Retirement from sport is a life transition that has significant implications for athletes’ physical and mental health, as well as their social and professional development. Although extensive work ...has been done to review the retirement experiences of athletes, relatively less work has been done to examine and reflect on this expansive body of literature with a pragmatic aim of deciding what needs to happen to better support retiring athletes. This study used scoping review methodology to review current academic reviews, gray literature articles, and support programs on athletic retirement. This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer’s manual guide on scoping reviews and adhered to the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Academic articles were identified from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. Gray literature articles and support programs were identified using advanced Google searches. This study identified 23 academic reviews, 44 gray literature articles, and 15 support programs. Generally, the results suggest that athletic retirement encompasses a drastic shift in identity, a loss of social networks, a lack of career ambitions, and potential risks to physical and mental health. While there was a gap in the academic literature regarding practical strategies to support retiring athletes, the gray literature suggests many creative ideas. Stepwise programming may be beneficial to help athletes: (a) make sense of their athletic experience and see retirement as an ongoing process; (b) develop a well-rounded sense of self identity and understand how to apply their unique skills and strengths in new ways; (3) gain control over their retirement transition by establishing a clear plan and adjusting to new routines and opportunities; and (4) normalize the transition experience by “living in the next” and building confidence in new life directions. Future research may benefit from developing and evaluating more programming to support athletes through the retirement transition.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Digital health interventions are increasingly being designed to support health behaviors. Although digital health interventions informed by behavioral science theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs) ...are more likely to be effective than those designed without them, design teams often struggle to use these evidence-informed tools. Until now, little work has been done to clarify the ways in which behavioral science TMFs can add value to digital health design.
The aim of this study was to better understand how digital health design leaders select and use TMFs in design practice. The questions that were addressed included how do design leaders perceive the value of TMFs in digital health design, what considerations do design leaders make when selecting and applying TMFs, and what do design leaders think is needed in the future to advance the utility of TMFs in digital health design?
This study used a qualitative description design to understand the experiences and perspectives of digital health design leaders. The participants were identified through purposive and snowball sampling. Semistructured interviews were conducted via Zoom software. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed using Otter.ai software. Furthermore, 3 researchers coded a sample of interview transcripts and confirmed the coding strategy. One researcher completed the qualitative analysis using a codebook thematic analysis approach.
Design leaders had mixed opinions on the value of behavioral science TMFs in digital health design. Leaders suggested that TMFs added the most value when viewed as a starting point rather than the final destination for evidence-informed design. Specifically, these tools added value when they acted as a gateway drug to behavioral science, supported health behavior conceptualization, were balanced with expert knowledge and user-centered design principles, were complementary to existing design methods, and supported both individual- and systems-level thinking. Design leaders also felt that there was a considerable nuance in selecting the most value-adding TMFs. Considerations should be made regarding their source, appropriateness, complexity, accessibility, adaptability, evidence base, purpose, influence, audience, fit with team expertise, fit with team culture, and fit with external pressures. Design leaders suggested multiple opportunities to advance the use of TMFs. These included improving TMF reporting, design, and accessibility, as well as improving design teams' capacity to use TMFs appropriately in practice.
When designing a digital health behavior change intervention, using TMFs can help design teams to systematically integrate behavioral insights. The future of digital health behavior change design demands an easier way for designers to integrate evidence-based TMFs into practice.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Digital health interventions have enormous potential to support patients and the public in achieving their health goals. Nonetheless, many digital health interventions are failing to effectively ...engage patients and the public. One solution that has been proposed is to directly involve patients and the public in the design process of these digital health interventions. Although there is consensus that involving patients and the public in collaborative design is valuable, design teams have little guidance on how to maximize the value of their collaborative design work. The main objective of this study was to understand how the value of patient and public involvement in digital health design can be maximized, from the perspective of design leaders and patient-public partners. Using a qualitative descriptive methodology, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 design leaders and 9 patient-public partners. Interviewees agreed that involving patients and the public was valuable, however, they questioned if current collaborative methods were optimized to ensure maximal value. Interviewees suggested that patient and public collaborative design can add value through four different mechanisms: (1) by allowing the design process to be an empowering intervention itself, (2) by ensuring that the digital health intervention will be effectively engaging for users, (3) by ensuring that the digital health intervention will be seamlessly implemented in practice, and (4) by allowing patient-public collaborations extend beyond the initial product design. Overall, interviewees emphasized that although collaborative design has historically focused on improving the digital health product itself, patients and the public have crucial insights on implementation planning as well as how collaborative design can be used as its own empowering intervention. The results of this paper provide clarity about the ways that patient and public collaborative design can be made more valuable. Digital health design teams can use these results to be more intentional about their collaborative design approaches.
Mobile health (mHealth) interventions are increasingly being designed to facilitate health-related behavior change. Integrating insights from behavioral science and design science can help support ...the development of more effective mHealth interventions. Behavioral Design (BD) and Design Thinking (DT) have emerged as best practice approaches in their respective fields. Until now, little work has been done to examine how BD and DT can be integrated throughout the mHealth design process.
The aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence on how insights from BD and DT can be integrated to guide the design of mHealth interventions. The following questions were addressed: (1) what are the main characteristics of studies that integrate BD and DT during the mHealth design process? (2) what theories, models, and frameworks do design teams use during the mHealth design process? (3) what methods do design teams use to integrate BD and DT during the mHealth design process? and (4) what are key design challenges, implementation considerations, and future directions for integrating BD and DT during mHealth design?
This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer manual and PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist. Studies were identified from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, and JMIR by using search terms related to mHealth, BD, and DT. Included studies had to clearly describe their mHealth design process and how behavior change theories, models, frameworks, or techniques were incorporated. Two independent reviewers screened the studies for inclusion and completed the data extraction. A descriptive analysis was conducted.
A total of 75 papers met the inclusion criteria. All studies were published between 2012 and 2021. Studies integrated BD and DT in notable ways, which can be referred to as "Behavioral Design Thinking." Five steps were followed in Behavioral Design Thinking: (1) empathize with users and their behavior change needs, (2) define user and behavior change requirements, (3) ideate user-centered features and behavior change content, (4) prototype a user-centered solution that supports behavior change, and (5) test the solution against users' needs and for its behavior change potential. The key challenges experienced during mHealth design included meaningfully engaging patient and public partners in the design process, translating evidence-based behavior change techniques into actual mHealth features, and planning for how to integrate the mHealth intervention into existing clinical systems.
Best practices from BD and DT can be integrated throughout the mHealth design process to ensure that mHealth interventions are purposefully developed to effectively engage users. Although this scoping review clarified how insights from BD and DT can be integrated during mHealth design, future research is needed to identify the most effective design approaches.
Digital health interventions are increasingly being designed to support health behaviour changes. Despite the promise of digital health behaviour change interventions to improve health outcomes, ...there is mixed evidence on whether they are effective in doing so. One key concern is that digital health behaviour change interventions are not “effectively engaging” patient and public users. “Effective engagement” with a digital health behaviour change intervention necessitates that users “micro-engage” with the digital intervention itself (e.g., log-in and use app features) and “macro- engage” with the behaviours the intervention aims to support (e.g., complete physiotherapy exercises). This thesis explored the research question: how can design methods be optimized to support the development of digital health behaviour change interventions that aim to “effectively engage” patients and the public? Paper 1 scoped the literature to examine how digital health design teams can integrate insights from behavioural science and design thinking to develop more “effectively engaging” digital health behaviour change interventions. This paper found that design teams can follow an interdisciplinary, amalgamated approach, referred to as “Behavioural Design Thinking.” Paper 2 used qualitative interviews with digital health design leaders and patient-public partners to explore how to maximize the value of patient-public co-design in the digital health behaviour change design process. This paper found that the value of patient-public co-design extends far beyond product design improvement; patient-public co-design also adds value by ensuring more appropriate implementation planning and more empowering, sustainable partnership building. Paper 3 used qualitative interviews with digital health design leaders to explore how design leaders select and use behavioural science theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs) to guide digital health behaviour change design. This paper found that there is no “magic bullet” behavioural science TMF. The selection of TMFs in digital health behaviour change design is highly nuanced and clearer guidance is needed to help design teams select and use TMFs more meticulously. Overall, this thesis provided a starting point to open the “black box” of digital health behaviour change design methods optimization. Future work is needed to create design methodological guidance that will help ensure digital health interventions are purposefully designed to support “effective engagement.”
Encouraging older adults to active travel can lead to improved health outcomes in this population. Behavioural science theories, models, and frameworks can help us to understand the determinants of ...older adult active travel and to identify appropriate support strategies. This review paper uses behavioural science to: (i) understand the types of behavioural determinants being measured in the literature, (ii) identify the types of behavioural determinants found to significantly impact older adult active travel, (iii) map the most relevant behaviour change intervention strategies, and (iv) appraise current intervention strategies.
We conducted a scoping review of the literature and a strategic behavioural analysis to address our research objectives. Studies were identified from PsychInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, AgeLine using search terms related active travel and older adults. Included studies had to evaluate determinants of older adult active travel or describe an intervention influencing older adult active travel. Two reviewers screened the studies for inclusion and completed the data extraction. A strategic behavioural analysis was conducted.
A total of 102 papers met the inclusion criteria. The most commonly measured determinants of older adult active travel were in the “environmental context and resource” domain. A wide range of determinants were found to significantly impact older adult active travel, especially in the domains of “environmental context and resource”, “social influences and social-professional role”, “emotions”, “beliefs about capabilities” and “beliefs about consequences”. A wide range of intervention strategies may be relevant to support older adult active travel, especially those related to social support, prompts and cues, and restructuring the built environment.
Behavioural science offers an important lens to understand the determinants of older adult active travel and to plan evidence-based interventions. This paper contributes to the literature by reviewing the older adult active travel literature using a strategic behavioural analysis.
•Behavioural science can help reveal a clearer picture of older adult active travel.•There are disparities in the measurement of different behaviour change factors.•Increased focus should be placed on social and emotional influences of active travel.•Behavioural science offers an important lens to build better interventions.
The early introduction group participants of the Enquiring About Tolerance study were asked to undertake a proscriptive regimen of early introduction and sustained consumption of 6 allergenic foods. ...It was envisaged that this might be challenging, and early introduction group families were presented with an open-text question to express any problems they were experiencing with the regimen in recurring online questionnaires.
We sought to analyze these open-text questionnaire responses with the aim of identifying challenges associated with the introduction and regular consumption of allergenic foods.
Three combinations of interim questionnaire responses were selected for analysis, representing the early period (4, 5, and 6 months), middle period (8 and 12 months), and late period (24 and 36 months) of participation in the Enquiring About Tolerance study. Responses were assigned a code to describe their content and subsequently grouped into themes to portray key messages. A thematic content analysis allowed for conversion of qualitative codes into quantitative summaries.
Three main challenges to allergenic food consumption were identified. First, some children refused the allergenic food, causing a sense of defeat among caregivers. Second, caregivers were concerned that allergenic foods might be causing a reaction, triggering a need for reassurance. Third, practical problems associated with the regimen compromised caregivers' capacity to persist.
Understanding the challenges experienced with allergenic food introduction and sustained consumption is the necessary precursor to developing specific communication and support strategies that could be used by caregivers, practitioners, policymakers, and key stakeholders to address these problems.
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Digital health and virtual care (DH/VC) interventions have been rapidly transforming healthcare systems, offering enormous potential to bridge gaps in healthcare access and deliver person-centred ...interventions to equity-deserving populations. Working in partnership with patients, caregivers and communities to meaningfully integrate lived experience perspectives into DH/VC interventions can help ensure that diverse needs are met. In this commentary, we propose a consolidated set of principles for co-designing equity-informed DH/VC interventions. We also identify how these principles can be leveraged through resources and opportunities offered by Healthcare Excellence Canada and others.
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