This article deals with the first documented and successful breeding of White-tailed Sea-eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Turiec and Liptov regions in northern Slovakia. In the Turiec Basin, two ...different breeding attempts were observed in 2020 and 2021. The two nests of the one pair were located on different trees of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and in total four eaglets fledged. In the Liptov Basin, one pair bred successfully on a European larch (Larix decidua) in 2021, and brought up one eaglet. All these breeding attempts were successful thanks to regular monitoring of localities, strengthening of unstable nests, guarding against man-induced disturbance and possible tree felling, and by declaration of a protection zone.
In the period 1964-2007, data on 1472 ex. of prey was acquired from whole Slovakia. It was confirmed that the location of the breeding population on the foothills and mountains of the Carpathian Arc ...has a cardinal contribution to diet diversity. The breeding sites and hunting-grounds were found from 100 to 1 000 meters above sea level. The dominant part of the diet created mammalian species (88.11 %, 19 species and Sorex sp., Apodemus sp., undetermined Artiodactyla). Birds were less represented but with higher diversity of species (6.25 %, 24 species and Columba sp., undetermined Passeriformes). In comparison with birds, the share of Amphibia, Reptilia and Pisces together (4.89 %, 5 species and Rana sp., Lacerta sp., undetermined Serpentes and Reptilia) was lower. Pisces constituted only 0.007 % with 1 ex. of prey species Cyprinus carpio. Evertebrata constituted 0.75 % and species from orders Orthoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera were found. The dominant prey of A. pomarina in Slovakia was Microtus arvalis (69.57 %), followed by Arvicola terrestris (5.16 %) and Microtus agrestis (3.94 %) constituting significantly lower proportion. These three species from the category small rodents composed 75.67 % of diet. Less abundant species in range 2.24-1.00 % were Talpa europaea (2.31 %), Rana temporaria (2.24 %), Cricetus cricetus (1.70 %), Phasianus colchicus (1.15 %), and Lepus europaeus (1.09 %). In lesser extent (1.0-0.5 %) also other mammalian species such as Apodemus flavicollis (0.88 %) and Mustela nivalis (0.88 %) were represented. The most frequently encountered birds were Galliformes such as P. colchicus (1.15 %), Gallus gallus domesticus (0.48 %), and Coturnix coturnix (0.54 %). Other more abundant prey bird species were Alauda arvensis (0.48 %), Columba sp. (0.48 %), and Crex crex (0.34 %). From the class Reptilia relatively high share of Anguis fragilis (0.95 %) and Lacerta sp. (0.68 %; most probably Lacerta agilis) were recorded. Other species with representation lower than 0.3 % were a random prey of A. pomarina.
V rokoch 1964-2007 sa získali údaje o 1472 kusoch koristi z celého Slovenska. Potvrdilo sa, že zásadný podiel na diverzite potravy má situovanie hniezdnej populácie do predhorí a pohorí Karpatského oblúka. Hniezdiská a loviská sa zistili v nadmorských výškach od 100-1000 m. Dominantnú zložku tvorili cicavce (88,11 %, 19 druhov a Sorex sp., Apodemus sp., neurčené Artiodactyla). Vtáky sú zastúpené oveľa menej početne, no s väčšou druhovou diverzitou (6,25 %, 24 druhov a Columba sp., neurčené Passeriformes). V menšej miere v porovnaní s vtákmi je zastúpenie spoločnej skupiny Amphibia, Reptilia a Pisces (4,89 %, 5 druhov a Rana sp., Lacerta sp., neurčené Serpentes a Reptilia). Z toho Pisces tvorili len 0,007 % s jediným kusom koristi druhu Cyprinus carpio. Evertebrata tvorili 0,75 %, tvorených zástupcami radov Orthoptera, Coleoptera a Diptera. Dominantnou korisťou A. pomarina na Slovensku je hraboš poľný (Microtus arvalis, 69,57 %), po ňom nasleduje so značným odstupom hryzec vodný (Arvicola terrestris, 5,16 %) a hraboš močiarny (Microtus agrestis, 3,94 %). Tieto tri druhy z kategórie drobných hlodavcov tvorili 75,67 % potravy. Menej početnými druhmi zistenými v potrave v rozsahu 2,24-1,00 % boli krt obyčajný (Talpa europaea, 2,31 %), skokan hnedý (Rana temporaria, 2,24 %), chrček poľný (Cricetus cricetus, 1,70 %), bažant poľovný (Phasianus colchicus, 1,15 %) a zajac poľný (Lepus europaeus, 1,09 %). Z ostatných cicavcov sa v menšej miere (1,0-0,5 %) vyskytovali ryšavka žltohrdlá (Apodemus flavicollis, 0,88 %) a lasica myšožravá (Mustela nivalis, 0,88 %). Z vtákov boli najčastejšie zastúpené kurotvaré (Galliformes), a to bažant poľovný (P. colchicus, 1,15 %), kura domáca (Gallus gallus dom., 0,48 %) a prepelica poľná (Coturnix coturnix, 0,54 %). Ďalšie početnejšie lovené druhy vtákov boli škovránok poľný (Alauda arvensis, 0,48 %), holuby (Columba sp., 0,48 %) a chriašteľ poľný (Crex crex, 0,34 %). Z triedy Reptilia sa zistilo pomerne vysoké zastúpenie u slepúcha lámavého (Anguis fragilis, 0,95 %) a jašterice (Lacerta sp., 0,68 %; s najväčšou pravdepodobnosťou jašterica krátkohlavá, Lacerta agilis). Ostatné druhy s dominanciou pod 0,3 % sú náhodnou korisťou A. pomarina.
In Slovakia during 2000-2008, 636 Lesser Spotted Eagles (Aquila pomarina) were marked with readable colour rings with double figure code. This is the highest number of Lesser Spotted Eagles marked in ...such a way in Europe. From this sample, 621 ind. (97.6 %) were chicks at the nest and 15 ind. (2.4 %) were adult birds which were trapped and consequently ringed. In this period, 2 colour series of rings have been used in Slovakia. In 2000 the ringing started with yellow rings, and up until the end of 2008, 631 ex. (616 young and 15 adults) were ringed. In 2008, the ringing started with light blue series of rings and 5 young at the nest were ringed. In addition to readable rings, aluminium ornithological rings of the Ringing Centres of Czech Republic (NM Praha) and Slovakia (NM Bratislava) have been used. The yellow series was used in fewer numbers also in Germany and Poland for marking the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina), the Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga), and eventually their hybrids. In this article the authors reported first observations in Slovakia of such marked Lesser Spotted Eagles in the field. Observed eagles were 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 years old. Some of them were already breeding and were observed taking care of their chicks.
V rokoch 2000-2008 sa na Slovensku označilo farebnými odčítateľnými krúžkami s dvojmiestným kódom spolu 636 jedincov orlov krikľavých (Aquila pomarina), čo je najviac takto označených orlov krikľavých v Európe. Z tohto počtu bolo 621 ex. (97,6 %) mláďat na hniezde a 15 ex. (2,4 %) adultných vtákov, ktoré sa odchytili a následne okrúžkovali. V uvedenom období sa použili na Slovensku dve série farebných krúžkov. Žltými krúžkami sa začalo krúžkovať v roku 2000, do konca roku 2008 sa nimi označilo 631 jedincov (616 mláďat a 15 adultných jedincov). Svetlomodrou sériou krúžkov sa začalo krúžkovať v roku 2008 a označilo sa nimi 5 mláďat na hniezde. Súbežne s odčítateľnými krúžkami sa používali aj klasické ornitologické krúžky krúžkovacích staníc v Čechách (NM Praha) a na Slovensku (NM Bratislava). Žltá séria sa v menšej miere použila aj v Nemecku a Poľsku na označenie orla krikľavého (Aquila pomarina), orla hrubozobého (Aquila clanga), prípadne ich hybridov. V predloženom článku autori uvádzajú prvé pozorovania takto označených orlov krikľavých vo voľnej prírode na Slovensku. Pozorované orly boli vo veku 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 a 8 rokov od ich vyliahnutia. V niektorých prípadoch to už boli hniezdiace jedince zastihnuté pri odchovávaní svojich mláďat.
The knowledge that asthma is an inflammatory disorder has prompted us to investigate the plasma levels of a new inflammatory marker sTREM-1 that is released from the surfaces of activated neutrophils ...and monocytes. The plasma levels of sTREM-1 were analysed by a sandwich ELISA test in the cohort of 76 patients with allergic asthma bronchiale and 39 healthy controls. Our results revealed more than 3.5 times higher levels of sTREM-1 in AB patients (92.3 pg/mL ± 125.6) compared with healthy subjects (25.7 pg/mL ± 9.2; P=0.0001). Higher levels of sTREM-1 were found also in patients with exacerbated AB (170.5 pg/mL ± 78.2) compared with nonexacerbated AB patients (59.1 ± 78.2; P<0.0001), patients with respiratory tract obstruction (176.4 pg/mL ± 177.8), than those without obstruction (51.99 pg/mL ± 64.0; P<0.0001) and patients with anti-IgE therapy (P<0.0001). Levels of sTREM-1 correlated with number of leucocytes (P=0.002), and absolute number of neutrophils (P=0.001). Elevated plasma levels of sTREM-1 reflect the severity, state of exacerbation, presence of respiratory tract obstruction in AB patients and together with increased number of neutrophils point to the role of neutrophils in inflammation accompanying AB.
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