Objective: determination of the infl uence of hemerin on the features of the course of chronic glomerulonephritis.Materials and method: the study included 80 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. ...Th e criterion for including patients in the study was the presence of indications for nephrobiopsy and the patient’s consent to perform it. All patients underwent general clinical examination with establishment of anamnesis of the disease, creatinine level, urea, calculation of GFR, determination of the general blood test, general urine analysis, daily proteinuria. Venous blood sampling was used to determine the level of hemerin. Twelve months aft er the patients were admitted to the study and treated according to standard therapy, several indicators were re-recorded.Results: positive correlation associations of hemerin and sedimentation rate of erythrocytes, total cholesterol and negative - with the level of protein in the blood have been established. It was shown that significantly more significant improvement in the clinical manifestations of renal remodeling was observed in patients with a high level of hemerin (≥ 297 pg / ml) 12 months aft er treatment in comparison with the group of patients with lower values of Hemerin (<297 pg / ml) - the hyperhydration Syndrome, the proteinuria of a single and daily portion, total cholesterol, fibrinogen decreased to a greater extent.Conclusion: based on the presented results of statistical analysis, it is possible to judge the severity of clinical manifestations associated in patients with elevated values of hemerin. However, aft er the standard therapy of chronic glomerulonephritis, these patients have better dynamics in stabilizing clinical parameters. It is possible to assume some protective function of hemerin in patients with glomerulonephritis.
In the N
2
-fixing symbionts of legumes (rhizobia), the evolution of (altruistic) characters that are useful for a host occurs in the populations colonizing the subscellular compartments of nodules ...(infection threads, symbiosomes). These compartments appear as a result of the coevolution of partners, which is associated with the complication of the trophic and regulatory interactions determining the ecological efficiency of symbiosis. Their analysis allows us to study the correlation of the mechanisms of the adaptive and progressive evolution of symbiosis, which is still unclear for free-living organisms.
In this paper, we propose two subspace-projection-based precoding schemes, namely, full-projection (FP)- and partial-projection (PP)-based precoding, for a cognitive radio multiple-input ...multiple-output (CR-MIMO) network to mitigate its interference to a primary time-division-duplexing (TDD) system. The proposed precoding schemes are capable of estimating interference channels between CR and primary networks, and incorporating the interference from the primary to the CR system into CR precoding via a novel sensing approach. Then, the CR performance and resulting interference of the proposed precoding schemes are analyzed and evaluated. By fully projecting the CR transmission onto a null space of the interference channels, the FP-based precoding scheme can effectively avoid interfering the primary system with boosted CR throughput. While, the PP-based scheme is able to further improve the CR throughput by partially projecting its transmission onto the null space.
In this paper, we consider the problem of direction finding in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar based on focusing the transmitted pulse energy within certain spatial sector(s). We propose ...a method for designing the transmit weight matrix based on maximizing the energy transmitted within the desired spatial sector and minimizing the energy disseminated in the out-of-sector area. The proposed transmit energy focusing results in the signal-to-noise ratio increase at the receive array which in turn leads to lower Cramer-Rao bound and improved direction of arrival estimation performance. Simulation results show the substantial improvements offered by the proposed transmit energy focusing based MIMO radar as compared to the traditional MIMO radar and the MIMO radar with receive beamspace post-processing.
In this paper, we consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast relay channel (BRC), in which the communication of a multi-antenna base station (BS) with several multi-antenna mobile ...stations (MS) is assisted by a fixed half-duplex multi-antenna relay station (RS). Applying dirty paper coding (DPC) at the BS and beamforming at the RS, we jointly optimize the transmit covariance matrices at the BS and the beamforming matrix at the RS by maximizing the system sum rate, which is a nonconvex problem. To solve this problem, we resort to the more tractable sum rate maximization in the dual multiple access relay channel (MARC), which is still a nonconvex difference of convex functions (DC) programming problem. We develop an iterative algorithm, termed alternating matrix polynomial time DC (POTDC) algorithm, based on an alternating optimization of the beamforming matrix and the transmit covariance matrices. The resulting covariance matrices for the MARC are then mapped to the desired BRC covariance matrices. The sum rate performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by simulations.
In recent years, it has been demonstrated that massive stars see their infant
circumstellar medium shaped into a large, irradiated, gravitationally unstable
accretion disc during their early ...formation phase. Such discs constitute the
gas reservoir in which nascent high-mass stars gain substantial fraction of
their mass by episodic accretion of dense gaseous circumstellar clumps. We aim
to evaluate the effects of stellar motion, caused by the disc non-axisymmetric
gravitational field, on the disc evolution and its spatial morphology. In
particular, we analyze the disc propensity to gravitational instability and
fragmentation, and also disc appearance on synthetic millimeter-band images
pertinent to the alma facility. We employed three-dimensional
radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of the surroundings of a young massive
star in the non-inertial spherical coordinate system, adopting the highest
spatial resolution to date and including the indirect star-disc gravitational
potential caused by the asymmetries in the circumstellar disc. The resulting
disc were postprocessed with the radiation transfer tool RADMC-3D and CASA
softwear to obtain disc synthetic images. The redistribution of angular
momentum in the system makes the disc smaller and rounder, reduces the number
of circumstellar gaseous clumps formed via disc gravitational fragmentation,
and prevents the ejection of gaseous clumps from the disc. The synthetic
predictive images at millimeter wavelengths of the accretion disc including
stellar wobbling are in better agreement with the observations of the
surroundings of massive young stellar objects, namely, AFGL 4176 mm1,
G17.64+0.16 and G353.273, than our numerical hydrodynamics simulations omitting
this physical mechanism. Our work confirms that stellar wobbling is an
essential ingredient to account for in numerical simulations of accretion discs
of massive protostars.
Using the example of nodular legume-rhizobia symbiosis (LRS), we discuss the evolution in plant micro-symbionts of mutualistic traits that are apparently host-beneficial and therefore the products of ...inter-species evolution. These traits include: in planta activation of N₂ fixation machinery; exporting the products of nitrogenase reaction into the plant cells/tissues; and the terminal differentiation of bacteria into non-reproductive N₂-fixing bacteroids. It seems probable that such adaptive traits evolved by natural selection within the populations of endosymbiotic bacteria that colonize the extra- and intra-cellular compartments provided by the hosts (i.e., infection threads and symbiosomes). This evolution would occur under the impacts of group (inter-deme, kin) selection pressures induced by the partners’ metabolic and regulatory feedbacks that ensure the high activity of symbiotic N₂ fixation. These important feedbacks include: progressive allocation of C compounds into N₂-fixing nodules; maintenance of micro-aerobic intracellular environments that are indispensable for intensive N₂ fixation; and stringent control by the host over bacterial reproduction in planta. A computational simulation of the associated co-evolutionary processes reveals the trade-off between inter-species and individual species components of progressive and adaptive LRS evolution. This is expressed as a correlated increase of ecological efficiency, functional integrity and genotypic specificity of mutualistic symbiosis. Thus, the evolution of rhizobia in symbiosis may be represented by a progressive multi-level scenario based on increasing the dependency of bacteria on the host-provided nutrients accompanied by increasing complexity of the bacterial genomes and of the symbiosis-encoding gene networks.
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), particularly Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNNs), have emerged as pivotal instruments in machine learning and signal processing for processing graph-structured ...data. This paper proposes an analysis framework to investigate the sensitivity of GCNNs to probabilistic graph perturbations, directly impacting the graph shift operator (GSO). Our study establishes tight expected GSO error bounds, which are explicitly linked to the error model parameters, and reveals a linear relationship between GSO perturbations and the resulting output differences at each layer of GCNNs. This linearity demonstrates that a single-layer GCNN maintains stability under graph edge perturbations, provided that the GSO errors remain bounded, regardless of the perturbation scale. For multilayer GCNNs, the dependency of system's output difference on GSO perturbations is shown to be a recursion of linearity. Finally, we exemplify the framework with the Graph Isomorphism Network (GIN) and Simple Graph Convolution Network (SGCN). Experiments validate our theoretical derivations and the effectiveness of our approach.
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