progressing. This contribution describes the layout of SPES in all its flavours, from Nuclear Physics to Applications in Nuclear Medicine and Neutron Physics. In particular, the status of the SPES-β ISOL facility, together with some of the relevant physics cases and the associated equipment are described.
Racial discrimination has long-term consequences for cardiovascular health, potentially by dysregulating acute physiological responses. However, the role of psychological factors that may be ...protective or increase vulnerability for dysregulated responses, such as racial identity, remains unclear. This study examines the association between racial discrimination and acute parasympathetic responses, and the role of racial centrality, private regard, and public regard in this association.
Black young adults (N = 119, Mage = 19.45) recruited from a predominantly White institution in the southeastern United States completed an online survey (in which racial discrimination, racial identity, and control variables were reported) and a laboratory visit, during which they were exposed to a vignette of racial discrimination while their parasympathetic activity (indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia) was recorded.
While racial discrimination was not associated with respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity or recovery, centrality moderated this association such that more frequent racial discrimination was associated with greater parasympathetic reactivity and recovery only among participants low in racial centrality. Neither private regard nor public regard emerged as significant moderators.
This study is the first to show that lower levels of racial centrality can mitigate the association between discrimination and acute parasympathetic responses, which has important implications for initiatives aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk for Black young adults.
Fatigue crack behavior on a Cu-Zn-Al SMA Di Cocco, V.; Iacoviello, F.; Natali, S. ...
Frattura ed integritá strutturale,
10/2014, Letnik:
8, Številka:
30
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
In recent years, mechanical property of many SMA has improved in order to introduce these alloys in specific field of industry. Main examples of these alloys are the NiTi, Cu-Zn-Al and Cu-Al-Ni which ...are used in many fields of engineering such as aerospace or mechanical systems. Cu-Zn-Al alloys are characterized by good shape memory properties due to a bcc disordered structure stable at high temperature called ?-phase, which is able to change by means of a reversible transition to a B2 structure after appropriate cooling, and reversible transition from B2 secondary to DO3 order, under other types of cooling. In ?-Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloys, the martensitic transformation is not in equilibrium at room temperature. It is therefore often necessary to obtain the martensitic structure, using a thermal treatment at high temperature followed by quenching. The martensitic phases can be either thermally-induced spontaneous transformation, or stressinduced, or cooling, or stressing the ?- phase. Direct quenching from high temperatures to the martensite phase is the most effective because of the non-diffusive character of the transformation. The martensite inherits the atomic order from the ?-phase. Precipitation of many kinds of intermetallic phases is the main problem of treatment on cu-based shape memory alloy. For instance, a precipitation of ?-phase occurs in many low aluminum copper based SMA alloy and presence of ?-phase implies a strong degradation of shape recovery. However, Cu-Zn-Al SMA alloys characterized by aluminum contents less than 5% cover a good cold machining and cost is lower than traditional NiTi SMA alloys. In order to improve the SMA performance, it is always necessary to identify the microstructural changing in mechanical and thermal conditions, using X-Ray analyses. In this work a Cu-Zn-Al SMA alloy obtained in laboratory has been microstructurally and metallographically characterized by means of X-Ray diffraction and Light Optical Microscope (LOM) observations. Furthermore a fatigue crack propagation and fracture surface scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations have been performed in order to evaluate the crack path and the main crack micromechanisms.
Using data from an online survey assessing perceptions of 12 target
1
photos of Black and White males
2
and females, the current study examined a moderated mediation model of sexual orientation ...perceptions (N = 310). Results indicated that perceived masculinity/femininity was not a mediator in the association between target gender and perceived sexual orientation. Black male targets were perceived to be more heterosexual than White male targets, Black female targets were perceived as less heterosexual than White female targets, and Black targets were perceived as more masculine than White targets. These findings may indicate rigid gender- and sexuality-related expectations for Black men. Black women who are perceived as gay may be more at risk of related interpersonal harm than White women. Black sexual minority individuals may face challenges in navigating identity concealment or disclosure. Future research should explore the potential antecedents and consequences of perceptions of Black individuals' sexual orientation.
This study examines associations between individual racism, anticipatory racism‐related stress, and anti‐racism activism among Black adolescents (n = 443; Mage = 15.6; 57.4% female) and emerging ...adults (n = 447; Mage = 23.8; 77.6% female). The authors tested competing hypotheses about associations between individual racism and anti‐racism activism on anticipatory racism‐related stress. Findings indicated anticipatory racism‐related stress may be both a catalyst and consequence of engagement in anti‐racism activism for Black adolescents and emerging adults. Results for each age group varied by type of stress (physiological; psychological) and activism (low‐risk; high‐risk). Supporting youth engagement in anti‐racism activism without increasing anticipatory racism‐related stress is a key priority for meaningfully advancing scholarship on the development of anti‐racism and pursuit of racial justice.
In this investigation, we examined the associations between state-level structural sexism—a multidimensional index of gender inequities across economic, political, and cultural domains of the gender ...system—and health care access and quality among women and men in the United States. We linked administrative data gauging state-level gender gaps in pay, employment, poverty, political representation, and policy protections to individual-level data on health care availability, affordability, and quality from the national Consumer Survey of Health Care Access (2014–2019; N = 24,250). Results show that higher state-level sexism is associated with greater inability to access needed health care and more barriers to affording care for women but not for men. Furthermore, contrary to our hypothesis, women residing in states with higher state-level sexism report better quality of care than women in states with lower levels of sexism. These findings implicate state-level sexism in perpetuating gender disparities in health care.
This study examined the utility of cognitive flexibility for the health of college-attending Black young adults facing chronic interpersonal racial discrimination in a sample of 218 healthy students ...attending a predominantly White university in the southeastern United States. Path and simple slope analysis indicated that cognitive flexibility moderated the association between racial discrimination and waist circumference but not depressive symptoms. At high cognitive flexibility, more experiences of discrimination were significantly associated with larger waist circumference. Findings suggest that cognitive flexibility may be detrimental for physical health and not of paramount importance for mental health of college-attending Black young adults.
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